1. The utility model provides a formula of floating tubulose deposit and go up water collection system, it comprises handle, annular counter weight suspension gasbag, load dish, porous elasticity clamp, sampling pipe, bracing piece, buffer spring post, screw knob, compression CO2 gas cylinder, counter weight, trigger device, gas-supply pipe and annular float gasbag, its characterized in that: the handle is arranged at the upper part of the device, the lower end of the handle is connected with the supporting rod through a spiral connector, the lower end of the supporting rod is connected with the center of the upper surface of the load disc, the annular counterweight suspension air bag and the annular floating air bag are arranged above the load disc, the center of the lower end surface of the load disc is provided with a compressed CO2 gas cylinder with a downward cylinder opening, the trigger device is arranged right below the cylinder opening of the compressed CO2 gas cylinder and is communicated with the annular floating air bag through a gas pipe, the buffer spring column is provided with an upper group of porous elastic clamps and a lower group of porous elastic clamps, the upper end of the buffer spring column is uniformly arranged on small holes on the circumference of the load disc, the lower end of the buffer spring column is connected with the lower group of porous elastic clamps, the plurality of sampling pipes are arranged in the two groups of porous elastic clamps, the porous elastic clamps are fastened by a screw knob, and the counterweight is arranged on the load disc and the supporting rod;

the upper end of the sampling pipe is provided with a drainage cover, and the lower end of the sampling pipe is provided with an arched elastic sheet.

2. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the trigger device is a steel air needle with the diameter of 1mm and compresses CO₂The opening of the gas cylinder is a jaw cover.

3. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 2, wherein: compressing CO₂The mouth and the jaw cover of the gas cylinder adopt a rubber head and an aluminum cover.

4. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the handle and the support rod are made of rubber and stainless steel materials respectively.

5. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the annular counterweight suspension air bag and the annular floating air bag have the outer diameter of 50cm, the inner diameter of 20cm and the height of 15 cm.

6. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the porous elastic clamp is made of stainless steel and is 3cm wide.

7. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the sampling tube is made of hard PVC, and has an inner diameter of 4cm, an outer diameter of 4.2cm and a length of 80 cm.

8. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the arched elastic sheet is made of a plastic sheet.

9. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the screw knob is made of stainless steel and has a diameter of 0.6 cm.

10. The buoyant tubular sediment and overlying water collection device of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the small holes on the periphery of the weight plate is 2 cm.

Background

At present, eutrophication of water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers becomes a common concern ecological environment problem all over the world, and excessive input of biogenic factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus is considered to be a key factor for causing eutrophication of water bodies. As an important component of the water ecosystem, sediments not only accumulate nutrients carried by surface runoff for a long time, but in certain cases (temperature, hydrology and redox environment) these nutrients are also released again to the overlying water body through the sediment-water interface, constituting an endogenous pollution risk. Although the release of nutrients at the sediment-water interface is paid considerable attention, the lack of an efficient and convenient underwater collecting device makes it difficult to obtain a large number of undisturbed and well-ordered cylindrical sediment samples, which increases the difficulty in monitoring such ecological environments. The existing sediment and overlying water collecting devices adopt piston type, grab bucket type, gravity inserted bar type or electrified collecting power platforms. However, the above devices all suffer from the following drawbacks: firstly, a piston type sampler collects sediments by utilizing the difference of internal and external pressure of a sample tube, the collection tube is required to be pressed downwards in the collection process, a piston core rod is required to be pulled upwards, and the piston type sampler is only suitable for the environment of shallow water of 1-5 m; secondly, the grab type sampler can only collect mixed surface sediments within 0-15 cm, so that the original collection of the sediments cannot be guaranteed, and the overlying water at the same point cannot be collected; thirdly, the inserted rod type sampler needs to be held by an operator and kept vertical to the water surface, the sampler is dragged out of the water surface after being inserted into the sediment by self weight, a large amount of physical energy is consumed in the whole sampling process, and the upper end of the sampling pipe needs to be sealed to prevent the sample from being peeled off in the dragging process; when all the samplers sinking by gravity fall into water, the device is easy to incline, and the sampling success rate is reduced; fifthly, in some water areas with deep sediment thickness and hard texture, operators can hardly bear higher sampler weight, which greatly limits the acquisition of deeper samples; and sixthly, the electrified sampling device depending on the ship can overcome the defects and save labor, but is expensive in manufacturing cost, large in size and needs a mother ship with sufficient electric power.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a floating type tubular sediment and overlying water collection device, aiming at solving the problems that the existing device is only used for shallow water, the original collection of sediment cannot be ensured, the overlying water at the same point cannot be collected, a large amount of physical energy is consumed, a sample is easy to peel off, the device is easy to incline, and the sampling success rate is reduced, and the specific technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:

