1. A soil carbon flux measurement system, comprising: the device comprises a carbon flux pool, a measurement signal providing and collecting system and a measurement result processing system;

the carbon flux pool is used for collecting carbon element related gas of soil in a set area and measuring the distribution of the carbon element related gas of the soil in the set area in different height gradient spaces;

the measurement signal supply and collection system is used for supplying measurement signals to the different height gradient spaces and collecting measurement result signals of the different height gradient spaces;

and the measurement result processing system is used for processing the measurement result signal to obtain the carbon element related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces, and obtaining the soil carbon flux according to the distribution condition of the carbon element related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces.

2. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 1, wherein the measurement signal is an optical signal;

the carbon flux cell includes: a plurality of optical reflective cavities disposed in different height gradient spaces;

each optical reflection cavity is used for providing an optical signal measurement path in a horizontal plane; each optical reflection cavity is communicated in the height direction.

3. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 2,

the optical path provided by each optical reflection cavity is sequentially increased along the height increasing direction of the different height gradient space, or

The height along the different height gradient space is increased, the length of each optical reflection cavity is sequentially shortened, and the reflection times of the optical signals reflected by each optical reflection cavity are sequentially increased.

4. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 2, wherein said carbon flux cell further comprises a support frame in which each of said optically reflective cavities is disposed; each optical reflection cavity is movably arranged on the support.

5. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 2, wherein the optical reflective cavity comprises an array of oppositely disposed reflectors, each of the array of reflectors consisting of a signal reflector.

6. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 2, wherein the measurement signal providing and collecting system comprises: the device comprises a laser, a controller and a signal collecting device;

the laser is used for providing laser to the optical reflection cavities of the different height gradient spaces as an optical measurement signal;

the controller is used for controlling the laser to generate the laser;

the signal collecting device is used for collecting the laser output by the optical reflecting cavity in the different height gradient spaces.

7. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 6, wherein the controller comprises a wavelength generation controller, a temperature controller, a compensation control module;

the temperature controller is used for controlling the working temperature of the working medium of the laser;

the wavelength generation controller is used for controlling the wavelength of the laser provided by the laser;

the compensation control module is used for controlling the wavelength of the laser provided by the laser to be a specific wavelength and specific power by compensating the temperature of the working medium of the laser and locking the wavelength generation controller according to the drift condition of the wavelength of the laser along with the temperature of the working medium.

8. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 7, wherein the wavelength generation controller comprises:

a signal generator for providing a scanning signal and a wavelength modulation signal required by the laser

The adder is used for superposing the scanning signal and the wavelength modulation signal to obtain a digital wavelength control signal;

and the control module is used for controlling the wavelength of the laser output by the laser according to the digital wavelength control signal.

9. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 1, wherein the measurement processing system comprises: a first signal processing means and a second signal processing means;

the first signal processing device is used for processing the measurement result signal to obtain the distribution conditions of the carbon element related gas corresponding to different height gradient spaces, wherein the distribution conditions comprise the change relationship of the carbon element related gas concentration of each height gradient space along with the temperature and the measurement time;

and the second signal processing device is used for obtaining the carbon flux of the soil according to the distribution conditions of the carbon element related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces.

10. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 9, wherein the first processing device comprises:

the first sub-processing device is configured to carry out singular value decomposition denoising on the measurement result signal to obtain a first signal subjected to preliminary denoising processing;

the second sub-processing device is configured to perform empirical mode decomposition on the first signal to obtain a plurality of linear steady-state signals included in the first signal, and determine one of the linear steady-state signals as a signal to be processed;

and the third sub-processing device is configured to perform smoothing processing on the signal to be processed based on an SG filtering algorithm improved by a particle swarm algorithm to obtain an accurate signal.

