1. A fluorescence staining method for plasmodium detection is characterized in that small molecules marked by fluorescein are adopted for plasmodium detection.

2. The fluorescence staining method for plasmodium detection according to claim 1, wherein the plasmodium detection is achieved by allowing hemocytes infected with plasmodium to appear a specific color or bright color, and hemocytes not infected with plasmodium to appear a background color or black color.

3. The specific fluorescein-labeled small molecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific fluorescein-labeled small molecule is obtained by modifying a compound small molecule obtained by a molecular fishing experiment and labeling the compound small molecule with fluorescein.

4. The compound small molecule of claim 3, characterized in that the core structure is (4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino) -2-methylcarboxyl-1-diethylaminotoluene.

5. The compound small molecule of claim 3, characterized in that the core structure is (4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino) -2-amino-1-diethylaminotoluene.

6. The specific fluorescein-labeled small molecule as described in claim 1 is the product of fluorescein labeling of the compound small molecule as described in claim 3.

7. The specific fluorescein labeled small molecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dissolution system is an aqueous solution containing 15% formic acid and 30% hexacyanoferrate.

8. A reagent for fluorescence staining plasmodium, characterized in that the reagent comprises the specific fluorescein labeled small molecule of claim 1 and a reaction system.

9. The reaction system of claim 8, comprising PBS buffer system, BSA, DMSO, Triton-x 100.

Background

The fluorescence staining method is a method for observing a substance to be detected by using a microscope, wherein the fluorescence staining method utilizes the optical characteristics of fluorescein, and the wavelength of a specific color is emitted under the excitation of exciting light with a special wavelength. The fluorescent staining method comprises a non-specific fluorescent staining reagent and a specific fluorescent staining reagent.

The non-specific fluorescent staining reagent generally adopts non-specific fluorescent fuel, comprises auramine O fluorescent staining solution and the like, and can stain a certain biomacromolecule but cannot distinguish cells, viruses, bacteria and the like containing the biomacromolecule.

The specific fluorescent staining reagent adopts molecules capable of being specifically combined with an object to be detected as a main core raw material, and the molecules and a special structure of the object to be detected have the characteristic of specifically combining antigen antibodies or receptor ligands. The specific fluorescent staining reagent modifies the molecules and is labeled by fluorescein, and the specific fluorescent staining reagent has detection specificity.

Malaria is an insect-borne infectious disease caused by plasmodium. Plasmodium is a single-celled, parasitic protozoan species, and five species of plasmodium cause malaria in humans, including plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale, plasmodium vivax, and plasmodium knowlesi. Malaria is prevalent in 102 countries and regions where, as estimated by the world health organization, 20 billion people live in endemic areas, particularly in some countries in africa, south-east asia and central and south america. Malaria is currently still one of the most serious threats facing public health. According to the world health organization, about 40% of the world population is threatened by malaria, about 3 million people are infected with malaria each year, 110 million people die of malaria, and 90% are children.

The causative agent of malaria is the schizont of the asexual proliferative phase in erythrocytes in the life history of plasmodium. When mature merozoites burst red blood cells, merozoites, metabolites of plasmodium, and red blood cell debris are released into the blood stream. A significant proportion of this material is phagocytosed by macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells, which stimulate these cells to produce endogenous pyrogens which, together with plasmodium metabolites, act on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, causing fever.

The onset of malaria is caused by the stimulation of the body by plasmodium up to the asexual phase (schizont proliferative phase) in a certain number of erythrocytes. Malaria has a cycle of attack that coincides with the cycle of proliferation of the red-inner phase of the mitosis, and, therefore, vivax malaria is an every-other-day attack, and the initial attack of falciparum malaria is usually once every other day, and the attack is irregular thereafter. The vivax malaria has a recurrence phenomenon, namely the plasmodium in the erythrocyte stage is eliminated after the initial onset of the malaria, and the malaria attack still occurs after months to years without mosquito bite. This is due to the presence of a dormant species in the plasmodium's development within hepatocytes.

