1. A comprehensive safety control method for the medium-term and long-term environmental safety of a slag disposal project is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, site stability control of a waste slag yard: determining that the selected slag-discarding site has no influence of unfavorable geology, special rock-soil bodies and weak stratums within a range, planning that the upper loading caused by the slag discarding under a stacking condition is smaller than the bearing capacity of a foundation, calculating an optimal coefficient of the site according to the initial terrain condition, and determining a position of the optimal site which meets the requirements;

step 2, site safety control of the waste slag yard: clearing the surface and controlling step shaping before construction;

step 3, performing stability and safety control on the waste slag side slope;

step 4, setting the interval of the conventional step and the wide step;

step 5, carrying out safety control in the construction period; before the waste slag is piled up, a slag blocking wall is firstly constructed, and the slag is blocked firstly and then piled up, and feet are fixed; meanwhile, the interception, drainage and control of the incoming water at the upper part are realized, and the scouring and underetching of the slope toe are prevented and controlled; planning accumulation, controlling an empty surface in the accumulation process, namely straightening a slope surface and a natural terrain, reducing the empty surface, and strictly prohibiting oblique stacking; in the process of stacking and arranging, from back to front, from low to high, enough distance is required to be kept away from the slag blocking wall, and the shaping slope rate is smaller than the statistical average value of the natural repose angles of the waste slag;

step 6, carrying out safety control on the main structure, namely safety control on the main structure, wherein the safety control comprises slag stopping wall stability control and channel drainage performance control;

and 7, carrying out safety auxiliary control on the main structure.

2. The comprehensive safety control method for long-term environmental safety in a slag abandoning project according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the optimization coefficient of a site is calculated through an initial terrain condition, and the method for determining the address of the site which meets the optimization coefficient comprises the following steps: defining a site preference coefficient F1 as an adjacent space area S1 divided by a bottom plane horizontal projection area S2 of an adjacent space part, and calculating to obtain the site preference coefficient by using a plan view, a planning stacking square amount and a planning stacking form; classifying, namely dividing the waste slag field into 4 types of fields of valley type, side type, mountain beam type and flat land type according to the initial terrain, wherein the valley type is only empty at the downstream, and F1 is less than 0.5; the side wall type is mainly characterized in that an outer slope is faced to the sky, the sky of the other two sides is limited, and F1 is located between 0.5 and 1.0; the beam-type three-face is hollow, and F1 is more than 1.0; the flat bottom type four sides are adjacent to the hollow, F1 is more than 1.0; the preferable coefficients of the waste slag yard are sorted from a valley type yard < a side wall type yard < a ridge type yard < a flat yard.

3. The comprehensive safety control method for the long-term environmental safety in the slag abandoning project according to claim 1, wherein the method for controlling the surface cleaning and step shaping before the construction in the second step comprises the following steps: and (2) for the determined field, before discarding slag, performing surface soil removal work, wherein the removal thickness is 0.3-0.5m, the target is to be clear to a natural residual slope accumulated soil layer, if the thickness of local bad soil is not large, the soil is completely removed, if the thickness is large or the buried depth is large, the soil needs to be separately treated, after the surface is cleaned, shaping the natural ground into a series of steps, wherein the height of the steps is not less than 0.5m, and the steps are arranged along with the surface cleaning ground.

4. The comprehensive safety control method for the long-term environmental safety in the slag abandoning engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method for performing the stability and safety control on the slag abandoning slope in the step 3 comprises the following specific steps:

step 3.1: planned accumulation of waste slag: the planning accumulation principle is that the gold is coated with silver, namely the gold is placed at the bottom and the surface with good properties, and the gold is placed in the middle with poor properties;

step 3.2: multi-stage extreme repose angle measurement and statistical analysis during slag removal: the method comprises the steps of carrying out slag discarding test and design parameter value, carrying out multi-stage repose slope angle measurement in the actual limit discharge process, replacing an indoor and outdoor shear test of a slag discarding sampling chamber with a natural repose angle, and carrying out volume weight measurement and particle analysis continuously for fitting to form a regional empirical formula under big data;

