1. The utility model provides an electro-magnet dynamic characteristic detection device which characterized in that: the device comprises a constant voltage source, an electromagnet to be detected, a detection circuit and a recorder; the constant voltage source provides a working power supply for the detected electromagnet, the output current is sampled by the recorder, the detected electromagnet is arranged on a detection station, when the movable iron core of the detected electromagnet moves, the luminous flux in the detection circuit is shielded, the detection circuit sends out a light signal and receives the range of the luminous flux shielding signal, the range covers the movement stroke of the movable iron core of the electromagnet, the starting position or the end position shields partial light signals, the light signals are sampled by the recorder, the position of the movable iron core is represented, and a force value sensor in the detection circuit is connected with the recorder.

2. An electromagnetic dynamic characteristic detecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant voltage source is a direct current or alternating current voltage source with the internal resistance of the voltage source smaller than the impedance of the electromagnet by more than 1/10 or a voltage source with the output power of the voltage source more than 10 times larger than the power of the electromagnet to be tested, the alternating current electromagnet is tested, the constant voltage source is an alternating current constant voltage source, the constant voltage source is a direct current constant voltage source, the constant voltage source outputs a voltage amplitude value covering the working voltage of the electromagnet, and the current of the constant voltage source to the electromagnet power supply loop is sampled by a recorder.

3. An electromagnetic dynamic characteristic detecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detection circuit comprises a uniform light, a parallel light generator, a uniform light spot receiver, a parallel light receiver and a force value sensor for detecting the thrust or the tension of the movable iron core, wherein an optical signal is converted into an electric signal, the shielding amount of the optical signal is monotonous with the electric signal, and the optical signal-to-electric signal receiver and the force value sensor are sampled by a recorder.

4. An electromagnetic dynamic characteristic detecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the recorder is an intelligent instrument or a personal computer with digital output and output, multi-channel A/D conversion and operation functions, comprises a communication component, an A/D acquisition card and a USB interface, and has the function of LCD graph display.

Background

The electromagnet is widely used in the industries of power electronics, medical equipment, textile machinery, door locks, aerospace, ships and the like, and is an electromechanical operating element widely used in the field of low-voltage or medium-voltage electricity.

The current characteristic of the electromagnet is related to the power supply requirement for providing power for the electromagnet, the whole-course motion speed of the movable iron core of the electromagnet is related to the impact property of a terminal point, the initial motion time of the electromagnet is directly related to the sensitivity of the electromagnet, and in the field of low-voltage or medium-voltage electric appliances, the dynamic characteristic of the electromagnet is related to the closing and opening speed and capacity of the circuit breaker, so that the overall performance and quality of the circuit breaker are directly influenced. The electromagnet has too fast moving speed, which shows that the coil impedance is too small, the requirement on the power supply capacity is higher when the electromagnet is used, and the larger the impact force generated on the fixed end surface when the electromagnet moves to the end point position is, the larger the vibration of the electromagnet is. On the contrary, if the moving speed is insufficient, the arc discharge time is lengthened or a serious fire accident is caused when the breaker is opened.

CN206788272U discloses an automatic testing device for electromagnet characteristics, which comprises a measured position fixing plate, wherein an electric control mobile station, a displacement sensor fixture and an electromagnet fixture are arranged on the measured position fixing plate, a force sensor positioning plate is arranged on the electric control mobile station, a force sensor is arranged on the force sensor positioning plate, the force sensor is arranged corresponding to the electromagnet fixture, a displacement sensor is arranged on the displacement sensor fixture, and the displacement sensor is connected with the force sensor positioning plate.

CN204330919U discloses an electromagnet characteristic test system based on LabVIEW, which comprises a test bench, a guide rail arranged on the test bench, an electromagnet support, a sensor support and a pre-tightening motor support respectively arranged on the guide rail from left to right, an electromagnet to be tested arranged at the upper end of the electromagnet support, a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor arranged in parallel at the upper end of the sensor support, wherein the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged between the electromagnet support and the sensor support, the pressure sensor is arranged below the displacement sensor, one end of the displacement sensor is close to a power head of the electromagnet to be tested in parallel, a servo motor is arranged at the upper end of the pre-tightening motor support, the servo motor and the displacement sensor are on the same horizontal line, one end of the servo motor is close to the rear end of the displacement sensor, and the system also comprises a PLC, and the LabVIEW upper computer is electrically connected with the PLC, the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are electrically connected with the servo motor, and the LabVIEW upper computer is connected with the PLC.

How to conveniently detect the dynamic characteristic of electro-magnet, the platform is easily built, and it is very high to detect the precision, and low cost is a technical problem all the time.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device which is convenient to detect the dynamic characteristic of the electromagnet, easy to build a platform, high in detection precision and low in cost.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

The electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device comprises a constant voltage source, an electromagnet to be detected, a detection circuit and a recorder; the constant voltage source provides a working power supply for the detected electromagnet, the output current is sampled by the recorder, the detected electromagnet is arranged on a detection station, when the movable iron core of the detected electromagnet moves, the luminous flux in the detection circuit is shielded, the detection circuit sends out a light signal and receives the range of the luminous flux shielding signal, the range covers the movement stroke of the movable iron core of the electromagnet, the starting position or the end position shields partial light signals, the light signals are sampled by the recorder, the position of the movable iron core is represented, and a force value sensor in the detection circuit is connected with the recorder.

