1. An emulation system of coronary artery bypass graft based on internal mammary artery, comprising:

a medical image acquisition module for acquiring a medical image of a cardiac region of a patient;

a first vessel model acquisition module for acquiring a first vessel model from the medical image, the first vessel model containing a coronary artery of a patient;

a second vessel model obtaining module for obtaining a second vessel model according to the first vessel model, wherein the second vessel model comprises vessels related to a coronary artery bypass grafting operation based on the internal mammary artery;

and the coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation module is used for carrying out coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation according to the second blood vessel model.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second vessel model acquisition module comprises:

a missing blood vessel model obtaining unit for obtaining a missing blood vessel model;

a second vessel model obtaining unit, configured to merge the missing vessel model into the first vessel model to obtain the second vessel model.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein:

the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit obtains a corresponding blood vessel in a standard blood vessel model as the missing blood vessel model; or

The missing blood vessel model obtaining unit adjusts corresponding blood vessels in the standard blood vessel model according to the medical image to obtain the missing blood vessel model.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein: the missing blood vessel model acquisition unit processes the medical image by using a generation pairing anti network model to acquire the missing blood vessel model.

5. The system of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the coronary bypass graft simulation module comprises:

the bridge point acquisition unit is used for acquiring a bridge point at the far end of the coronary artery stenosis position in the second blood vessel model;

and the operation simulation unit is used for virtually bridging the internal mammary artery in the second blood vessel model to the bridging point.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the coronary bypass graft simulation module further comprises:

an interception point acquisition unit for acquiring an interception point of the internal mammary artery;

the operation simulation unit is also used for virtually cutting off the internal mammary artery at the cutting point.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising: and the hemodynamic analysis module is used for carrying out hemodynamic analysis according to the result of the coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation.

8. A simulation method of coronary artery bypass graft based on internal mammary artery is characterized by comprising the following steps:

acquiring a medical image of a heart region of a patient;

acquiring a first vessel model from the medical image, the first vessel model containing a coronary artery of the patient;

obtaining a second vessel model from the first vessel model, the second vessel model including vessels associated with an internal mammary artery-based coronary bypass graft surgery;

and performing coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation according to the second blood vessel model.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method for simulation of an internal mammary artery-based coronary bypass graft of claim 8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:

a memory storing a computer program;

a processor, communicatively coupled to the memory, that when invoked, performs the method of claim 8 for simulating a coronary artery-based bypass graft.

Background

Coronary artery bypass grafting, also called coronary artery bypass grafting and heart bypass grafting, is an operation for grafting a blood vessel of a patient to a corresponding position of a coronary artery, so that a channel is established between a near end and a far end of a narrow part of the coronary artery, the blood vessel bypasses the narrow part to reach the far end blood vessel, and then blood supply of cardiac muscle is recovered, and the anoxic state of the cardiac muscle ischemia is relieved, and the coronary artery bypass grafting is one of very effective means for treating the coronary heart disease, the cardiac ischemia and the like. In the related art, a common graft material for coronary artery bypass graft includes left and right internal mammary arteries.

With the development of medical imaging technology, surgical planning and simulation of cardiovascular diseases by using CT scanning and corresponding image post-processing technology have become common clinical means. The conventional CT cardiac scanning sequence only scans the heart region in the Z-axis direction (head-to-foot direction) of the CT system for about 16 cm, and the processed cardiac image is shown in fig. 1, which only includes the image of the ascending aorta from the lower apex to the upper part of the heart. However, the image does not contain all blood vessels related to the coronary bypass graft surgery, and therefore, a coronary bypass graft simulation cannot be performed based on the image.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a coronary artery bypass graft simulation system, method, medium and electronic device, which solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