defining the thickness-fineness ratio k as the ratio of the content of coarse macro particles with the particle size of more than 2mm to the content of medium fine particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm; establishing a statistical formula of the waste slag engineering characteristics of the whole line by using the thickness ratio and the statistical characteristic value of the natural angle of repose, and dividing the waste slag into the following 3 types, namely fine-grain waste slag, wherein the content of coarse grains in fine-grain soil is less than 25% of the total mass, and k is less than 0.3; mixed waste slag, the content of coarse and fine particles is between that of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil, and k is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.0; coarse grain waste slag, wherein the content of the coarse grains is more than 50 percent of the total weight, and k is more than 1.0;

k＝m_d＞2/m_d≤2 (1)

in the formula: m is_d＞2The mass of the waste slag with the particle size of more than 2 mm; m is_d≤2The mass of the waste slag with the particle size less than 2 mm;

drawing a thickness ratio and a natural angle of repose curve of the waste slag of the whole line, and interpolating to determine a value of the natural angle of repose of the waste slag required by design by utilizing the statistical average value of the thickness ratio of each waste slag field;

step 3.3: and (3) calculating the stability of the waste slag side slope, wherein the calculation formula of the stability coefficient of the mixed waste slag side slope of the cohesionless soil and stone is as follows:

in the formula: f₂The stability coefficient of the waste slag side slope; phi₁The statistical result of the natural angle of repose is obtained; phi₂The integral slope angle of the slope after shaping.

5. The comprehensive safety control method for the medium-and-long-term environmental safety of the slag abandoning project of claim 4, wherein the natural repose angle measurement in the step 3.3 is measured by using a compass, a mobile phone, a total station, a tape measure and an unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping mode.

6. The comprehensive safety control technology for the long-term environmental safety in the slag abandoning project according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for arranging the conventional step and the wide step at intervals in the step 4 is as follows:

the single-stage slope height is not more than 20m through the combination arrangement of 2-3m conventional steps and steps with the width not less than 5.0; the design of slope shaping under the slope rate control is achieved.

7. The comprehensive safety control technology for the long-term environmental safety in the slag abandoning engineering according to claim 1, wherein the method for performing the main structure safety auxiliary control in the step 7 comprises the following steps: the slag blocking wall is required to be cleared to a bedrock, the burial depth of a section with a thicker soil layer is required to meet the requirements on the stability of overturning resistance and sliding resistance, and the widths of the bottom surface and the top surface of the wall body are required to meet the requirements on the stability of overturning resistance and sliding resistance; the bottom of the wall needs to be provided with a drain pipe or a blind ditch, the wall body is provided with a drain hole, and the section size is larger than the drainage requirement of the incoming water at the upper part.

Background

With the implementation of the national railway strategy, the construction of highways and railways in the southwest mountain areas is developed rapidly. The southwest mountain area has steep terrain, deep valley, high altitude, high earthquake intensity and complex geological conditions and structures, and the unique regional geological and geographical conditions determine that the bridge-tunnel ratio for the construction of the mountain traffic engineering is large, so that the southwest mountain area faces severe earthwork balance challenge and medium-term environmental safety control problem.

At present, the management of the abandoned dreg site in China is mostly executed according to a series of laws and regulations for water and soil conservation of engineering construction issued by the ministry of water conservancy, and the practice of the abandoned dreg site of the water conservancy, the mine refuse dump and the solid waste landfill is mostly used for reference in the actual work, and a comprehensive safety control technical specification of the abandoned dreg site reflecting the characteristics of traffic engineering does not exist. Standardization of related work is also severely inadequate.

The current common practice of the slag disposal site in traffic engineering is as follows: selecting a slag discarding site in the early stage, and selecting a site which is enough to be stacked and meets the requirements of laws and regulations according to actual conditions; clearing the meter; slag is discarded, layered rolling is required, but slope natural pouring accumulation is mostly adopted in the actual process; shaping and sealing; the slag blocking wall and the channel system are constructed by stages, namely, the slag blocking wall and the side ditch are constructed firstly, and then the slope surface water interception and drainage ditch is constructed. The site selection is carried out by a survey design unit, the construction is carried out by a construction unit, and the evaluation is finished by a soil and water conservation unit or an evaluation unit with professional qualification. Therefore, all links of the comprehensive safety control of the prior traffic engineering slag abandoning yard are split, seamless connection is not available, and standardization is lacking. Moreover, the trend of surface generalization, namely procedure flow, is lack of pertinence, and particularly under the increasingly high pressure condition of the current environmental situation, the hazard needs to be paid attention and vigilance.

