1. A method for testing the performance of special motor vehicles in a field or a factory is characterized by comprising the following steps:

measuring the idle braking stopping distance of a field or a factory vehicle;

measuring a first light-load braking distance of a yard or a factory vehicle when a test load of a first weight is loaded;

measuring a second light-load braking distance of the yard or the factory vehicle when the yard or the factory vehicle is loaded with a second weight of test load;

obtaining a mathematical model of the braking distance under any load according to the energy conservation principle based on the no-load braking distance, the first weight, the second weight, the first light-load braking distance and the second light-load braking distance;

and calculating the relation between the loading of the field or plant vehicle and the braking distance according to the obtained mathematical model of the braking distance under any load, and obtaining the braking distance when the field or plant vehicle loads the rated load.

2. The on-site or in-plant dedicated motor vehicle performance inspection test method according to claim 1, wherein the measuring the on-site or in-plant vehicle idle braking distance comprises:

parking a no-load field or a factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the empty-load field or the factory vehicle.

3. The on-site or in-plant dedicated motor vehicle performance inspection test method according to claim 1, wherein the measuring the first light-load stopping distance of the on-site or in-plant vehicle when the on-site or in-plant vehicle is loaded with the test weight of the first weight comprises:

loading a test load with a first weight on a load center of a field or a factory vehicle, and parking the field or the factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle carrying the test load with the first weight.

4. The in-field or in-plant special motor vehicle performance inspection test method according to claim 1,

the second light load stopping distance of the measuring yard or the factory vehicle when the second weight of the test weight is loaded comprises:

loading a test load with a second weight on a load center of the field or the factory vehicle, and parking the field or the factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle carrying the test load with the second weight.

5. The performance test method for motor vehicles dedicated for use in factories or factories according to claim 1, wherein if the factory or factory vehicle is a forklift, the forklift is placed on a hard and dry road surface having a lateral gradient perpendicular to the running direction of not more than 2% and a longitudinal gradient in the running direction of not more than 0.5% when the measurement of the stopping distance is performed;

if the field or factory vehicle is a sightseeing vehicle or a sightseeing train, when the braking distance is measured, the slope of the road surface where the sightseeing vehicle is located is equal to the downhill direction of the maximum running slope in the field or factory running route.

6. The performance test method for motor vehicles dedicated for use in factories or factories according to claim 1, characterized in that when measuring the stopping distance, the distance from the instant when the brake pedal of the factory or factory vehicle is depressed to the complete stop of the vehicle is measured.

7. The method for testing performance of motor vehicles dedicated for use in factories or factories according to claim 1, wherein brakes of the factories or factories are in a cold state before the testing is carried out.

8. The on-site or in-plant special motor vehicle performance inspection test method according to claim 1, wherein the mathematical model of stopping distance under any load is as follows:

wherein S₀For empty braking distances of yards or plants, m₁And m₂Respectively a first weight and a second weight, S₁And S₂A first light load stop distance and a second light load stop distance, respectively. m is_ArbitraryFor any load, S_ArbitraryThe stopping distance under any load.

9. The method for testing performance of motor vehicle dedicated for use in factory or on site as claimed in claim 8, wherein said factory or said vehicle is loaded with a rated load with a braking distance S_{Forehead load}The calculation formula of (1) is in accordance with:

wherein m is_{Forehead load}Is the rated load.

Background

The special motor vehicle in the field or factory is one of eight kinds of special equipment in China, according to the regulations, the use units of the field or factory belonging to the field of special equipment should apply for the first inspection before being put into use, and apply for the periodic inspection before the expiration of the inspection validity, according to the relevant safety technical specification, the braking performance measurement of the field or factory is mainly verified by the no-load and rated load braking tests, during the inspection and measurement, the distance from the vehicle position to the stop at the moment when the driver begins to step on the braking pedal with the foot is measured, and whether the braking performance of the field or factory meets the requirements is judged by measuring the braking distance corresponding to the emergency braking.