11. The soil carbon flux measurement system of claim 9, wherein the second signal processing means comprises:

the first determining device is used for determining a first change relation of the carbon-carbon element related gas concentrations corresponding to different height gradient spaces along with relative time according to the height of each gradient space of the gas and the gas diffusion speed, wherein: the relative time is determined by the absolute value of the difference between the time determined by the different height distances of the gradient space and the gas diffusion speed and the measured time;

the second determining device is used for determining a first temperature weight of the carbon flux measurement result according to the first change relation and the change relation of the concentration of the carbon element related gas corresponding to the same height gradient space along with time and temperature;

the third determining device is used for determining a second variation relation of the carbon element related gas concentrations corresponding to different height gradient spaces along with the gradient height according to the first variation relation and the first temperature weight;

a result determination module to represent the first variation, the first temperature weight, and the second variation as a measure of soil carbon flux.

Background

Carbon flux (Carbon flux) is one of the most basic concepts in Carbon cycle research, and represents the total amount of Carbon elements in an ecosystem passing through a certain ecological section. Soil carbon flux estimation is a key technical link for researching carbon cycle and carbon balance under the background of global change, and it should be noted that the research on the soil carbon flux is generally realized by researching carbon element related gas above soil, and exemplarily, carbon dioxide gas participating in soil respiration. .

Due to the characteristics of soil, the current commonly used soil carbon flux research system is usually a soil surface multipoint measurement device and a centralized measurement control device, the multipoint measurement device is usually a carbon dioxide sensor, and the centralized measurement control device continuously observes. The existing measuring system cannot effectively and finely measure the carbon flux of soil.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the embodiment of this application is to provide a soil carbon flux measurement system to solve prior art's not enough.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a soil carbon flux measuring system, including: the device comprises a carbon flux pool, a measurement signal providing and collecting system and a measurement result processing system;

the carbon flux pool is used for collecting carbon element related gas of soil in a set area and measuring the distribution of the carbon element related gas of the soil in the set area in different height gradient spaces;

the measurement signal supply and collection system is used for supplying measurement signals to the different height gradient spaces and collecting measurement result signals of the different height gradient spaces;

and the measurement result processing system is used for processing the measurement result signal to obtain the carbon element related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces, and obtaining the soil carbon flux according to the distribution condition of the carbon element related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the measuring signal is an optical signal;

the carbon flux cell includes: a plurality of optical reflective cavities disposed in different height gradient spaces;

each optical reflection cavity is used for providing an optical signal measurement path in a horizontal plane; each optical reflection cavity is communicated in the height direction.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the optical paths provided by the optical reflection cavities are sequentially increased along the height increasing direction of the different height gradient spaces, or

The height along the different height gradient space is increased, the length of each optical reflection cavity is sequentially shortened, and the reflection times of the optical signals reflected by each optical reflection cavity are sequentially increased.

Optionally, the carbon flux cell further includes a support for disposing each optical reflection cavity; each optical reflection cavity is movably arranged on the support.

In the soil carbon flux measuring system, the optical reflection cavity optionally comprises an array of oppositely arranged reflectors, each array of reflectors consisting of a signal reflector.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the measurement signal providing and collecting system comprises: the device comprises a laser, a controller and a signal collecting device;

the laser is used for providing laser to the optical reflection cavities of the different height gradient spaces as an optical measurement signal;

the controller is used for controlling the laser to generate the laser;

the signal collecting device is used for collecting the laser output by the optical reflecting cavity in the different height gradient spaces.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the controller includes a wavelength generation controller, a temperature controller, and a compensation control module;

the temperature controller is used for controlling the working temperature of the working medium of the laser;

the wavelength generation controller is used for controlling the wavelength of the laser provided by the laser;

the compensation control module is used for controlling the wavelength of the laser provided by the laser to be a specific wavelength and specific power by compensating the temperature of the working medium of the laser and locking the wavelength generation controller according to the drift condition of the wavelength of the laser along with the temperature of the working medium.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the wavelength generation controller includes:

a signal generator for providing a scanning signal and a wavelength modulation signal required by the laser