From infection of the human body with plasmodium to onset, the incubation period is called. The incubation period of vivax malaria is generally 13-15 days, and can be up to 6 months or more, and is also up to one year. There is a prodromal phase in most cases. Clinical acute episodes are based on body temperature exceeding 37.8 ℃, fever begins around noon and before 9 pm and occasionally occurs late at night. The first and second symptoms are mild, low in heat and then increasingly severe. The latent period of malignant malaria is generally 6-27 days, and on average 11 days, the malaria is frequently attacked suddenly, and has no chills and only aversion to cold. The high fever is common, the fever type is complex, some have malaria like weekday, and attack is performed 1 time every other day; some generate heat every day, and the heat type is intermittent, relaxation or irregular; some patients have high heat continuously, and the heating period is usually as long as 20-36 hours; the interval between the two attacks is extremely short. Ovoid is similar to vivax malaria. The incubation period of the malaria quartana is 18-35 days, and the average day is 28 days.

Laboratory techniques for malaria detection include microscopy, immunological detection of plasmodium antigens, PCR detection, and the Dipstick method. The microscopic examination method comprises a common staining microscopic examination method, an acridine orange staining microscopic examination method and nucleic acid probe detection.

The common staining microscopy method adopts the gold staining solution staining and then microscopy, which is the gold standard for plasmodium detection, but is influenced by factors such as plasmodium density in blood, slice making and staining technology, plasmodium deformation after administration, microscopy experience and the like;

the acridine orange staining microscopy method adopts acridine orange to replace Gilbert's staining solution, and has the disadvantages that the acridine orange is non-specific nucleic acid fuel, and other pathogens parasitized in erythrocytes, a small amount of immature erythrocytes and white blood cells in normal human blood can be colored and cannot be identified.

The plasmodium hemorray can be detected by immunological detection of plasmodium antigens, so that the plasmodium hemorray can be used for clinical diagnosis of patients with the disease, detection of infection sources from people and examination of curative effects, and the main methods comprise agarose diffusion test, convection immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, direct fluorescence or enzyme immunostaining method and the like, and have the defect of low detection sensitivity.

At present, several different nucleic acid probes are used for detecting plasmodium at home and abroad. Because of its unique high specificity, sensitivity can be higher than that of microscopy, nucleic acid probe technology is considered to be a promising alternative to conventional microscopy, and large numbers of samples can be processed in batches within a short time, which has been considered to be a potential diagnostic tool for malaria epidemiological investigation and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of antimalarial measures. There are some technical problems to be solved and certain methodological limitations that require darkroom operation.

The technique of PCR detection of Plasmodium on dried blood drops on filter paper has also matured to facilitate PCR monitoring of malaria in remote areas. The requirements on experimental techniques and conditions are high, so that the application of the method in the field is limited.

There is also a limitation in using the Dipstick method, whereby it is difficult to detect plasmodium falciparum which is still latent or contains only mature gametophytes in the blood.

Microscopy is the gold standard for detection of plasmodium. The microscopy method is matched with a specific fluorescent staining reagent for plasmodium detection, and the malaria can be diagnosed when the density of plasmodium in blood is low, so that the clinical diagnosis significance is obvious.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a rapid, specific and highly sensitive fluorescence staining method for plasmodium. The pathogens involved are five species of plasmodium that infect humans. It is another object of the present invention to provide a detection reagent for use in the method.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the fluorescent staining reagent is packaged by a single package and contains: 0.5mg/ml of a specific fluorescein labeled small molecule, 0.5mg/ml of evans blue, a PBS buffer system, 5mg/ml of BSA, 0.05% of DMSO, 0.01% of Triton-x 100, 15% of formic acid, and 30% of hexanenitrile.

The fluorescent staining reagent for plasmodium detection comprises the following implementation steps:

1) performing molecular fishing experiment on the specific components of the plasmodium to obtain the compound micromolecule specifically combined with the plasmodium, wherein the molecular formula of the compound is (4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino) -2-carboxyl-1-diethylaminotoluene

2) Modifying and marking fluorescein on the compound micromolecules specifically combined with the plasmodium, and purifying by a column to obtain the specific fluorescein marked micromolecules.