According to the current test method, when a field or plant vehicle braking performance test is carried out, an idle load braking test and a load rated weight test load braking test are required to be carried out respectively. In the actual test process, the measurement method has the problem of poor operability, for example, a 5-ton forklift needs to prepare a test load with the weight of 5 tons, a 23-seat sightseeing vehicle needs to prepare 23 test loads with the weight of 85kg, the test cost is high, and in the actual test, the weight is difficult to prepare according to the standard, so that the performance test cannot be performed strictly according to the requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a method for testing performance of a dedicated motor vehicle in a factory or a factory, so as to solve all or one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

In view of the above, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for testing performance of a dedicated motor vehicle in a field or a factory, comprising:

measuring the idle braking stopping distance of a field or a factory vehicle;

measuring a first light-load braking distance of a yard or a factory vehicle when a test load of a first weight is loaded;

measuring a second light-load braking distance of the yard or the factory vehicle when the yard or the factory vehicle is loaded with a second weight of test load;

obtaining a mathematical model of the braking distance under any load according to the energy conservation principle based on the no-load braking distance, the first weight, the second weight, the first light-load braking distance and the second light-load braking distance;

and calculating the relation between the loading of the field or plant vehicle and the braking distance according to the obtained mathematical model of the braking distance under any load, and obtaining the braking distance when the field or plant vehicle loads the rated load.

Preferably, measuring the empty braking distance of the yard or the mill train comprises:

parking a no-load field or a factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the empty-load field or the factory vehicle.

Preferably, the first light load stopping distance of the measuring yard or the factory vehicle when loading the test weight of the first weight comprises:

loading a test load with a first weight on a load center of a field or a factory vehicle, and parking the field or the factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle carrying the test load with the first weight.

Preferably, the second light load stopping distance of the measuring yard or the factory vehicle when the second weight of the test weight is loaded includes:

loading a test load with a second weight on a load center of the field or the factory vehicle, and parking the field or the factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle carrying the test load with the second weight.

Preferably, if the yard or factory vehicle is a forklift, the forklift is placed on a hard, dry road surface having a lateral gradient perpendicular to the direction of travel of no more than 2% and a longitudinal gradient in the direction of travel of no more than 0.5% when making the braking distance measurement;

if the field or factory vehicle is a sightseeing vehicle or a sightseeing train, when the braking distance is measured, the slope of the road surface where the sightseeing vehicle is located is equal to the downhill direction of the maximum running slope in the field or factory running route.

Preferably, the stopping distance is measured from the instant the field or factory brake pedal is depressed to the point where the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

Preferably, the brakes of the field or factory car are cold before the test is performed.

Preferably, the mathematical model of stopping distance under any load is:

wherein S₀For empty braking distances of yards or plants, m₁And m₂Respectively a first weight and a second weight, S₁And S₂A first light load stop distance and a second light load stop distance, respectively. m is_ArbitraryFor any load, S_ArbitraryThe stopping distance under any load.

Preferably, the braking distance S when the yard or factory vehicle is loaded with a rated load_{Forehead load}The calculation formula of (1) is in accordance with:

wherein m is_{Forehead load}Is the rated load.

From the above, it can be seen that the performance test method for special motor vehicles in a field or a factory provided in one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, by measuring the stopping distance of the field or the factory vehicle in the no-load and 2 times loading light loads with different weights, and calculating the relationship between the loading and stopping distances of the field or the factory vehicle through the mathematical model, the stopping distance of the field or the factory vehicle when loading the rated loads is obtained, compared with the existing test method, the method does not need to load the standard rated test loads, the test weights are not limited by the actual loads, can be obtained locally, is convenient to obtain, greatly reduces the test cost, shortens the time for loading and unloading the test weights to 10% or even lower of the loading and unloading time of the original rated load test, and obtains quality change leap through the test efficiency, the method only needs to load 2 kinds of light loads with any weight, the method has the advantages that the test driver can only stop the vehicle when driving normally, no obvious test pressure exists during the test, the whole test process is safer and more reliable, the test result is infinitely close to the field or the actual condition of the vehicle, the measurement result is accurate and reliable, the test risk is reduced to an acceptable lower level, the method can avoid the influence of the road gradient on the stopping distance, and the real braking performance of the vehicle or the vehicle is visually reflected.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate one or more embodiments or prior art solutions of the present specification, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one or more embodiments of the present specification, and that other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort from these drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a test method according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for performing a test according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test scenario, such as a forklift, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

It is to be noted that unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in one or more embodiments of the present specification should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in one or more embodiments of the specification is not intended to indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.