The adder is used for superposing the scanning signal and the wavelength modulation signal to obtain a digital wavelength control signal;

and the control module is used for controlling the wavelength of the laser output by the laser according to the digital wavelength control signal.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the measurement result processing system includes: a first signal processing means and a second signal processing means;

the first signal processing device is used for processing the measurement result signal to obtain the distribution conditions of the carbon element related gas corresponding to different height gradient spaces, wherein the distribution conditions comprise the change relationship of the carbon element related gas concentration of each height gradient space along with the temperature and the measurement time;

and the second signal processing device is used for obtaining the carbon flux of the soil according to the distribution conditions of the carbon element related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the first processing device includes:

the first sub-processing device is configured to carry out singular value decomposition denoising on the measurement result signal to obtain a first signal subjected to preliminary denoising processing;

the second sub-processing device is configured to perform empirical mode decomposition on the first signal to obtain a plurality of linear steady-state signals included in the first signal, and determine one of the linear steady-state signals as a signal to be processed;

and the third sub-processing device is configured to perform smoothing processing on the signal to be processed based on an SG filtering algorithm improved by a particle swarm algorithm to obtain an accurate signal.

The soil carbon flux measuring system as described above, optionally, the second signal processing device includes:

the first determining device is used for determining a first change relation of the carbon-carbon element related gas concentrations corresponding to different height gradient spaces along with relative time according to the height of each gradient space of the gas and the gas diffusion speed, wherein: the relative time is determined by the absolute value of the difference between the time determined by the different height distances of the gradient space and the gas diffusion speed and the measured time;

the second determining device is used for determining a first temperature weight of the carbon flux measurement result according to the first change relation and the change relation of the concentration of the carbon element related gas corresponding to the same height gradient space along with time and temperature;

the third determining device is used for determining a second variation relation of the carbon element related gas concentrations corresponding to different height gradient spaces along with the gradient height according to the first variation relation and the first temperature weight;

a result determination module to represent the first variation, the first temperature weight, and the second variation as a measure of soil carbon flux.

As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, by providing the carbon flux cell, the measurement signal providing and collecting system, and the measurement result processing system, the concentration distribution conditions of the carbon element-related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces can be obtained, and the measurement result of the carbon flux of the soil can be obtained according to the concentration distribution conditions of the carbon element-related gas corresponding to the different height gradient spaces, so that the refinement and the effectiveness of the carbon flux measurement of the soil are ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a soil carbon flux measurement system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2-1 provides a schematic illustration of an optical signal reflected within an optically reflective cavity to provide an optical signal measurement path;

2-2 provide a schematic illustration of an optical signal reflected within an optically reflective cavity to provide an optical signal measurement path;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structure provided with a plurality of optical reflective cavities according to this embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measurement system according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measurement system according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measurement system according to still another embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a soil carbon flux measurement system provided in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1, the soil carbon flux measurement system includes: a carbon flux cell 1, a measurement signal supply and collection system 2, and a measurement result processing system 3.

The carbon flux pool is used for collecting carbon element related gas of soil in a set area and measuring the distribution of the carbon element related gas of the soil in the set area in different height gradient spaces; the measurement signal supply and collection system is used for supplying measurement signals to the different height gradient spaces and collecting measurement result signals of the different height gradient spaces; and the measurement result processing system is used for processing the measurement result signals to obtain the concentration distribution conditions of the carbon element related gases corresponding to the different height gradient spaces, and obtaining the measurement result of the carbon flux of the soil according to the concentration distribution conditions of the carbon element related gases corresponding to the different height gradient spaces.

In the embodiment, the carbon flux pool, the measurement signal providing and collecting system and the measurement result processing system are arranged to obtain the carbon concentration distribution conditions corresponding to different height gradient spaces, and the measurement result of the carbon flux of the soil can be obtained according to the carbon concentration distribution conditions corresponding to the different height gradient spaces, so that the refinement and effectiveness of the carbon flux measurement of the soil are ensured.

As a specific implementation of the present application, the carbon flux cell needs to have measuring devices in different height gradient spaces, and the measuring device may be a signal sensor measuring device, or a measuring device based on a measuring path of a measuring signal, for example, the measuring signal is an electrical signal or an optical signal, and as a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the measuring signal is an optical signal; the carbon flux cell includes: the optical reflection cavities are arranged in different height gradient spaces and are respectively used for providing an optical signal measurement path in a horizontal plane; each optical reflection cavity is communicated in the height direction.