3) The specific fluorescein labeled small molecule is dissolved in an aqueous solution of 15% formic acid and 30% hexanenitrile according to the concentration of 25mg/ml to be used as a mother solution.

4) Buffer system is prepared, containing 0.5mg/ml of Evans blue, PBS buffer system, 5mg/ml of BSA, 0.05% DMSO, 0.01% Triton-x 100.

5) Preparing a working solution: 1/50 volumes of specific fluorescein labeled small molecule mother solution were added to the buffer system.

6) Dripping 20 microliter of sample to be detected on the prepared glass slide, dripping 10 microliter of working solution and mixing uniformly.

7) Observation by fluorescence microscope

8) And (3) detection results: red blood cells with fluorescent signals were observed to be positive, otherwise negative.

The specific component of the plasmodium refers to a nucleosome structure shared by five plasmodium.

The compound micromolecules specifically bound by the plasmodium refer to compound molecules which are screened out from a chemical molecule library and can be specifically bound with plasmodium nucleosome structures.

The specific fluorescein labeled small molecule is a product of cross-linking reaction of a compound small molecule specifically combined with plasmodium and a fluorescein molecule.

The mother solution is a high-concentration preservation solution of specific fluorescein labeled small molecules.

The buffer system is a working system of specific fluorescein labeled small molecules.

The detection result refers to analysis of an image observed by a fluorescence microscope. Red blood cells containing plasmodium have certain fluorescence intensity, and red blood cells and other cells in normal blood are all background color or black.

The preparation steps of the fluorescence staining reagent for plasmodium detection are as follows:

1) modifying and marking fluorescein on chemical molecules screened from a chemical molecule library to obtain specific fluorescein marked small molecules

2) Specific fluorescein labeled small molecules are prepared into high-concentration preservation solution

3) Preparing specific fluorescein labeled small molecules into working solution

4) Taking 1.05ml of the working solution, filling the working solution into a 2ml brown glass bottle, and covering the bottle cap with a sealing ring

5) And (3) filling the reagent bottles into tin foil bags, and carrying out heat sealing on the tin foil bags.

Compared with the existing plasmodium detection method, the method has the following advantages:

1) the project adopts a specific fluorescent reagent to carry out fluorescence labeling on plasmodium bodies, red blood cells infected by the plasmodium bodies are brightened under a fluorescence microscope because of fluorescein specifically combined in the reagent, and cells not infected by the plasmodium bodies are background color or black, so that the red blood cells are very easy to identify, the requirement on inspectors is low, and the detection rate can be improved.

2) The project adopts compound micromolecules to replace antibodies to carry out product design. The small molecule compound has strong penetrating power and can enter cells without penetrating the cells. Therefore, the method does not need to perform lengthy operation time such as cell fixation, permeation, incubation, elution and the like, and has the advantage of detection time

3) And (3) labeling the small molecular compound by using fluorescein. And the one-step malaria detection can be realized, and the operation process is simple. The fluorescence staining reagent and the blood to be detected are mixed on a glass slide, and then the glass slide can be placed under a fluorescence microscope for observation.

4) An absolute count of plasmodium infected erythrocytes can be performed.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bottle containing fluorescent staining reagent for plasmodium detection

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the procedure of using a fluorescent staining reagent for plasmodium detection

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of positive Plasmodium

FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing showing the results of Plasmodium negativity

Detailed description of the invention

Referring to the attached figure 1, take out the fluorescent staining solution of plasmodium and throw the reagent bottle lightly to make the liquid in the bottle reach the bottom.

Referring to FIG. 2, 20. mu.L of a blood sample to be tested was taken on a clean slide; opening the reagent bottle and taking 10 mu L of the reagent bottle to be placed on a glass sheet of the object to be detected; and covering a clean cover glass for fluorescent microscope observation.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, red blood cell images showing fluorescence signals indicate positive Plasmodium; the cell image showed no fluorescence signal and was negative.