To achieve the above and other related objects, a first aspect of the present invention provides an emulation system of a coronary artery bypass graft based on an internal mammary artery, the system comprising: a medical image acquisition module for acquiring a medical image of a cardiac region of a patient; a first vessel model acquisition module for acquiring a first vessel model from the medical image, the first vessel model containing a coronary artery of a patient; a second vessel model obtaining module for obtaining a second vessel model according to the first vessel model, wherein the second vessel model comprises vessels related to a coronary artery bypass grafting operation based on the internal mammary artery; and the coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation module is used for carrying out coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation according to the second blood vessel model.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the second vessel model obtaining module includes: a missing blood vessel model obtaining unit for obtaining a missing blood vessel model; a second vessel model obtaining unit, configured to merge the missing vessel model into the first vessel model to obtain the second vessel model.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit obtains a corresponding blood vessel in a standard blood vessel model as the missing blood vessel model; or the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit adjusts the corresponding blood vessel in the standard blood vessel model according to the medical image to obtain the missing blood vessel model.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit processes the medical image by using a generation impedance network model to obtain the missing blood vessel model.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the coronary bypass graft simulation module comprises: the bridge point acquisition unit is used for acquiring a bridge point at the far end of the coronary artery stenosis position in the second blood vessel model; and the operation simulation unit is used for virtually bridging the internal mammary artery in the second blood vessel model to the bridging point.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the coronary bypass graft simulation module further includes: an interception point acquisition unit for acquiring an interception point of the internal mammary artery; the operation simulation unit is also used for virtually cutting off the internal mammary artery at the cutting point.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, the system further includes: and the hemodynamic analysis module is used for carrying out hemodynamic analysis according to the result of the coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a simulation method for coronary artery bypass graft based on internal mammary artery, the method comprising: acquiring a medical image of a heart region of a patient; acquiring a first vessel model from the medical image, the first vessel model containing a coronary artery of the patient; obtaining a second vessel model from the first vessel model, the second vessel model including vessels associated with an internal mammary artery-based coronary bypass graft surgery; and performing coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation according to the second blood vessel model.

A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method for simulation of an internal mammary artery-based coronary bypass graft according to the second aspect of the present invention.

A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic apparatus, comprising: a memory storing a computer program; and the processor is connected with the memory in a communication way and executes the simulation method of the coronary artery bypass grafting based on the internal mammary artery in the second aspect of the invention when the computer program is called.

As described above, the simulation system for coronary artery bypass graft according to one or more embodiments of the present invention has the following advantages:

the coronary bypass graft simulation system is capable of obtaining a first vessel model from a medical image of a heart region of a patient and obtaining a second vessel model from the first vessel model, wherein the second vessel model contains vessels associated with an internal mammary artery-based coronary bypass graft procedure. Therefore, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation can be performed based on the second blood vessel model, and the result obtained by the simulation can assist medical staff in performing the coronary artery bypass graft operation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows an example of a cardiac region CT image acquired in the related art.

Fig. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a coronary artery bypass graft simulation system according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of a first blood vessel model obtained by the simulation system for coronary artery bypass graft according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second blood vessel model obtaining module of the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4A and 4B are schematic structural diagrams of a coronary artery bypass graft simulation module in an embodiment of the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a hemodynamic analysis of a coronary bypass graft simulation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a simulation method of coronary artery bypass graft in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the invention.

Description of the element reference numerals

1 coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation system

11 medical image acquisition module

12 first blood vessel model obtaining module

13 second blood vessel model obtaining module

131 missing blood vessel model obtaining unit

132 second blood vessel model obtaining unit

14 coronary artery bypass transplantation simulation module

141 bridge point acquisition unit

142 breakpoint acquisition unit

143 operation simulation unit

700 electronic device

710 memory

720 processor

730 display

S51-S53

S61-S64

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated. Moreover, in this document, relational terms such as "first," "second," and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.

A conventional CT cardiac scan sequence scans only a cardiac region over a Z-axis (head-to-foot) of the CT system for about 16 cm, which includes only images down to the apex and up to a portion of the ascending aorta. However, the image does not contain all blood vessels related to the coronary bypass graft surgery, and therefore, a coronary bypass graft simulation cannot be performed based on the image. To solve the problem, referring to fig. 2A, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coronary artery bypass graft simulation system 1, where the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system 1 includes a medical image acquisition module 11, a first blood vessel model acquisition module 12, a second blood vessel model acquisition module 13, and a coronary artery bypass graft simulation module 14.

The medical image acquisition module 11 is used for acquiring a medical image of a heart region of a patient, such as a CT image.

The first vessel model acquisition module 12 is connected to the medical image acquisition module 11 for acquiring a first vessel model from the medical image, the first vessel model comprising a coronary artery of the patient.

Alternatively, the first vessel model may only include the complete coronary arteries (left and right coronary arteries) or may include the complete coronary arteries and a portion of the aorta connected to the coronary arteries, for example, as shown in fig. 2B.

Optionally, the first blood vessel model obtaining module 12 may segment the medical image by using a neural network model-based segmentation network such as U-Net, V-Net, etc. to obtain the first blood vessel model.