the invention relates to a floating type tubular sediment and overlying water collecting device, which comprises a handle, an annular balance weight suspension air bag, a load disc, a porous elastic clamp, a sampling pipe, a supporting rod, a buffer spring column, a screw knob, and compressed CO₂The air bottle comprises an air bottle, a balance weight, a trigger device, an air delivery pipe and an annular floating air bag, wherein the handle is arranged on the upper part of the device, the lower end of the handle is connected with a supporting rod through a spiral connector, the lower end of the supporting rod is connected with the circle center of the upper surface of a load disc, the annular balance weight suspension air bag and the annular floating air bag are arranged above the load disc, and the circle center of the lower end surface of the load disc is provided with compressed CO with a downward bottle opening₂The gas cylinder and the trigger device are arranged in the compressed CO₂The gas cylinder is arranged under the opening of the gas cylinder and is communicated with the annular floating airbag through a gas pipe, an upper group of porous elastic clamps and a lower group of porous elastic clamps are arranged on the buffering spring column, the upper end of the buffering spring column is uniformly arranged on small holes on the circumference of the load disc, the lower end of the buffering spring column 7 is connected with the lower group of porous elastic clamps, a plurality of sampling pipes are arranged in the two groups of porous elastic clamps, the porous elastic clamps are fastened by screw knobs, and the balance weight is arranged on the load disc and the support rod;

the upper end of the sampling pipe is provided with a drainage cover, and the lower end of the sampling pipe is provided with an arched elastic sheet.

The floating type tubular sediment and overlying water collecting device has the advantages that: firstly, a balance weight can be loaded on a suspended device, so that the physical consumption caused by holding the whole device by hand is reduced, meanwhile, the device inclination caused when the device falls into water can be avoided, and the sampling success rate is increased; secondly, the sample is recovered through the air bag, so that the physical consumption caused by manual dragging is further reduced; synchronously collecting a plurality of groups of sediment-overlying water samples to meet the repeated requirement of the test; fourthly, further reducing the loss caused by falling off; fifthly, the device is convenient to operate and low in manufacturing cost. The invention is widely suitable for different water areas.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a drain cap at an upper end of a sampling tube, fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an arch-shaped spring at a lower end of the sampling tube, fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cross section of a porous elastic clip, fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of a trigger 11 in fig. 1 when it is sunken, fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view of the trigger 11 in fig. 1 when it is floated, and fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a ring-shaped weight ring in fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, and 4. The embodiment comprises a handle 1, an annular counterweight suspension air bag 2-1, an annular floating air bag 2-2, a loading disc 3, a porous elastic clamp 4, a sampling tube 5, a support rod 6, a buffer spring column 7, a screw knob 8 and compressed CO₂The air bottle comprises an air bottle 9, a counterweight 10, a trigger device 11 and an air conveying pipe 12, wherein a handle 1 is arranged at the upper part of the device, the lower end of the handle 1 is connected with a support rod 6 through a spiral connector, the lower end of the support rod 6 is connected with the center of a circle on the upper surface of a weight bearing plate 3, an annular counterweight suspension air bag 2-1 and an annular floating air bag 2-2 are arranged above the weight bearing plate, and the center of a circle on the lower end surface of the weight bearing plate 3 is provided with compressed CO with a downward bottle mouth₂The gas cylinder 9 and the trigger device 11 are arranged in the compressed CO₂The upper end of the buffering spring column 7 is uniformly arranged on small holes on the circumference of the load disc 3 and movably connected, so that the buffering and triggering functions of the spring 7 are ensured; the lower end of a buffer spring column 7 is connected with a lower group of porous elastic clamps 4, a plurality of sampling pipes 5 are arranged in the two groups of porous elastic clamps 4, the porous elastic clamps 4 are fastened by screw knobs, and a balance weight 10 is arranged on a load disc 3 and a support rod 6;

