1. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s100, establishing an evolution profile diagram of hydrocarbon discharge of over-mature source rock;

s200, determining hydrocarbon expulsion critical conditions of over-mature source rocks, inverting the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rocks, and establishing a hydrocarbon expulsion model of the over-mature source rocks;

step S300, determining the hydrocarbon discharge rate and the accumulated hydrocarbon discharge amount of the over-mature source rock;

and step S400, calculating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the over-mature source rock.

2. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon expulsion amount of the marine high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 1, wherein the method for establishing the hydrocarbon expulsion evolution profile map of the hydrocarbon source rock comprises the following steps: calculating a hydrocarbon potential index and an equivalent environment plastid reflectivity according to a source rock pyrolysis experiment;

establishing a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile map based on the hydrocarbon generation potential index and the equivalent environment plastid reflectivity;

the hydrocarbon potential index is(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,respectively the hydrocarbon amount obtained when the unit mass of the hydrocarbon source rock sample is heated to 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, and the unit is mg HC/g;the total organic carbon content in unit mass of the source rock is mg/g; the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity is，(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the maximum pyrolysis peak temperature of the pyrolysis experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock.

3. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon expulsion amount of the marine high-over mature hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 2, wherein the method for determining the hydrocarbon expulsion critical condition comprises the following steps: obtaining a uniform temperature distribution diagram of the fluid inclusion according to an inclusion experiment;

determining a primary phase inclusion homogeneous temperature peak based on the fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature profile;

acquiring the corresponding minimum value on the isotherm when the uniform temperature main peak of the inclusion in the first period is obtained according to the typical well deposition and burial history and the thermal evolution history chart；Critical maturity of hydrocarbon expulsion corresponding to critical hydrocarbon expulsion conditions。

4. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 3, wherein the method for inverting the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the hydrocarbon source rock is as follows:

acquiring a hydrocarbon generation potential index envelope curve according to the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile diagram;

obtaining a fitting relation based on the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity and the hydrocarbon potential index envelope curve；+Wherein a, b, c and d are constants;

acquiring the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock based on the fitting relation and the hydrocarbon discharge critical maturity；。

5. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 4, wherein the method for establishing the hydrocarbon discharge model of the marine high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock specifically comprises the following steps: and establishing a hydrocarbon expulsion model of the over-mature source rock based on the source rock hydrocarbon expulsion evolution profile, the source rock hydrocarbon expulsion critical condition, the source rock original hydrocarbon generation potential and MATLAB software.

6. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine over-mature hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 5, wherein the method for determining the hydrocarbon discharge rate and the accumulated hydrocarbon discharge amount of the hydrocarbon source rock is specifically as follows: obtaining hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon expulsion rate based on the high over-mature hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon expulsion modelAnd cumulative hydrocarbon discharge of source rock；

；

。

7. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the hydrocarbon source rock is specifically as follows: acquiring the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of the hydrocarbon source rock at different thermal evolution stages according to the hydrocarbon discharge rate, the organic matter abundance and the thickness and density integral of the hydrocarbon source rock corresponding to different thermal evolution stages；

Obtaining total hydrocarbon discharge amount of each geological period based on the hydrocarbon discharge intensity；

；

；

H is the thickness of the source rock;is the density of the source rock;the distribution area of the hydrocarbon source rock;is the original total organic carbon content of the source rock.

8. The method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of a marine high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock according to claim 7,；

。

Background

Hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon expulsion research is the most important research content of hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon evolution and oil and gas resource potential prediction and is one of the most basic problems of oil and gas exploration decision. How to establish a marine high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon generation and discharge model and calculate the hydrocarbon generation and discharge amount of the model is a difficult problem which is not solved for a long time in the petroleum geology and geochemistry, and the fundamental reason is that the marine high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock is generally high in maturity, is lack of immature low-mature hydrocarbon source rock and cannot reconstruct a complete hydrocarbon generation evolution process of the hydrocarbon source rock.