Optionally, the first blood vessel model obtaining module 12 may also obtain the first blood vessel model from the medical image according to a blood vessel gray scale range. Specifically, the first blood vessel model obtaining module 12 may obtain all pixel points with gray values within the blood vessel gray range from the medical image as blood vessel pixel points, and obtain the first blood vessel model according to all the blood vessel pixel points. Wherein, the blood vessel gray scale range can be set according to actual requirements or experience.

The second blood vessel model obtaining module 13 is connected to the first blood vessel model obtaining module 12, and is configured to obtain a second blood vessel model according to the first blood vessel model, where the second blood vessel model includes a blood vessel related to a target operation, the target operation is a coronary artery bypass graft operation based on an internal mammary artery, and the second blood vessel model includes a blood vessel related to a coronary artery bypass graft operation based on an internal mammary artery. For example, the second blood vessel model may include a coronary artery, an ascending aorta, an aortic arch, a subclavian artery, and an internal mammary artery, wherein the internal mammary artery included in the second blood vessel model is, for example, a left internal mammary artery and/or a right internal mammary artery.

The coronary artery bypass graft simulation module 14 is connected to the second blood vessel model obtaining module 13, and is configured to perform coronary artery bypass graft simulation according to the second blood vessel model, where a result obtained by the simulation may assist medical staff in performing the coronary artery bypass graft operation based on the internal mammary artery.

As can be seen from the above description, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system 1 according to the present embodiment is capable of acquiring a first blood vessel model from a medical image of a heart region of a patient, and acquiring a second blood vessel model from the first blood vessel model, wherein the second blood vessel model includes blood vessels related to a coronary artery bypass graft surgery based on an internal mammary artery. Therefore, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation can be performed based on the second blood vessel model.

Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the second blood vessel model obtaining module 13 includes a missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 and a second blood vessel model obtaining unit 132.

The missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 is configured to obtain a missing blood vessel model, wherein the missing blood vessel model includes blood vessels related to a coronary artery bypass graft based on a mammary artery, in addition to the first blood vessel model, and the missing blood vessel model and the first blood vessel model can be merged into the second blood vessel model.

Optionally, the missing vessel model includes an ascending aorta, an aortic arch, a subclavian artery, and an internal mammary artery that are not imaged in the medical image.

The second blood vessel model obtaining unit 132 is connected to the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131, and is configured to combine the missing blood vessel model with the first blood vessel model to obtain the second blood vessel model.

Optionally, when the first blood vessel model only includes the complete coronary artery, the missing blood vessel model includes the aorta, and the second blood vessel model obtaining unit 132 can splice the coronary artery onto the aorta according to the anatomical prior knowledge to achieve the merging.

Optionally, when the first blood vessel model includes a complete coronary artery and a partial aorta, the missing blood vessel model includes a partial or a complete aorta, and the second blood vessel model obtaining unit 132 can combine the two parts of aorta according to the diameter of the aorta in the first blood vessel model and the diameter of the aorta in the missing blood vessel model.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 obtains a corresponding blood vessel in a standard blood vessel model as the missing blood vessel model. The standard blood vessel model comprises a standard missing blood vessel model, and can be obtained by registering corresponding blood vessel models of a plurality of patients in practical application, or obtained according to teaching materials, tool books and the like in the field. For example, when the missing blood vessel model includes an ascending aorta, an aortic arch, a subclavian artery, and an internal mammary artery, the standard blood vessel model includes a standard ascending aorta, an aortic arch, a subclavian artery, and an internal mammary artery.

In this embodiment, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 can obtain the second blood vessel model by splicing the corresponding blood vessel in the standard blood vessel model as the missing blood vessel model to the first blood vessel model, which is simple to implement and has a low computation load.

In an embodiment of the invention, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 adjusts a corresponding blood vessel in the standard blood vessel model according to the medical image to obtain the missing blood vessel model. Specifically, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 obtains size parameters of the heart and blood vessels of the patient according to the medical image, and adjusts the size of the corresponding blood vessel in the standard blood vessel model according to the size parameters to obtain the missing blood vessel model. The missing vessel model obtained in this way more closely approximates the actual vessel of the patient.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the missing blood vessel model obtaining unit 131 processes the medical image by using a generation impedance network model to obtain the missing blood vessel model.