the upper end of the sampling pipe 5 is provided with a drainage cover 5-1, and the lower end is provided with an arched shrapnel 5-2.

The arched shrapnel 5-2 can prevent the collected sample from falling off when the device floats upwards.

The second embodiment is as follows: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The trigger device 11 of the present embodiment is a steel gas needle with a diameter of 1mm, compressing CO₂The opening of the gas cylinder 9 is a jaw cover (rubber head and aluminum cover)

The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The handle 1 and the support rod 6 are made of rubber and stainless steel respectively.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The annular counterweight suspending air bag 2 and the annular floating air bag 13 in the embodiment have an outer diameter of 60cm, an inner diameter of 20cm and a height of 20 cm.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 and 4. The porous elastic clamp 4 of the present embodiment is made of stainless steel and has a width of 3 cm.

The sixth specific implementation mode: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The sampling tube 5 of the embodiment is made of hard PVC, and has an inner diameter of 4cm, an outer diameter of 4.2cm and a length of 80 cm.

The seventh embodiment: this embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 and 3. The arched elastic sheet 5-2 in the embodiment adopts a plastic sheet.

The specific implementation mode is eight: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The screw knob 8 in the present embodiment is made of stainless steel and has a diameter of 0.6 cm.

The detailed implementation mode is ten: this embodiment is described in conjunction with fig. 1. The counterweights 10 described in the present embodiment are ring-shaped 15kg, 10kg, 5kg, and 3kg stainless steel blocks having an inner diameter of 2.6cm, respectively.

The working principle is as follows:

firstly, an annular balance weight suspension air bag 2 of the device is inflated by an air pump through an air delivery pipe, the device is vertically and slowly placed in water by holding a handle 1 with two hands, the whole sampling device can vertically float in a water area to be sampled under the buoyancy action of the annular balance weight suspension air bag 2, the handle 1 is rotated and unscrewed to install a fixed annular balance weight 10 on a loading disc 3 and a supporting rod 6 (the balance weight 10 on the loading disc 3 is properly increased and decreased according to the sampling depth or the texture of deep sediments of the handle 1), the handle 1 is restored to the original position to complete balance weight, and the air delivery pipe and the annular balance weight are used for balancing the air delivery pipe and the annular balance weightThe suspension air bag 2-1 is disconnected, the air in the annular counterweight suspension air bag 2-1 is emptied, the whole device can quickly and vertically fall into the water bottom under the action of gravity, the sampling tube 5 is inserted into the sediment for collecting the sediment and the overlying water, and the buffer spring column 7 is compressed under the pressure of the counterweight 10 when the sampling tube 5 is inserted into the sediment to trigger the trigger device 11 between the lower end of the load disc 3 and the sampling tube 5 (namely, the steel air needle 11-1 of the trigger device 11 punctures and compresses CO)₂The mouth of the gas cylinder 9)), compressing CO₂CO in the gas cylinder 9₂The annular upward floating air bag 2-2 is filled with gas rapidly through the air conveying pipe 12, under the action of the buoyancy of the annular upward floating air bag 2-2, the device floats out of the water surface, the lower balance weight 10 is disassembled, the device is pulled out of a sampling water area vertically, the sampling pipe 5 is disassembled, and plugs are installed at two ends (preventing the overflow of the overlying water or the infiltration of pore water), so that the sampling of three groups of sediments and the overlying water is completed.

The description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention defined in the claims.