According to the statistical problems and safety countermeasures of the waste slag yard engineering, the following types exist:

(1) the bearing instability of the foundation is caused by the problems of the site, incomplete site selection and cleaning or poor geology of the site. Problems of the part are generally caused by insufficient work before survey site selection and construction, a survey unit and a construction unit are required to be closely matched with an owner for solving the problems, and meanwhile, the advance intervention of a soil and water conservation assessment unit and a stability special assessment unit is also important;

(2) for multi-source waste slag, the bottom or the surface of poor slag body accumulation is generally strictly forbidden, the accumulation is planned in a gold-coated silver mode mostly, and meanwhile, the slope rate is strictly designed according to the properties of the slag soil, and the problem mostly occurs in that the height is too high and too steep;

(3) the secondary disaster that the major structure function lost and caused, channel system interception upper portion water inflow and domatic catchment, under the influence of water obtains the effective control condition, abandons the sediment side slope generally and can not have big problem. The slag retaining wall is mainly characterized in that a base needs to be located on a stable foundation which can bear enough load, otherwise, the foot fixing and retaining effects are greatly reduced.

The current situation of splitting and strip dividing of safety control in the stage of the mountain traffic project slag discarding project determines that a comprehensive safety control technical system of the mountain traffic project slag discarding project, which can embody the comprehensive safety thought, needs to be established, realizes the long-term environmental safety control target in the mountain traffic project slag discarding project on the basis of achieving the specific safety control small target or limited target in each stage and each link, and standardizes the process safety control to promote the standardization of the comprehensive safety of the mountain traffic project slag discarding project.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a comprehensive safety control method for long-term environmental safety in a slag disposal project

To achieve the above object, the present invention relates to: a comprehensive safety control method for the medium-term and long-term environmental safety of a slag disposal project comprises the following steps:

step 1, site stability control of a waste slag yard: determining that the selected slag-discarding site has no influence of unfavorable geology, special rock-soil bodies and weak stratums within a range, planning that the upper loading caused by the slag discarding under a stacking condition is smaller than the bearing capacity of a foundation, calculating an optimal coefficient of the site according to the initial terrain condition, and determining a position of the optimal site which meets the requirements;

step 2, site safety control of the waste slag yard: clearing the surface and controlling step shaping before construction;

step 3, performing stability and safety control on the waste slag side slope;

step 4, setting the interval of the conventional step and the wide step; the single-stage slope height is not more than 20m through the combination arrangement of 2-3m conventional steps and steps with the width not less than 5.0; the design of slope shaping under the slope rate control is achieved.

Step 5, carrying out safety control in the construction period; before the waste slag is piled up, a slag blocking wall is firstly constructed, and the slag is blocked firstly and then piled up, and feet are fixed; meanwhile, the interception, drainage and control of the incoming water at the upper part are realized, and the scouring and underetching of the slope toe are prevented and controlled; planning accumulation, controlling an empty surface in the accumulation process, namely straightening a slope surface and a natural terrain, reducing the empty surface, and strictly prohibiting oblique stacking; in the process of stacking and arranging, the stacking and arranging are strictly forbidden to approach the slag blocking wall from low to high, and the distance from the slag blocking wall is enough to ensure enough distance for brushing a slope from high to low in the future; the shaping slope rate is smaller than the statistical average value of the natural repose angle of the waste slag;

step 6, carrying out safety control on the main structure, namely safety control on the main structure, wherein the safety control comprises slag stopping wall stability control and channel drainage performance control;

and 7, carrying out safety auxiliary control on the main structure.