The constant voltage source is a direct current or alternating current voltage source with the internal resistance of the voltage source smaller than the impedance of the electromagnet by more than 1/10 or a voltage source with the output power of the voltage source more than 10 times larger than the power of the electromagnet to be tested, the alternating current electromagnet is tested, the constant voltage source is an alternating current constant voltage source, the constant voltage source is a direct current constant voltage source, the constant voltage source outputs a voltage amplitude value covering the working voltage of the electromagnet, and the current of the constant voltage source to the electromagnet power supply loop is sampled by a recorder.

The detection circuit comprises a uniform light, a parallel light generator, a uniform light spot receiver, a parallel light receiver and a force value sensor for detecting the thrust or the tension of the movable iron core, wherein an optical signal is converted into an electric signal, the shielding amount of the optical signal is monotonous with the electric signal, and the optical signal-to-electric signal receiver and the force value sensor are sampled by a recorder.

The recorder is an intelligent instrument or a personal computer with digital output and output, multi-channel A/D conversion and operation functions, comprises a communication component, an A/D acquisition card and a USB interface, and has the function of LCD graph display.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the present invention can display the current characteristic and speed characteristic of the electromagnet, such as the specific numerical value of insufficient speed of the high-speed electromagnet, modify the number of turns of the exciting coil, or improve the working voltage, or reduce the quality of the movable iron core, etc., so as to achieve the preset movement speed, such as the thrust of the conventional electromagnet, compared with the design index, the present invention can improve the performance ratio by changing the material, the structure of the magnetic circuit, etc., and can also realize the optimization by changing the magnetic circuit, the magnetic strength of the permanent magnet, the number of turns of the exciting coil, etc., if the movement speed or the thrust of the permanent magnet type electromagnet exceeds the standard or does not reach the standard. The current characteristic diagram, the motion characteristic diagram and the force value distribution diagram provided by the invention can clearly show important indexes of electromagnet characteristics such as start time, acceleration, end inertia and the like, are visual and clear, and can clearly provide numerical guidance significance for modifying the electromagnet. Furthermore, in some special occasions, for less vibration, the terminal momentum of the electromagnet is reduced by a method of ending the coil exciting current in advance, and the invention also provides an intuitive graphical guidance basis.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the constituent modules of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is an effect diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1, an electromagnet dynamic characteristic detection device includes a constant voltage source, an electromagnet to be detected, a detection circuit and a recorder; the constant voltage source provides working power supply for the detected electromagnet, the output current is sampled by the recorder, the detected electromagnet is arranged on the detection station, when the movable iron core of the detected electromagnet moves, shielding the luminous flux in the detection circuit, covering the working stroke of the electromagnet movable iron core by the range of the detection circuit sending out the optical signal and receiving the luminous flux shielding signal, shielding part of the optical signal at the starting position, shielding most but not all of the optical signal at the end position, sampling the optical signal by a recorder, representing the position of the movable iron core, sampling a force value sensor in the detection circuit by the recorder, by recording internal operation or transmitting the sampling value to a computer for analysis, the movement characteristic track, the initial current and the working current change condition of the electromagnet are carved, the method provides basis for designing and improving electromagnet parameters, and has the advantages of high detection precision, good real-time performance, low device manufacturing cost and the like.

The constant voltage source is a direct current or alternating current voltage source with the internal resistance of the voltage source smaller than the impedance of the electromagnet by more than 1/10 or a voltage source with the output power of the voltage source larger than the power of the electromagnet to be detected by more than 10 times, so that the actual working current of the electromagnet is not influenced by the internal resistance of the voltage source and is accurately sampled by a recorder. The method comprises the steps of testing an alternating current electromagnet, testing a direct current electromagnet, wherein a constant voltage source is an alternating current constant voltage source, and outputting a voltage amplitude value to cover the working voltage of the electromagnet. The current of the constant voltage source to the electromagnet power supply loop can be sampled by a recorder.

The detected electromagnet can be a direct current electromagnet, an alternating current electromagnet, a conventional low-speed electromagnet, a high-speed electromagnet, an electromagnetic electromagnet, a permanent magnet type electromagnet, a direct-acting electromagnet, a close-photographing type electromagnet and other electromagnets capable of shielding a light path.