The optical reflection cavities which can provide the measurement path of the optical signal are used as carbon flux pools, and the optical reflection cavities are communicated in the height direction, so that the soil carbon flux (namely, the carbon element related gas related to the soil) measurement of different height gradient spaces of the carbon flux pools based on the optical measurement can be realized, the ecological environment system where the soil is located cannot be damaged, and the emission condition of the actual greenhouse gas in the field, namely the carbon flux, can be truly reflected under the natural environment condition in the field without interfering the soil.

As an embodiment of the present application, along a height increasing direction of the different height gradient space, an optical path provided by each of the optically reflective cavities increases sequentially, and the optically reflective cavities are used for providing a measurement path of an optical signal; the increase of the optical path is beneficial to improving the detection precision, along with the height increasing directions of different height gradient spaces, the carbon element related gas related to soil, such as carbon dioxide gas exhaled by soil, occurs in the diffusion dilution degree direction and the horizontal direction, the farther height direction from the soil surface, the stronger the diffusion dilution effect of the soil is, the carbon dioxide content in the height gradient space farther from the soil surface can still be accurately measured by regularly arranging the optical path, the exemplary optical path is sequentially increased, the parameter correction can be subsequently performed on the basis of the quantity path, and the accuracy and the effectiveness of the measurement result are ensured.

As an embodiment of the present application, the heights along the different height gradient spaces are increased, the lengths of the optical reflection cavities are sequentially shortened, and the reflection times of the optical signal reflected by the optical reflection cavities are sequentially increased.

FIG. 2-1 provides a schematic illustration of an optical signal reflected within an optical reflective cavity to provide a measurement path, where 11 is an example of a first mirror comprising the optical reflective cavity, 12 is an example of a second mirror comprising the optical reflective cavity, 111 is an incident light entrance, and 121 is an exit light exit; it should be noted that: the shapes of the first reflector and the second reflector are not limited to the planar shapes shown in the figure, but may also be arcs corresponding to spherical surfaces, and the optical reflection paths provided by the optical reflection cavities formed by the reflectors in different shapes are different, and this embodiment is not shown in detail, where: the optical path between the incident light entrance and the emergent light exit is an optical signal measuring path, considering that the optical path depends on the product of the length of the optical reflection cavity and the reflection times of the optical signal in the optical reflection cavity with the preset length. In the carbon flux measurement process based on the carbon flux pool, the preset length of the optical reflection cavity determines the measurement area, the measurement area is limited by sequentially shortening the length of each optical reflection cavity along the height increase of the different height gradient spaces, and meanwhile, the reflection times of the reflected light signals of each optical reflection cavity are sequentially increased to ensure the high-precision measurement of the limited measurement area. As an embodiment of the present application, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a structure provided with a plurality of optical reflective cavities according to this embodiment, and as shown in fig. 3, the carbon flux cell further includes a support 2 provided with each optical reflective cavity; the first mirror 11 and the second mirror 12 of each optical reflection cavity are movably arranged on the support 2. Illustratively, each optical reflection cavity can be arranged on the support 2 up and down or/and left and right. The bracket which is movably provided with each optical reflection cavity can meet the flexible and integrated installation of each optical reflection cavity in different height gradient spaces.

As a preferred mode of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-2, fig. 2-2 provides a schematic diagram of a measurement path provided by reflection of an optical signal in an optical reflection cavity, wherein the optical reflection cavity may include two reflector arrays disposed oppositely, 21 is an example of the reflector arrays constituting the optical reflection cavity, each reflector array 21 corresponds to one reflector (i.e. the first reflector 11 and the second reflector 12), the reflector array is an array of signal reflectors 211, adjustment of the optical path length and the range between the two oppositely disposed reflector arrays can be realized by setting the reflection angle of the signal reflector in each reflector array, the optical reflection cavity composed of the two oppositely disposed reflector arrays can realize comprehensive monitoring of soil in a set area by directly disposing the first reflector and the second reflector to constitute the optical reflection cavity, and the length adjustment of the optical path is more flexible. Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measuring system according to an embodiment of the present application, and as an embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 4, where the measurement signal providing and collecting system 2 includes: a laser 21, a controller 22, a signal collection device 23;