The training method for generating the confrontation network model comprises the following steps: the medical images of a plurality of patients and the corresponding missing blood vessel models thereof are obtained as training data, and the generated confrontation network model is trained by utilizing the training data, wherein the medical images and the missing blood vessel models in the training data are real data.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the generating of the countermeasure network model includes a generating model and a discriminating model, and during training, the generating model generates a training ischemic model according to the medical image of the patient in the training data, and obtains a loss function value according to a difference parameter such as a difference in aortic diameter and a difference in mammary artery length between the training ischemic model and the real ischemic model, so as to adjust the structure and the parameter of the loss function value. And the discrimination model discriminates whether the training ischemia model is true according to the parameters of the training ischemia model, such as the diameter of the aorta, the length of the internal mammary artery and the like.

Referring to fig. 4A, in an embodiment of the present invention, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation module 14 includes a bridge point obtaining unit 141 and a surgery simulation unit 143.

The bridging point obtaining unit 141 is connected to the second blood vessel model obtaining module 13, and is configured to obtain a bridging point at a distal end of a coronary artery stenosis position in the second blood vessel model.

Alternatively, the bridge point obtaining unit 141 may select the bridge point from the coronary artery according to the received bridge point selecting instruction, and at this time, the user may input the bridge point selecting instruction through an interactive interface.

Alternatively, the bridge point acquisition unit 141 acquires the bridge point from the position of the stenosis of the coronary artery vessel. Specifically, the bridging point obtaining unit 141 obtains the lumen diameter of each point of the coronary artery blood vessel from the first blood vessel model or the medical image, and obtains the stenosis position in the coronary artery blood vessel from the relationship between the lumen diameter and a diameter threshold, based on which the bridging point obtaining unit 141 may select a point near the distal end of the stenosis position as the bridging point.

The operation simulation unit 143 is connected to the bridge point obtaining unit 141, and is configured to virtually bridge the internal mammary artery in the second blood vessel model to the bridge point, so as to form a new blood vessel access, which includes, for example: the aorta-subclavian artery-internal mammary artery-coronary artery is far away from the narrow position of the coronary artery, so as to realize the virtual coronary bypass grafting operation. Wherein the virtual bridging means that the blood vessel connection between the internal mammary artery and the bridging point is realized by means of simulation.

In practical applications, the missing blood vessel model may only include a portion of the internal mammary artery, and at this time, the surgical simulation unit 143 virtually bridges the portion of the internal mammary artery to the bridge point to form the new blood vessel path. Medical personnel can formulate or adjust a surgical plan by observing information such as the length, diameter, blood flow rate, etc. of the new vascular access.

Optionally, referring to fig. 4B, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation module 14 may further include an interception point obtaining unit 142, where the interception point obtaining unit 142 is connected to the second blood vessel model obtaining module 13, and is configured to obtain an interception point of the internal mammary artery. At this time, the operation simulation unit 143 is further connected to the cutting point obtaining unit 142, and is configured to virtually cut off the internal mammary artery at the cutting point and virtually bridge the internal mammary artery to the bridging point.

Optionally, the interception point obtaining unit 142 may select the interception point from the internal mammary artery according to the received interception point selecting instruction, and at this time, the user may input the interception point selecting instruction through an interactive interface.

Optionally, the interception point obtaining unit 142 obtains the interception point according to the position of the bridge point and the position of the starting point of the internal mammary artery. Specifically, the interception point obtaining unit 142 obtains a distance between the origin of the internal mammary artery and the position of the bridging point as a bridging distance, and then selects a point from the internal mammary artery as the interception point according to the bridging distance and the position of the bridging point, so that the length of a bridging blood vessel segment can ensure that a blood vessel path is established between the origin of the internal mammary artery and the bridging point, where the bridging blood vessel segment is the blood vessel segment between the origin of the internal mammary artery and the interception point.

In an embodiment of the invention, the simulation system for coronary artery bypass graft further includes a hemodynamic analysis module, and the hemodynamic analysis module is configured to perform hemodynamic analysis according to a result of the simulation of coronary artery bypass graft.

Optionally, referring to fig. 5, the method for performing the hemodynamic analysis by the hemodynamic analysis module in this embodiment includes:

and S51, acquiring the hemodynamic environment after the virtual coronary artery bypass transplantation operation according to the simulation result.

And S52, acquiring a flow resistance boundary condition of the position of the bridge point on the coronary artery according to the hemodynamic environment.

And S53, calculating the FFR (Fractional Flow Reserve) value of each part of the blood vessel at the far end of the coronary artery stenosis according to the Flow resistance boundary condition by adopting a hemodynamic analysis method.