The special motor vehicle (hereinafter referred to as 'field or factory vehicle') in the field or factory is one of eight types of special equipment in China, the safety performance of the special motor vehicle directly influences the normal production of a using unit, and the braking performance is one of important factors influencing the safe use of the field or factory vehicle. According to the requirements of relevant national laws, regulations, standards and safety technical specifications, the use units of the field or the factory and the vehicle belonging to the special equipment category should apply for the first inspection before the field or the vehicle is put into use, and apply for the regular inspection before the effective period of the inspection. The inspection institutions of special equipment at all levels need to carry out related inspection according to the specifications such as ' special motor vehicle safety technology supervision regulations in factories (TSG N0001-2017) ' motor vehicle supervision and inspection regulations in factories (2002 edition) ', wherein the brake performance inspection test of the factories or the factories is an important item in the safety test project.

The brake performance test is divided into an idle load test and a rated load test, and the specific test and measurement method comprises the following steps: the vehicle is in a standard no-load and rated load running state, wherein the forklift is arranged on a hard and dry concrete/asphalt or equivalent road surface, a straight test runway along a test field or a factory place, the transverse gradient of which along the running direction is not more than 2 percent, and the longitudinal gradient of which along the running direction is not more than 0.5 percent, the vehicle is observed in the downhill direction of the maximum running gradient in the running route of the use field or the factory, when the vehicle speed is uniformly adjusted to a specified test speed, emergency braking (a clutch is released in advance by the diesel forklift), the distance from the position of the vehicle to the stop at the moment when the foot starts to step on a brake pedal is measured, and the vehicle is measured for 2 times when the vehicle runs forwards, namely the vehicle runs for 1 time respectively along the front and the back directions of the field or the factory place. Likewise, the reverse travel was also measured 2 times, the brake should be cold before each test, and the average of 4 measurements was taken. The braking distance of the forklift should meet the braking efficiency specified in the table 1, and the braking distance of the sightseeing bus and the sightseeing train should meet the braking efficiency specified in the table 2.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

According to the measuring method, when the field or plant vehicle braking performance test is carried out, an idle load braking test and a load braking test with rated load need to be carried out respectively. In the actual inspection test process, the measurement method has the following 5 problems, so that the field or plant operability is poor, the time consumption is long, the measurement effect is not good, and the measurement safety has great potential safety hazard, so that the performance inspection cannot be strictly tested according to requirements.

One is that it is difficult to prepare standard test weights for the rated capacity or rated number of passengers at the site or at the factory. For example, a 5-ton forklift needs to prepare a test load of 5 tons, and a 23-seat sightseeing vehicle needs to prepare 23 test loads of 85kg each, which results in high test cost and difficulty in preparing a heavy load according to the standard in actual tests.

Secondly, because the rated test weight of the forklift is placed on the fork, and the standard test weight of the rated passenger carrying number of the sightseeing bus and the sightseeing train is fixed on the seat, the installation of the weight is not firm or reliable, the movement or rolling of the test load can be caused during the braking test, and the great damage is caused to field or factory testers and the field or factory environment.

And in the test and measurement of the braking performance of the field or the factory, the time spent on loading and unloading the test heavy object with rated load accounts for more than 95 percent of the time spent on the whole test process, the test efficiency of the field or factory test is low, and the idle waiting time is long.

And fourthly, if the braking performance of the plant or the factory vehicle is poor, the plant or the factory vehicle loaded with the rated test heavy object plant or the factory vehicle can not be braked due to too long braking distance, the relevant test personnel, equipment, environment and the like are seriously injured, and the test risk is larger.

Fifthly, the brake performance test requires that a driver drives a vehicle to test, such as loading rated test load, and the vehicle is often braked and stopped when not achieving specified actions due to large psychological pressure and burden during operation, so that the test process cannot meet the expected requirements, and the measurement result cannot truly reflect the actual brake performance of the field or plant.