the laser 21 is used for providing laser light to the optical reflection cavities of the different height gradient spaces as an optical measurement signal; the controller 22 is configured to control the laser to generate the laser light; the signal collecting device 23 is configured to collect the laser output by the optical reflective cavity in the different height gradient spaces.

Specifically, the laser 21 may be a tunable semiconductor laser, and the plurality of lasers 21 may be a plurality of lasers, and the plurality of lasers respectively provide measurement signals to the optical reflection cavities of different height gradient spaces; the laser 21 may be one, and one laser output from one laser is split into a plurality of lasers for the different height gradient spaces by the optical power splitting device 24. Optionally, in this embodiment, the measurement signal providing and collecting system further includes: an optical power equally dividing device 24; the optical power equally-dividing device 24 is configured to split a laser beam output by the laser into a plurality of laser beams for the different height gradient spaces, so as to implement integration based on the optical signal measurement system, and ensure uniformity of measurement signals received by the optical reflection cavities, so as to ensure accuracy of measurement results. It should be noted that the lines from the optical power equally dividing device 24 to the carbon flux cell 1 to the signal collecting device 23 shown in fig. 4 are only examples of the existence of multiple optical measurement paths, and do not represent actual optical paths, and it is understood that these lines are only examples.

The controller 22 is a general name of a control module for controlling the laser 21 to generate the laser, and as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measurement system according to another embodiment of the present application, where the controller 22 includes a wavelength generation controller 221, a temperature controller 222, and a compensation control module 223.

Wherein: the temperature controller 221 is configured to control an operating temperature of an operating medium of the laser; the wavelength generation controller 222 is configured to control the wavelength of the laser provided by the laser; the compensation control module 223 is configured to control the wavelength of the laser provided by the laser to be a specific wavelength and a specific power by compensating the temperature of the working medium of the laser and locking the wavelength generation controller according to the drift condition of the wavelength of the laser along with the temperature of the working medium.

The controller 22 comprising the wavelength generation controller 221, the temperature controller 222 and the compensation control module 223 is arranged to realize the accurate control of the wavelength and the frequency of the laser output laser based on the temperature compensation control and the wavelength locking, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the measurement result.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measuring system according to yet another embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 6, in which the wavelength generation controller 222 includes: a signal generator 2221, a summer 2222, and a control module 2223. Wherein: a signal generator 2221, configured to provide a scanning signal and a wavelength modulation signal adder 2222 required by the laser, and configured to superimpose the scanning signal and the wavelength modulation signal to obtain a digital wavelength control signal; a control module 2223, configured to control the wavelength of the laser output by the laser according to the digital wavelength control signal.

The above embodiment provides a laser based on the operation of a signal generator, an adder, a control module, a temperature controller, and a compensation control module, and when the laser is used for measuring carbon flux, the laser can ensure the wavelength and power of an optical signal required by measurement, thereby ensuring the accuracy of a measurement result.

In particular, the signal collecting device 23 may be an optical signal detecting device, and for example, the optical signal detecting device may be a probe disposed at an exit light port of the optical reflection cavity.

Referring to fig. 4, in the soil carbon flux measuring system provided in this embodiment, the measurement result processing system 3 includes: first signal processing means 31 and second signal processing means 32;

under the same geographical environment, soil contains the same microorganisms such as plant roots, clastic animals, fungi and the like, and the number of the microorganisms contained in the soil is stable in the area of the same plant roots, so that the carbon element gas change in a certain area measured under the condition of no damage to the soil can replace the carbon element gas change in the whole area of the same plant roots. Due to the sealing property around the box body, the convection property of the gas near the ground of the measured area is controlled, so that the gas is diffused towards the vertical direction. Thereby obtaining the carbon element related gas distribution conditions with different height gradients.