Scholars at home and abroad try to break through from two directions: firstly, the low-maturity marine hydrocarbon source rock of the new stratum of the shallow basin layer is used for making up for the lack of the low-maturity hydrocarbon source rock sample of the research stratum of the high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock, and the size of the hydrocarbon generation and discharge potential of the deep-sea high-maturity hydrocarbon source rock is predicted according to the relation between the total organic carbon of the hydrocarbon source rock and the hydrocarbon generation potential. Secondly, the lack of low-maturity source rock samples in the research area of the high-maturity source rock is compensated by using low-maturity marine source rock samples of other basins, and the hydrocarbon generation and discharge amount of the high-maturity source rock is calculated based on a hydrocarbon generation potential method. The current thinking in the industry to solve this problem focuses on finding low-maturity source rock samples, but the lack of low-maturity source rocks in the ancient marine facies high-maturity source rock research stratum is a common phenomenon, and low-maturity source rocks are not found in the ancient marine facies stratum in China. The problem that an immature low-maturity sample of a same basin shallow layer or different basins is used as supplement is large, deposition environments, organic phases, organic matter types and organic matter enrichment conditions of different basins and deposition strata of the same basin in different times are greatly different, and the conditions are important influence factors for hydrocarbon evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. The hydrocarbon discharging characteristics of the hydrocarbon source rock are not known, so that the potential of oil and gas resources is difficult to be scientifically predicted from the origin, and the scientific decision of an exploration strategy is finally influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely to overcome the defect that the prior art cannot accurately and quantitatively evaluate the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the over-mature source rock, the invention provides a method for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine over-mature source rock, which comprises the following steps: and S100, establishing a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution section diagram.

And S200, determining hydrocarbon discharge critical conditions, inverting the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock, and establishing a hydrocarbon discharge model of the over-mature source rock.

And step S300, determining the hydrocarbon discharging rate and the accumulated hydrocarbon discharging amount of the hydrocarbon source rock.

And step S400, calculating the hydrocarbon discharging amount of the hydrocarbon source rock.

In some preferred embodiments, the method for establishing the hydrocarbon source rock drainage evolution profile comprises the following steps: and calculating the hydrocarbon potential index and the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity according to the pyrolysis experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock.

And establishing a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile map based on the hydrocarbon generation potential index and the equivalent environment plastid reflectivity.

The hydrocarbon potential index is(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,respectively the hydrocarbon amount obtained when the unit mass of the hydrocarbon source rock sample is heated to 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, and the unit is mg HC/g;the total organic carbon content in unit mass of the source rock is mg/g; the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity is，(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the maximum pyrolysis peak temperature of the pyrolysis experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock.

In some preferred embodiments, the method for determining the hydrocarbon discharge critical condition is: and obtaining a uniform temperature distribution diagram of the fluid inclusion according to the inclusion experiment.

Determining a primary phase inclusion uniform temperature peak based on the fluid inclusion uniform temperature profile.

Acquiring the corresponding minimum value on the isotherm when the uniform temperature main peak of the inclusion in the first period is obtained according to the typical well deposition and burial history and the thermal evolution history chart；Critical maturity of hydrocarbon expulsion corresponding to critical hydrocarbon expulsion conditions。

In some preferred embodiments, the inversion method of the original hydrocarbon-producing potential of the source rock is as follows: and acquiring a hydrocarbon generation potential index envelope according to the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile.

Obtaining a fitting relation based on the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity and the hydrocarbon potential index envelope curve；+Wherein a, b, c and d are constants.

Acquiring the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock based on the fitting relation and the hydrocarbon discharge critical maturity；。

In some preferred embodiments, the method for establishing the hydrocarbon expulsion model of the highly over-mature source rock specifically comprises the following steps: and establishing a hydrocarbon expulsion model of the over-mature source rock based on the source rock hydrocarbon expulsion evolution profile, the source rock hydrocarbon expulsion critical condition, the source rock original hydrocarbon generation potential and MATLAB software.