In this regard, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for testing performance of a dedicated motor vehicle in a field or a factory, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:

s101, measuring the idle braking distance of a field or a factory vehicle;

s102, measuring a first light-load braking distance of a field or a factory vehicle when a test load with a first weight is loaded;

s103, measuring a second light-load braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle when a test load with a second weight is loaded;

s104, obtaining a mathematical model of the braking distance under any load according to the energy conservation principle on the basis of the no-load braking distance, the first weight, the second weight, the first light-load braking distance and the second light-load braking distance;

s105, according to the obtained mathematical model of the braking distance under any load, calculating the relation between the loading of the yard or the factory vehicle and the braking distance, and obtaining the braking distance when the yard or the factory vehicle loads a rated load.

The performance test method for special motor vehicles in a field or a factory provided by the embodiment of the specification is characterized in that the braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle under the light load state with any different weight is obtained by measuring the braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle under the no-load and light load state with any different weight for 2 times respectively, a mathematical model of the braking distance under any load is obtained by pushing, and the relation between the field or the factory vehicle load and the braking distance is calculated by the mathematical model, so that the braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle when the field or the factory vehicle loads the rated load is obtained, compared with the existing test method, the standard rated test load does not need to be loaded, the test heavy object is not limited by the actual load, the local material can be obtained, the test cost is greatly reduced, the time for loading and unloading the test heavy object is shortened to 10% or even lower of the loading and unloading time of the original rated load test, the quality change leap is obtained, the method has the advantages that the test driver can only stop the vehicle when driving normally, no obvious test pressure exists during the test, the whole test process is safer and more reliable, the test result is infinitely close to the field or the actual condition of the vehicle, the measurement result is accurate and reliable, the test risk is reduced to an acceptable lower level, the method can avoid the influence of the road gradient on the stopping distance, and the real braking performance of the vehicle or the vehicle is visually reflected.

As an embodiment, the idle braking distance of the measuring field or the factory vehicle includes:

parking a no-load field or a factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant speed running and braking (for example, 2 times) for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the empty load field or the factory vehicle.

The first light-load stopping distance of the measuring yard or the factory vehicle when the test weight with the first weight is loaded comprises the following steps:

loading a test load with a first weight on a load center of a field or a factory vehicle, and parking the field or the factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

and repeating constant-speed running and braking for multiple times, and measuring the average braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle carrying the test load with the first weight.

The second light-load stopping distance of the measuring yard or the factory vehicle when the second weight of the test weight is loaded includes:

loading a test load with a second weight on a load center of the field or the factory vehicle, and parking the field or the factory vehicle on a specified straight line surface;

accelerating a driving field or a factory vehicle to a test speed and keeping running at a constant speed;

stepping down a brake pedal of a field or a factory vehicle to a limit position;

the uniform driving and braking are repeated for a plurality of times, and the average braking distance of the field or the factory vehicle carrying the test load with the second weight is measured, as shown in fig. 2.

As an embodiment, since the field or factory vehicle includes a forklift, a sightseeing vehicle and a sightseeing train, the actual running environment and the braking efficiency are not different, when the braking distance of the forklift is measured, the forklift is placed on a hard and dry road surface (such as concrete, asphalt or equivalent road surface), the transverse gradient along the running direction is not more than 2% and the longitudinal gradient along the running direction is not more than 0.5%, the internal combustion forklift needs to disengage the clutch in advance during emergency braking, and if the sightseeing vehicle or the sightseeing train is used, when the braking distance is measured, the grade of the road surface where the sightseeing vehicle is located is equal to the downhill direction of the maximum running gradient in the field or factory running route.

As another measure of the stopping distance, the vehicle is measured 2 times when traveling forward, i.e., 1 time each in the front and rear directions of the yard or the factory. Likewise, the reverse travel was also measured 2 times, the brake should be cold before each test, and the average of 4 measurements was taken.