The first signal processing device 31 is configured to process the measurement result signal to obtain distribution conditions of the carbon element-related gas corresponding to different height gradient spaces, where the distribution conditions include a change relationship between the concentration of the carbon element-related gas in each height gradient space along with temperature and measurement time; and the second signal processing device 32 is configured to obtain a measurement result of the carbon flux of the soil according to the concentration distribution conditions of the carbon element-related gas corresponding to different height gradient spaces.

Specifically, the first signal processing device 31 and the second signal processing device 32 may be configured by hardware, or may be configured by a software program based on a hardware architecture, for example, a data processing algorithm based on an FPGA data processing architecture.

In order to ensure the accuracy of processing the measurement result signal, as an embodiment of the present application, the first signal processing device 31 processes the measurement result signal, and obtaining the distribution of the carbon fluxes corresponding to the different height gradient spaces includes: the measurement result signal is denoised to obtain an accurate signal, and the accurate signal is analyzed to obtain the concentration of the carbon-related gas, so the first signal processing device 31 may include a first processing device and a second processing device.

The first processing device is configured to perform denoising processing on the measurement result signal to obtain an accurate signal; the second processing device is configured to perform analysis processing on the confirmation signal to obtain the carbon element-related gas concentration.

Correspondingly, the first processing device of the application is provided with a method for denoising a measurement result signal, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

step S1, singular value decomposition denoising is carried out on the measurement result signal, and a first signal of preliminary denoising processing is obtained;

specifically, the singular value noise reduction principle is that for a noisy signal a (n), it can be described as a non-noisy signal b (n) and a noisy signal c (n), as shown in the following formula:

a(n)＝b(n)+c(n)；n＝1,2,...,N

the noisy signal can be constructed into an e x k dimensional Hankel matrix A_a：

Wherein 1< k < N, N is the number of elements in a (N), and e + k is N + 1.

For matrix A_a∈R^e*kThere is an orthogonal matrix U of dimensions e x m and an orthogonal matrix V of dimensions k x m, such that A_aSingular value decomposition may be performed such that A_a＝UΣV^TWhere Σ is a non-negative diagonal matrix of m × m, and Σ can be expressed as:

wherein, P is diag (sigma 1, sigma 2, …, sigma k), wherein sigma 1 is more than or equal to sigma 2 is more than or equal to … is more than or equal to sigma k …>0.σ 1, σ 2, …, σ k being the matrix A_aThe singular value of (a).

For the Hankel matrix A_aIts singular value decomposition can be expressed as:

is equivalent to

A_a＝U_xΣ_xV_x ^T+U_hΣ_hV_h ^T

Wherein, sigma_xSum-sigma_hThe diagonal matrix of singular value generated by signal and noise can be used to complete the effective part and noise part division in the noise-containing signal according to the set threshold value by means of quotient between two adjacent singular values so as to implement filtering effect of noise-containing signal and obtain the second step of preliminary noise-reducing treatmentA signal.

Step S2, performing empirical mode decomposition on the first signal to obtain a plurality of linear steady-state signals included in the first signal, and determining one of the linear steady-state signals as a signal to be processed;

in particular, the empirical mode decomposition technology is to decompose an arbitrary signal (especially a non-stationary non-linear time series signal) into a linear steady-state signal (IMF); the core is to decompose any free signal into several Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and a residual component, each IMF represents the oscillation change of different frequency bands of the original signal and reflects the local characteristics of the signal, and the last residual component reflects the slow change in the signal.

The reconstructed signal of the IMF and the residual component, which reflects the most local features of the signal, may be selected as the signal to be processed. It should be noted that the signal to be processed is still a signal containing noise.

And step S3, smoothing the signal to be processed to obtain an accurate signal.

Specifically, the SG filtering algorithm may be adopted to perform smoothing processing on the signal to be processed, so as to obtain an accurate signal.

As an optional mode of this embodiment, in consideration of the defect that the SG filtering algorithm is limited in filtering effect, the size of the filtering window and the filtering order of the SG filtering algorithm may be optimized by using a particle swarm optimization.