In some preferred embodiments, the method for determining the hydrocarbon discharging rate and the accumulated hydrocarbon discharging amount of the hydrocarbon source rock is specifically as follows: obtaining hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon expulsion rate based on the high over-mature hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon expulsion modelAnd cumulative hydrocarbon discharge of source rock。

。

。

In some preferred embodiments, the method for calculating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the hydrocarbon source rock is specifically as follows: acquiring the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of the hydrocarbon source rock at different thermal evolution stages according to the hydrocarbon discharge rate, the organic matter abundance and the thickness and density integral of the hydrocarbon source rock corresponding to different thermal evolution stages。

Obtaining total hydrocarbon discharge amount of each geological period based on the hydrocarbon discharge intensity。

。

。

HIs the thickness of the source rock;is the density of the source rock;the distribution area of the hydrocarbon source rock;is the original total organic carbon content of the source rock.

In some of the preferred embodiments, the first and second,。

。

1) the evaluation method for the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock disclosed by the invention can establish a new hydrocarbon discharge model of the high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock without depending on an immature low-mature sample, and provides a reliable test model for hydrocarbon discharge characteristic research of the high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock.

2) The invention forms a new method and a flow for evaluating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the marine high-maturity source rock, can more scientifically calculate the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the ancient marine stratum source rock lacking in immature low-maturity samples, and provides scientific basis for evaluating the potential of deep oil and gas resources.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual model diagram of hydrocarbon expulsion of a high over-mature source rock in the invention.

FIG. 3 is a hydrocarbon potential evolution section of a hydrocarbon source rock of a cloud rock of algae of the Szechwan basin seismic denier system.

FIG. 4 is a histogram of the uniform temperature distribution of the fluid inclusions of the mudstone in the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basin.

FIG. 5 is a graph of the history of deposition and burial and thermal evolution history of the Moxi 8 well in the Sichuan basin.

FIG. 6 is a model of hydrocarbon expulsion from a hydrocarbon source rock of cloud rock of the algae of the Szechwan basin seismic denier system over maturity.

FIG. 7 is a graph of Jurassic cycle hydrocarbon discharge intensity of algae of the Tetrachuan basin's symphytum clarkii.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for evaluating hydrocarbon discharge amount of marine high-over-mature hydrocarbon source rock, which comprises the following steps: s100, establishing a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile, specifically, calculating a hydrocarbon generation potential index and an equivalent environment plastid reflectivity according to a hydrocarbon source rock pyrolysis experiment; establishing a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile diagram based on the obtained hydrocarbon potential index and equivalent environment plastid reflectivity; wherein the hydrocarbon potential index is；Respectively the hydrocarbon amount obtained when the unit mass of the hydrocarbon source rock sample is heated to 300 ℃ to 600 ℃, and the unit is mg HC/g;the total organic carbon content in unit mass of the source rock is unit mg/g; an equivalent environmental mass reflectance of，(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the maximum pyrolysis peak temperature of the pyrolysis experiment of the hydrocarbon source rock.

S200, determining hydrocarbon discharge critical conditions, inverting the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock, and establishing a hydrocarbon discharge model of the over-mature source rock; specifically, the method for determining the hydrocarbon discharge critical condition comprises the following steps: obtaining a uniform temperature distribution diagram of the fluid inclusion according to the lamp shadow group inclusion experiment; determining a primary phase inclusion homogeneous temperature peak based on the fluid inclusion homogeneous temperature profile; acquiring the corresponding minimum value of the lamp shadow group on the isotherm when the uniform temperature main peak value of the first-stage inclusion is obtained according to the typical well deposition burying history and the thermal evolution history chart(ii) a This value isNamely the critical maturity of hydrocarbon expulsion corresponding to the critical condition of hydrocarbon expulsion. The inversion method of the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock comprises the following steps: acquiring a hydrocarbon potential index envelope curve according to a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile diagram; obtaining a fitting relation based on equivalent environment plastid reflectivity and hydrocarbon potential index envelope curve；+Wherein a, b, c and d are constants; acquiring the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rock based on the fitting relation and the hydrocarbon discharge critical maturity；. The method for establishing the hydrocarbon discharge model of the over-mature source rock comprises the following specific steps: and establishing a hydrocarbon expulsion model of the over-mature source rock based on a source rock hydrocarbon expulsion evolution profile, the source rock hydrocarbon expulsion critical condition, the source rock original hydrocarbon generation potential and MATLAB software.