Further, in the first step, the optimal coefficient of the site is calculated according to the initial terrain condition, and the method for determining the address of the optimal site is as follows: defining a site preference coefficient F1 as an adjacent space area S1 divided by a bottom plane horizontal projection area S2 of an adjacent space part, and calculating to obtain the site preference coefficient by using a plan view, a planning stacking square amount and a planning stacking form; classifying, namely dividing the waste slag field into 4 types of fields of valley type, side type, mountain beam type and flat land type according to the initial terrain, wherein the valley type is only empty at the downstream, and F1 is less than 0.5; the side wall type is mainly characterized in that an outer slope is faced to the sky, the sky of the other two sides is limited, and F1 is located between 0.5 and 1.0; the beam-type three-face is hollow, and F1 is more than 1.0; the flat bottom type four sides are adjacent to the hollow, F1 is more than 1.0; the preferable coefficients of the waste slag yard are ranked as valley type yard < side wall type yard < ridge type yard < flat ground yard, and the smaller the index, the better the stability, the more excellent the yard.

Further, the method for surface cleaning and step shaping control before construction in the second step comprises the following steps: for a determined field, before discarding residues, surface soil removal is carried out, the removal thickness is 0.3-0.5m, the target is to be removed to a natural residual slope accumulated soil layer, the local poor soil body is not large in thickness and is completely dug, the soil with large thickness or large buried depth needs to be separately treated, the part of soil needs to be stacked nearby when the condition is met, and the part of soil is conveniently used as a covering soil body for reclamation in the future and is strictly forbidden to be directly stacked; after the surface cleaning is finished, the natural ground is shaped into a series of steps, the slope stacking is strictly forbidden, the height of the steps is not less than 0.5m, the steps are arranged along the surface cleaning ground, the interaction between the waste slag and the natural ground can be enhanced, and the waste slag is prevented from sliding along the surface.

Further, the method for controlling the stability and safety of the abandoned slag side slope in the step 3 comprises the following specific steps:

step 3.1: planned accumulation of waste slag: the planning accumulation principle is that the gold-coated silver is placed at the bottom and the surface with good properties, the gold-coated silver is placed in the middle with relatively poor properties, and the muck with poor slope angle accumulation and surface accumulation properties is strictly forbidden;

step 3.2: multi-stage extreme repose angle measurement and statistical analysis during slag removal: the method comprises the steps of carrying out slag abandoning tests and design parameter value taking, carrying out multi-stage repose angle measurement in the actual limit discharge process, measuring the repose angle periodically because the slag abandoning sources are possibly various, replacing indoor and outdoor shear tests of a slag abandoning sampling chamber with a natural repose angle, and continuously carrying out volume weight measurement and particle analysis for fitting to form a regional empirical formula under big data;

defining the thickness-fineness ratio k as the ratio of the content of coarse macro particles with the particle size of more than 2mm to the content of medium fine particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm; establishing a statistical formula of the waste slag engineering characteristics of the whole line by using the thickness ratio and the statistical characteristic value of the natural angle of repose, and dividing the waste slag into the following 3 types, namely fine-grain waste slag, wherein the content of coarse grains in fine-grain soil is less than 25% of the total mass, and k is less than 0.3; mixed waste slag, the content of coarse and fine particles is between that of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil, and k is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.0; coarse grain waste slag, wherein the content of the coarse grains is more than 50 percent of the total weight, and k is more than 1.0;

k＝m_d＞2/m_d≤2 (1)

in the formula: m is_d＞2The mass of the waste slag with the particle size of more than 2 mm; m is_d≤2The mass of the waste slag with the particle size less than 2 mm;

drawing a thickness ratio and a natural angle of repose curve of the waste slag of the whole line, and interpolating to determine a value of the natural angle of repose of the waste slag required by design by utilizing the statistical average value of the thickness ratio of each waste slag field;

step 3.3: and (3) calculating the stability of the waste slag side slope, wherein the calculation formula of the stability coefficient of the mixed waste slag side slope of the cohesionless soil and stone is as follows:

in the formula: f₂The stability coefficient of the waste slag side slope; phi₁The statistical result of the natural angle of repose is obtained; phi₂The integral slope angle of the slope after shaping.