Optionally, the hemodynamic analysis method further comprises: displaying the FFR values throughout the vessel distal to the coronary stenosis to a medical practitioner to assist the medical practitioner in making or adjusting a surgical plan.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system further includes a display interaction module, and the display interaction module is configured to display a GUI interaction interface related to the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system.

Optionally, the display interaction module is configured to display the result of the simulation of coronary artery bypass graft, including the cut point of the internal mammary artery, the bridge point of the coronary artery, and/or the new blood vessel path formed after virtual bridging.

Optionally, the display interaction module is further configured to display the medical image, the first vessel model and the second vessel model.

Optionally, the display interaction module is further configured to receive an interception point selection instruction and/or a bridging point selection instruction input by a user, and forward the instruction to the corresponding module.

Optionally, the display interaction module is further configured to receive a vessel completion instruction input by a user and forward the vessel completion instruction to the second vessel model obtaining module, and the second vessel model obtaining module completes the first vessel model according to the vessel completion instruction to obtain the second vessel model.

For example, a user can click near the left mammary artery through a mouse to input a blood vessel completion instruction, the second blood vessel model acquisition module acquires models of an ascending aorta, an aortic arch, a subclavian artery and a left internal mammary artery according to the blood vessel completion instruction and merges the models into the first blood vessel model to acquire the second blood vessel model, and the display interactive interface can display the second blood vessel model to the user, so that a function of completing the blood vessel by one key is realized.

For another example, the user may also click near the right mammary artery by using a mouse to input another blood vessel completing instruction, and the second blood vessel model obtaining module may obtain the second blood vessel model in a manner similar to that described above, and at this time, the function of completing the blood vessel by one click may also be implemented, except that the internal mammary artery in the second blood vessel model is the right internal mammary artery in this example.

Based on the description of the simulation system for coronary artery bypass graft based on the internal mammary artery, the invention also provides a simulation method for coronary artery bypass graft based on the internal mammary artery. Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes:

s61, a medical image of the heart region of the patient is acquired.

S62, a first vessel model is acquired from the medical image, the first vessel model including a coronary artery of the patient.

S63, obtaining a second blood vessel model according to the first blood vessel model, wherein the second blood vessel model comprises blood vessels relevant to a target operation, and the target operation is a coronary artery bypass grafting operation based on the internal mammary artery.

And S64, performing coronary artery bypass graft simulation according to the second blood vessel model.

The steps S61 to S64 correspond to the corresponding modules in the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system 1 shown in fig. 2A one-to-one, and the alternatives of the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system 1 may also be adapted to the coronary artery bypass graft simulation method of the present embodiment after adjustment. To save the description space, it will not be described in detail herein.

Based on the above description of the simulation method of coronary artery bypass graft, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the simulation method of coronary artery bypass graft based on internal mammary artery shown in fig. 6.

Based on the description of the simulation method for coronary artery bypass transplantation, the invention also provides electronic equipment. Referring to fig. 7, in an embodiment of the invention, the electronic device 700 includes a memory 710 and a processor 720. The memory 710 stores a computer program; the processor 720 is communicatively connected to the memory 710, and executes the simulation method of the internal mammary artery-based coronary artery bypass graft shown in fig. 6 when the computer program is called.

Optionally, the electronic device 700 of this embodiment further includes a display 730, and the display 730 is communicatively connected to the memory 710 and the processor 720, and is configured to display a GUI interactive interface related to the simulation method of the internal mammary artery-based coronary artery bypass graft.

The protection scope of the simulation method for coronary artery bypass graft of the present invention is not limited to the execution sequence of the steps listed in this embodiment, and all the solutions implemented by adding, subtracting, and replacing the steps in the prior art according to the principles of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention also provides a coronary artery bypass graft simulation system, which can realize the coronary artery bypass graft simulation method, but the realization device of the coronary artery bypass graft simulation method of the invention comprises but is not limited to the structure of the coronary artery bypass graft simulation system listed in the embodiment, and all the structural deformation and replacement of the prior art made according to the principle of the invention are included in the protection scope of the invention.

In summary, the simulation system for coronary artery bypass graft according to the present invention can obtain a first blood vessel model according to the medical image of the heart region of the patient, and can obtain a second blood vessel model according to the first blood vessel model, wherein the second blood vessel model includes blood vessels related to the coronary artery bypass graft surgery based on the internal mammary artery. Therefore, the coronary artery bypass graft simulation can be performed based on the second blood vessel model, and the result obtained by the simulation can assist medical staff in performing the coronary artery bypass graft operation. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.