Step S300, determining the hydrocarbon discharging rate and the accumulated hydrocarbon discharging amount of the source rock; specifically, the hydrocarbon expulsion rate of the source rock is obtained based on a high over-mature source rock hydrocarbon expulsion modelAnd cumulative hydrocarbon discharge of source rock(ii) a Wherein the content of the first and second substances,。

step S400, calculating the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the hydrocarbon source rock; specifically, the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of the hydrocarbon source rock at different thermal evolution stages is obtained according to the hydrocarbon discharge rate, the organic matter abundance, the thickness of the hydrocarbon source rock and the density integral corresponding to the different thermal evolution stages(ii) a Obtaining total hydrocarbon discharge amount of each geological period based on hydrocarbon discharge intensity。

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,。

。

h is the thickness of the source rock;is the density of the source rock;the distribution area of the hydrocarbon source rock;is the original total organic carbon content of the source rock.

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying figures 1 to 7 in conjunction with embodiments of the Sichuan basin.

The Sichuan basin is located in the southwest of China, and the basin area is about 19 multiplied by 10⁴ km²Is one of the main natural gas producing areas in China. The Sichuan basin is a typical overlapped basin containing oil and gas, and is subjected to multi-cycle structure movement and overlapped transformation of various basins to form a plurality of sets of raw storage cover combinations, and has the characteristic of multi-layer system containing oil and gas. The earthquake denier system of the Sichuan basin to the lower three-fold system is a marine carbonate stratum, the layer of the research target of the application is a lamp shadow group of the earthquake denier system, and the lamp shadow group is divided into four lamps (Z) from top to bottom according to lithology and biological characteristics₂d⁴) Lamp III (Z)₂d³) Lamp two (Z)₂d²) And lamp one (Z)₂d¹) Four lithologic segments. Wherein the important hydrocarbon source rocks of earthquake denier of Szechwan basin of algae cloud of lamp shadow are mainly distributed in the lamp IV (Z)₂d⁴) And lamp two (Z)₂d²) And the section, the burial depth exceeds 5000 m, all the hydrocarbon source rocks reach a high-over mature thermal evolution stage, the thickness is 300 m-1350 m, and the hydrocarbon source rocks are widely distributed in the Sichuan basin.

The invention provides a method for evaluating hydrocarbon discharge amount of deep sea phase over-mature source rock, wherein a concept model of hydrocarbon discharge of the over-mature source rock is shown as a figure 2, and the method comprises the following steps: and establishing a hydrocarbon potential evolution section of the hydrocarbon source rock of the cloud rock of the algae of the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basin. According to parameters obtained by pyrolysis experiments of the algae cloud rock source rock in the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basin, calculating to obtain a hydrocarbon generation potential index of 100 x (S)₁+S₂) (ii) TOC "; according to pyrolysis parametersCalculating to obtain equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity(i.e., the degree of ripeness), "100 × (S) is plotted₁+S₂) /TOC followingI.e. the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon evolution profile shown in figure 3.

Determining hydrocarbon expulsion critical conditions of the algae cloud rock in the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basin, inverting the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the algae cloud rock, and establishing a hydrocarbon expulsion model of the algae cloud rock in the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basin which is higher than the mature hydrocarbon source rock.