Further, the natural repose angle measurement in the step 3.3 is measured by using a compass, a mobile phone, a total station, a tape measure and an unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping mode.

Further, the specific method for setting the interval between the conventional step and the wide step in the step 4 is as follows:

the single-stage slope height is not more than 20m through the combination arrangement of 2-3m conventional steps and steps with the width not less than 5.0; the design of slope shaping under the slope rate control is achieved.

Further, the method for performing the safety auxiliary control on the main structure in step 7 is as follows: the slag blocking wall is required to be cleared to a bedrock, the burial depth of a section with a thicker soil layer is required to meet the requirements on the stability of overturning resistance and sliding resistance, and the width of the bottom surface and the top surface of the wall body is required to consider the requirements on the stability of overturning resistance and sliding resistance; the bottom of the wall needs to be provided with a drain pipe or a blind ditch, the wall body needs to be provided with a drain hole, and the section size is larger than the drainage requirement of the incoming water at the upper part.

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention relates to a comprehensive safety control method for long-term environmental safety in a slag abandoning project, which is characterized in that dynamic stability control work is preposed and quantized, the field stability is controlled by a traditional method, the traditional method mostly adopts a mode of survey evaluation and macroscopic qualitative engineering geological control, no specific quantitative index is provided, the patent provides an optimized quantitative index of a mountain traffic project slag abandoning field by a method for defining a field optimal coefficient, the smaller the index is, the better the index is, because the fewer the empty faces are, the more the safety is improved compared with the empty faces, the quantitative index which is beneficial to the safety control of a future slag abandoning field is provided from the field perspective, and the comprehensive control target for long-term environmental safety in the mountain traffic project slag abandoning field is extended to a slag abandoning field site selection stage and a field stability control stage. The stage safety target is consistent with the whole safety target, and the connectivity of related work is guaranteed. The slag dumping field is ensured not to generate fundamental field stability risk.

(2) According to the comprehensive safety control method for the long-term environmental safety in the waste slag engineering, the traditional waste slag engineering property test needs a site sand filling test and a disturbance sample taking to perform an indoor particle separation and direct shear test, volume weight and strength parameters are provided for the stability control of the waste slag slope, the representative problems of sampling representativeness and experimental results exist, and the cost-to-efficiency ratio is low. According to the method, the emission slope angle, the grain group composition and the accumulation characteristics of the waste slag are measured on site according to different sources and different stages, the method comprises the steps of measuring a shaping slope angle, drawing a thickness ratio-natural angle of repose curve, classifying the waste slag according to the curve, providing a natural angle of repose statistical characteristic value for calculation, and recommending and controlling the slope rate for temporary and permanent waste slag slope design and stable control. The method solves the representative problem, and the test items are fewer and easy to realize.

(3) The comprehensive safety control method for the long-term environmental safety in the slag abandoning project ensures the quantitative evaluation of the system and ensures that the slag abandoning field does not have fundamental field stability risk; the test items are reduced, and the representative problems of sampling and testing are solved; the slope rate, the statistical characteristic value of the multi-stage limited discharge slope angle and the wide step respectively have certain conservative characteristics (the repose angle is generally 5-10 degrees smaller than the internal friction angle), the shaping slope rate is smaller than the slope angle, the wide step divides the high slope into a plurality of slag-removing slopes with limited heights, the overall stability is improved, the site stability and the slope stability comprehensively guarantee the medium-long term environmental safety of the slag-removing engineering, and the risk of accidents of the slag-removing engineering is reduced and controlled. .