Based on the above description, a further embodiment of the present application provides a first processing apparatus including:

the first sub-processing device is configured to carry out singular value decomposition denoising on the measurement result signal to obtain a first signal subjected to preliminary denoising processing;

the second sub-processing device is configured to perform empirical mode decomposition on the first signal to obtain a plurality of linear steady-state signals included in the first signal, and determine one of the linear steady-state signals as a signal to be processed;

and the third sub-processing device is configured to perform smoothing processing on the signal to be processed to obtain an accurate signal.

As an optional manner of this embodiment, the third sub-processing device is specifically configured to perform smoothing processing on the signal to be processed by using an SG filtering algorithm to obtain an accurate signal, where: the SG filtering algorithm is an SG filtering algorithm which optimizes and optimizes the size of a filtering window and the filtering order by adopting a particle swarm algorithm.

The second processing device is configured to analyze the confidence number to obtain the carbon flux, and correspondingly, a method for analyzing the confidence number to obtain the carbon flux is provided in the second processing device of the present application, and a person skilled in the art may refer to a process of obtaining a corresponding signal concentration by performing analytical inversion on a spectral signal in a tunable laser spectroscopy, for example, refer to chinese patent 201810608900.2, which is entitled paragraph 0075 to 0092 of the specification of "efficient measurement system for seed vigor based on laser absorption spectroscopy," and detailed description thereof is not repeated here.

And the second signal processing device 32 is configured to obtain a measurement result of the carbon flux of the soil according to the distribution conditions of the carbon element-related gases corresponding to different height gradient spaces.

Specifically, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil carbon flux measuring system according to still another embodiment of the present application, please refer to fig. 7, in which the second signal processing device 32 includes:

a first determining device 321, configured to determine a first variation relationship of the carbon element-related gas concentrations corresponding to different height gradient spaces with respect to time according to the height of each gradient space of the gas and the gas diffusion speed, where: the relative time is determined by the absolute value of the difference between the time determined by the different height distances of the gradient space and the gas diffusion speed and the measured time;

specifically, the measurement time is recorded as a first time, the time determined by the different height distances of the gradient space and the gas diffusion speed is a second time, and the absolute value of the difference between the first time and the second time is used as a relative time, i.e., the time dimensions in the change of the carbon flux values of the different gradient spaces are unified, so as to ensure the accuracy of the description of the change process of the carbon flux values of the different gradient spaces along with the time.

A second determining device 322, configured to determine a first temperature weight of the carbon flux measurement result according to the first variation relationship and a variation relationship between the concentration of the carbon element-related gas corresponding to the same height gradient space and the time and the temperature;

a third determining device 323, configured to determine a second variation relation between the concentrations of the carbon-related gases corresponding to different height gradient spaces and the gradient height according to the first variation relation and the first temperature weight;

a result determination module 324 to represent the first variation, the first temperature weight, and the second variation as a measure of soil carbon flux.

The devices work cooperatively, under the condition that time influence is completely the same, the influence of temperature and the influence of gradient height are considered in sequence, the first change relation, the first temperature weight and the second change relation of time influence hardware are expressed as a measurement result of soil carbon flux, and the richness and the accuracy of measurement result dimensionality are guaranteed on the basis of the existing diffusion gas concentration acquisition method based on Fick's law.

It should be noted that, the systems, devices, modules or units described in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or implemented by an article with a certain function. A typical implementation device is a computer, which may take the form of a personal computer, laptop computer, cellular telephone, camera phone, smart phone, personal digital assistant, media player, navigation device, email messaging device, game console, tablet computer, wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.

In a typical configuration, a computer includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present application has been presented. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.

The terminology used in the description of the embodiment or embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiment or embodiments herein. As used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein in one or more embodiments to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present application. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context. The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application to the particular embodiments of the present application, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

The construction, features and functions of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the drawings, and all equivalent embodiments modified or changed according to the idea of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention covered by the description and the drawings.