In one embodiment, the stopping distance is measured by measuring the distance from the instant the field or plant brake pedal is depressed to the full stop of the vehicle and the field or plant brake is cold before the test is performed. The braking distance of the forklift should meet the braking efficiency specified in the table 1, and the braking distance of the sightseeing bus and the sightseeing train should meet the braking efficiency specified in the table 2.

As an embodiment, the mathematical model of the braking distance under any load is:

wherein S₀For empty braking distances of yards or plants, m₁And m₂Respectively a first weight and a second weight, S₁And S₂A first light load stop distance and a second light load stop distance, respectively. m is_ArbitraryFor any load, S_ArbitraryThe stopping distance under any load.

Braking distance S when loading rated load on yard or factory vehicle_{Forehead load}The calculation formula of (1) is in accordance with:

wherein m is_{Forehead load}Is the rated load.

The brake performance testing procedures of the forklift, the sightseeing bus and the sightseeing train are the same, and the specific embodiment of the method is described by taking the forklift as an example:

a warehouse uses a rated load M (kg) fork truck to load and unload goods, when the braking performance of the fork truck is tested by regular inspection, the maximum running speed of the field or factory vehicle is Vm/s, the running road surface is flat and has no slope, the mass in the field or factory is M respectively₁、m₂(unit: kg) weight. As shown, the field or factory testing procedure is as follows, as shown in FIG. 3.

1. Parking the no-load forklift on a flat straight line surface;

2. starting the no-load forklift, accelerating to a test speed Vm/s and then running at a constant speed;

3. a forklift tester emergently steps on a brake pedal to a limit position and keeps the forklift completely stopped;

4. measuring the distance from the self-testing personnel to the stopping position of the forklift after stepping on the brake pedal, reciprocating for 2 times, and obtaining the average value of the no-load brake stopping distance as S₀；

5. M is to be₁The test weight is loaded on the load center of the forklift parked on a flat straight road surface;

6. starting the forklift, accelerating to a test speed Vm/s and then running at a constant speed;

7. a forklift tester emergently steps on a brake pedal to a limit position and keeps the forklift completely stopped;

8. measuring the distance from the self-testing personnel to the stopping position of the forklift after stepping on the brake pedal, reciprocating for 2 times, and obtaining the average value of the no-load brake stopping distance as S₁；

9. M is to be₂The test weight is loaded on the load center of the forklift parked on a flat straight road surface;

10. starting the forklift, accelerating to a test speed Vm/s and then running at a constant speed;

11. a forklift tester emergently steps on a brake pedal to a limit position and keeps the forklift completely stopped;

12. measuring the distance from the self-testing personnel to the stopping position of the forklift after stepping on the brake pedal, reciprocating for 2 times, and obtaining the average value of the no-load brake stopping distance as S₂；

13. According to the mathematical measurement model established by the invention, the braking and stopping distance S when the loading mass of the forklift is M load is calculated_MThe value of (c).

14. And (5) comparing the table 1, and judging whether the braking performance of the forklift is qualified.

The following table 3 is a set of experimental data of the examples of the present specification, and the braking distance of the yard or the factory vehicle is tested under the conditions of no load, 500kg load, 1000kg load and 3000kg load, and the test result is in accordance with the calculation result of the mathematical model.

TABLE 3

The test method has the advantages of good operability, accurate result, higher safety and suitability for popularization.

Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the spirit of the present disclosure, features from the above embodiments or from different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of one or more embodiments of the present description as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

In addition, well-known power/ground connections to Integrated Circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided figures, for simplicity of illustration and discussion, and so as not to obscure one or more embodiments of the disclosure. Furthermore, devices may be shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the understanding of one or more embodiments of the present description, and this also takes into account the fact that specifics with respect to implementation of such block diagram devices are highly dependent upon the platform within which the one or more embodiments of the present description are to be implemented (i.e., specifics should be well within purview of one skilled in the art). Where specific details (e.g., circuits) are set forth in order to describe example embodiments of the disclosure, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that one or more embodiments of the disclosure can be practiced without, or with variation of, these specific details. Accordingly, the description is to be regarded as illustrative instead of restrictive.

It is intended that the one or more embodiments of the present specification embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.