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified diagram of the calculation of the stability of the waste slag slope based on the slope rate and the angle of repose in the preferred embodiment of the present invention (the abscissa is the degree of thickness mixing of waste slag particles, and the ordinate is the angle of the natural angle of repose);

FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram of the calculation of the stability of the discarded slag side slope based on the slope rate and the angle of repose (D1-the topography of the accumulated slag before shaping; D2 the topography of the final slag after shaping);

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a combination of steps with wide and narrow width;

FIG. 5 is a graph of stability coefficient calculation with step width (step width on abscissa and stability coefficient on ordinate) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a calculated graph of the safety factor government of the preferred embodiment of the invention as a function of step width (step width on the abscissa and increase in safety factor on the ordinate);

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Referring to fig. 1, a comprehensive safety control method for long-term environmental safety in a slag disposal project includes the following steps:

step 1, site stability control of a waste slag yard: determining that the selected slag-discarding site has no influence of unfavorable geology, special rock-soil bodies, weak stratums and the like, planning that the upper loading caused by the slag discarding under the stacking condition is smaller than the bearing capacity of the foundation, calculating the optimal coefficient of the site according to the initial terrain condition, and determining the optimal site address which is in line with the optimal coefficient;

step 2, site safety control of the waste slag yard: for a certain site, before discarding residues, surface soil removal is carried out, the removal thickness is generally 0.3-0.5m, the target is to be removed to a natural residual slope accumulated soil layer, the local bad soil body is not large in thickness, the soil body is completely excavated, the soil body with large thickness needs to be separately treated, the part of soil needs to be stacked nearby when the condition is met, and the part of soil is conveniently used as a covering soil body for re-cultivation and reclamation in the future and is strictly forbidden to be directly stacked. After the surface cleaning is finished, shaping the natural ground into a series of steps, strictly forbidding slope stacking, wherein the height of the steps is not less than 0.5m, and the steps are arranged along the surface cleaning ground, so that the interaction between the waste slag and the natural ground can be enhanced, and the waste slag is prevented from sliding along the surface;

and 3, stability and safety control of the waste slag side slope: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,

step 3.1: planned accumulation of waste slag: the planned accumulation principle is that the gold-coated silver is placed on the bottom and the surface with good properties, the gold-coated silver is placed in the middle with relatively poor properties, and the muck with poor slope angle accumulation and surface accumulation properties is strictly forbidden.

Step 3.2: multi-stage extreme repose angle measurement and statistical analysis during slag removal: the method comprises the steps of carrying out slag abandoning tests and design parameter value taking, carrying out multi-stage repose angle measurement in the actual limit discharge process, measuring the repose angle periodically because the slag abandoning sources are possibly various, replacing indoor and outdoor shear tests of a slag abandoning sampling chamber with a natural repose angle, solving the sampling representativeness and test representativeness problems, and continuously carrying out volume weight measurement and particle analysis for fitting to form a regional empirical formula under big data; defining the thickness-fineness ratio k as the ratio of the content of coarse macro particles with the particle size of more than 2mm to the content of medium fine particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm; establishing a statistical formula of the waste slag engineering characteristics of the whole line by using the thickness ratio and the statistical characteristic value of the natural angle of repose, and dividing the waste slag into the following 3 types, namely fine-grain waste slag, wherein the content of coarse grains in fine-grain soil is less than 25% of the total mass, and k is less than 0.3; mixed waste slag, the content of coarse and fine particles is between that of fine-grained soil and coarse-grained soil, and k is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 1.0; coarse grain waste slag, wherein the content of the coarse grains is more than 50 percent of the total weight, and k is more than 1.0; .

The thickness ratio k of the waste slag is the ratio of the content of coarse macro particles with the particle size of more than 2mm to the content of medium fine particles with the particle size of less than 2 mm: only two angles are involved, the parameters are few, the determination is easy, the formula is simple and easy to operate, and the conservative characteristic is obvious.

k＝m_d＞2/m_d≤2 (1)

In the formula: m is_d＞2The mass of the waste slag with the particle size of more than 2 mm; m is_d≤2The mass of the waste slag with the grain diameter less than 2 mm.

Referring to fig. 2, a curve of the thickness ratio of the waste slag and the natural angle of repose of the whole line is drawn, and the value of the natural angle of repose of the waste slag required by design is determined by interpolation using the statistical average value of the thickness ratio of each waste slag field.

Step 3.3: referring to fig. 3, the stability coefficient of the mixed spoil without cohesive and unconsolidated soil and stone is calculated according to the following formula:

in the formula: f₂The stability coefficient of the waste slag side slope; phi₁The natural repose angle is a statistical result (the natural repose angle is measured by using a compass, a mobile phone, a total station, a tape measure, an unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping mode and the like); phi₂The integral slope angle of the slope after shaping.