Firstly, through under-mirror thin slice analysis and geological analysis, a light shadow group of a Sichuan basin has three-stage inclusion formation, a first-stage inclusion is formed in dolomite crystal grains, a uniform temperature distribution diagram of a fluid inclusion shown in a figure 4 is obtained through experimental analysis of the light shadow group inclusion, and a main peak value of uniform temperature of the first-stage inclusion is determined based on the uniform temperature distribution diagram of the fluid inclusion; in this example, the homogeneous temperature peak temperature of the first stage inclusion was determined to be between 120 ℃ and 130 ℃, and for quantitative characterization, the median value of 125 ℃ (i.e., the main peak value of the homogeneous temperature of the first stage inclusion) was taken to represent the beginning of a large hydrocarbon discharge from the source rock at this paleogeous temperature. Combining the typical well-grinding stream 8-well sedimentary burial history and thermal evolution history chart (figure 5) of the Sichuan basin, and inverting the hydrocarbon discharge critical maturity R of the cloud rock hydrocarbon source rock of the alga Himalayan Kyohima_oeOn the graph, the minimum temperature of 125 ℃ isotherm of the lamp shadow groupNamely the critical maturity of hydrocarbon discharge of the cloud rock hydrocarbon source rock of the alga Codium aegypti,0.92% of the total amount of the algae-nephrite in the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basinInitial large amount of hydrocarbon expulsion from 0.92% of the source rock, i.e. critical maturity for expulsion of hydrocarbons: () Correspond to=0.92%。

Acquiring a hydrocarbon potential index envelope curve according to a hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge evolution profile diagram; obtaining a fitting relation of the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivity and the hydrocarbon potential index envelope curve based on the equivalent environmental plastid reflectivityIn the present embodiment, the first and second electrodes are, for example,+。

in the hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon expulsion evolution section, the hydrocarbon expulsion critical maturity) The corresponding hydrocarbon generation potential is the original hydrocarbon generation potential of the hydrocarbon source rock. In this example, the original hydrocarbon-producing potential of nepheline of the Tetrachuan basin seismic denier system is 756 mg HC/g TOC, i.e.。

And establishing a hydrocarbon expulsion model of the Szechuan basin seismic denier system over-mature algae cloud rock source rock according to the determined hydrocarbon expulsion evolution section, the hydrocarbon expulsion critical condition and the original hydrocarbon generation potential (see figure 6 in detail). On the model, the hydrocarbon discharging critical condition of the source rock corresponds to the original hydrocarbon generation potential, and the hydrocarbon generation potential index of the source rock is reduced along with the increase of the thermal maturity.

Further, according to the establishmentDetermining hydrocarbon discharge rate of algae cloud rock by using hydrocarbon source rock hydrocarbon discharge model of algae cloud rock in seismic denier system of Sichuan basinAnd cumulative hydrocarbon dischargeWherein, in the step (A),the hydrocarbon discharge amount of unit TOC of the hydrocarbon source rock at a certain thermal evolution degree;the hydrocarbons emitted are accumulated for each gram of organic carbon of the source rock.

Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,。

wherein the content of the first and second substances,。

further, the hydrocarbon discharge amount of the algae cloud rock source rock in the seismic denier system of the Sichuan basin is calculated. Taking the calculation of hydrocarbon discharge amount of the hydrocarbon source rocks of the algae of the genus Chloranthus in the period Jurassic as an example, the hydrocarbon discharge intensity of the hydrocarbon source rocks of the algae of the genus Chloranthus in the period Jurassic is firstly calculatedThe hydrocarbon discharge rate, organic matter abundance, hydrocarbon source rock thickness and density integral of the algae cloud rock in the Jurassic period and the earthquake-denier system are calculated, and figure 7 is a hydrocarbon discharge intensity diagram of the algae cloud rock in the Jurassic period and the earthquake-denier system, and the hydrocarbon discharge center is more than 1600 multiplied by 10 at most⁴ t/km²(ii) a Hydrocarbon discharge intensity of nepheline hydrocarbon source rock of algae of Jurassic periodPerforming area integration to obtain total hydrocarbon discharge amount of sargassum at Jurassic period。

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,。

。

。

。

the total hydrocarbon discharge amount of the algae of the earthquake-denier system of the Sichuan basin and the nepheline Jurassic period is obtained by calculationIs 3958.4X 10⁸ t oil equivalent.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention, and particularly, features shown in the various embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

In the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like, which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.

So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.