Step 4, referring to fig. 4 to 6, the regular steps and the wide steps are arranged at intervals: the width of a conventional step is generally 2-3m, wide steps are required to be arranged at intervals of 1-2 grades, the optimal width of each wide step is 5m, the width is determined through optimized calculation (a calculation chart is shown in figures 5 and 6), and then the wide economy is lost, the reinforcement mechanism is that a high slope is changed into a plurality of slopes with limited heights, and the integral stable state of the slope is effectively improved; through setting up the combination of wide and narrow step, form effective promotion and improvement to abandoning long-term overall stability in the sediment side slope:

step 5, safety control in the construction period; before the waste slag is piled up, a slag blocking wall is firstly constructed, and the slag is blocked firstly and then piled up, and feet are fixed; meanwhile, the interception, drainage and control of the incoming water at the upper part are realized, and the scouring and underetching of the slope toe are prevented and controlled; planning accumulation, controlling the free face in the accumulation process, namely straightening the slope and the natural terrain as far as possible, reducing the free face, and strictly prohibiting oblique stacking; in the process of stacking and arranging, the stacking and arranging are strictly forbidden to approach the slag blocking wall from low to high, and the distance from the slag blocking wall is enough to ensure enough distance for brushing a slope from high to low in the future; the shaping slope rate is smaller than the statistical average value of the natural repose angle of the waste slag;

step 6, main structure safety control, namely safety control of a main structure, which is mainly slag barrier stability control and channel drainage performance control, wherein the slag barrier meets the requirements of anti-overturning and anti-sliding stability, the side ditch channel meets the drainage requirement of the incoming water at the upper part, and the slope drainage ditch meets the drainage requirement of the slope catchment;

step 7, the main structure is safely and auxiliarily controlled, the slag blocking wall is required to be cleared to the bedrock, the buried depth of a section with a thicker soil layer is required to meet the requirements of the stability of the resistance to overturning and the resistance to sliding, the width of the bottom surface and the top surface of the wall body is required to consider the requirements of the stability of the resistance to overturning and the resistance to sliding,

drainage pipes or blind ditches are arranged at the bottom of the wall, drainage holes are arranged on the wall body, the section size is larger than the drainage requirement of incoming water at the upper part, a temporary channel can be adopted in the early stage, and a permanent channel is adopted in the later stage; the bottom of the slope channel is generally discarded slag, the section size is larger than the drainage requirement of slope catchment, a temporary channel can be adopted in the early stage, a permanent channel is constructed after a rainy season, whether the channel system is suitable or not is conveniently inspected, the adjustment can be made according to the scouring condition in the later stage, and the measures can effectively prevent the adverse effects caused by channel cracking, rainwater infiltration and the like.

In the first step, the preferred coefficient of the site is calculated through the initial terrain condition, and the method for determining the address of the preferred site which meets the requirement comprises the following steps: defining a site preference coefficient F1 as an adjacent space area S1 divided by a bottom plane horizontal projection area S2 of an adjacent space part, and calculating to obtain the site preference coefficient by using a plan view, a planning stacking square amount and a planning stacking form; classifying, namely dividing the waste slag field into 4 types of fields such as a valley type field, a side slope type field, a mountain beam type field and a flat land type field according to an initial terrain, wherein the valley type field is only empty at the downstream, and F1 is less than 0.5; the side wall type is mainly characterized in that an outer slope is faced to the sky, the sky of the other two sides is limited, and F1 is generally positioned between 0.5 and 1.0; the beam-type three-face is hollow, and F1 is more than 1.0; the flat bottom type four sides are adjacent to the hollow, F1 is more than 1.0; the sequence of the optimal coefficients of the slag field is a valley type field < a side wall type field < a ridge type field < a flat ground field, wherein the ridge type field has limited stacking amount, larger height and lowest efficiency and needs to be avoided as much as possible; finally determining the corresponding preferred site.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.