The detection circuit comprises a uniform light generator, a parallel light generator, a uniform light spot receiver and a parallel light receiver, wherein the parallel light receiver comprises a force value sensor for detecting the thrust or the tension of the movable iron core, an optical signal is converted into an electric signal, the amount of the optical signal shielding is in a monotonic relation with the electric signal, and the optical signal-to-electric signal receiver and the force value sensor can be sampled by a recorder. The force value sensor can be manually set at the working position or can be given at the position by an electric mechanism such as a stepping motor. The light source can be white light, infrared light and the like, the optical signal receiver element in the detection circuit is a photoelectric conversion element capable of receiving and transmitting the wavelength of an optical device, an optical signal can be sampled by a recorder in real time after being converted into an electric signal, the optical path can be in a form of uniform light and parallel light, and can also be in an optical path with an anisotropic structure and used for detecting the non-direct-acting electromagnet, when the movable iron core moves forwards or backwards, the light shading quantity is increased or decreased, the change size is not limited to a linear conversion form, and the change size is a monotone curve.

The recorder is an intelligent instrument or a personal PC (personal computer) which can perform digital output and output, multi-channel A/D conversion, operation and other functions, comprises functional components such as a communication function, an A/D acquisition card, a USB interface and the like, and has an LCD (liquid crystal display) graphic display function.

The recorder firstly corrects the light path sampling signal, determines the electric signal value corresponding to the luminous flux of the static position (initial point) and the movement end point position of the movable iron core, and determines the movement distance.

The recorder is connected with the constant voltage source and the electromagnet through a switch, starts the electromagnet to start to act, samples the working current in real time until the movable iron core moves to the end point to obtain the current characteristic, and samples the optical signal change in the moving process in real time to obtain the speed characteristic of the movable iron core. According to the electromagnet classification, the sampling rate can be set to a normal rate (such as 1MHz/s), a low-speed rate (100kHz/s), a high-speed rate (10MHz/s) or a full-automatic rate after the movable iron core stroke is input.

When the signal value of the sampling light path of the recorder does not change any more, the moving iron core is confirmed to move to the end position, and the sampled current value and the sampled light on-off value (namely, speed value) are displayed on the LCD panel in a graphic form.

The detected electromagnet can be fixed on a station, and the shell or the static iron core and the detection station keep a relative static state.

The detection circuit comprises a movable force value sensor which can move back and forth relative to the end face of the movable iron core, and the recorder samples the force value of the sensor and can calibrate a curve relation graph of the movement distance of the movable iron core and the force value.

In fig. 2, the output end of the constant voltage source is connected in series with an ammeter a, which locally displays the current value and is sampled by a recorder, and is also connected with a voltmeter V for visually displaying whether the current voltage value meets the rated working voltage of the electromagnet to be tested. The voltage value can be set as a rated voltage value (1.0Ue), a higher voltage value (1.1Ue), an over-voltage value (1.2Ue) or an under-voltage value (0.7Ue) and the like, and the moving iron core of the electromagnet under different voltage value conditions is detected, so that a multi-dimensional state diagram of the movement of the electromagnet can be formed, and the fluctuation condition of the moving characteristic of the electromagnet can be comprehensively displayed.

The rear end of the ammeter is connected with a switch K1 controlled by a monitor, and when K1 is switched on, the electromagnet is electrified to work, and the movable iron core starts to move.

High-density light-emitting diodes are arranged above the movable iron core in a row S1-SN, correspondingly, high-density photodiode arrays Q1-QN are arranged below the movable iron core, the left ends of the arrays exceed the initial position P1 of the movable iron core, the right ends of the arrays cover the final position P2 of the movable iron core, the arrays are spaced at intervals of 1mm or 5mm and the like, depending on the requirements of the moving length and the detection precision of the movable iron core, when Q1 is shielded, Q1 outputs low level (or high level), and the rest is analogized, a recorder scans the high level of Q1-QN to determine the initial position of the movable iron core.

The recorder closes the switch K1, samples the current value and scanning Q1-QN overturn condition in real time according to the preset sampling rate and records the current value and scanning Q1-QN overturn condition in the internal database until the photosensitive diode in the Q1-QN is scanned for a period of time (such as 5ms) and does not change any more, the moving of the movable iron core is confirmed to be finished, and the current characteristic and speed characteristic data value is displayed on the display in a graphic mode or displayed in different places after being backed up through interfaces such as USB and the like.

The movable force value sensor adjusts the relative distance with the end face of the movable iron core, detects the thrust (or pulling force) of the movable iron core at the relative distance, gradually changes the relative distance, can obtain the thrust value of the movable iron core in the whole moving process, and displays graphs.

In fig. 3, a homogeneous light-emitting plate is used as a light-emitting element, a photo resistor is used as a receiving element, when the movable iron core is at an initial position, a part of light field is shielded, the photo resistor outputs a smaller (or larger) signal, when the movable iron core moves, more light field is shielded, the photo resistor outputs a signal from small to large (or from large to small), when the movable iron core moves to a terminal, most of light field is shielded, and the photo resistor outputs a larger (or smaller) signal. The output signal of the photoresistor and the moving distance of the movable iron core form a monotonous curve. By recording the numerical value fitting of the internal program, the relation between the light field and the moving distance of the movable iron core can be linearly regressed and expressed, and further the relation curve of the moving speed of the movable iron core is displayed.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of data collected by an electromagnet under a rated voltage by using the method and the apparatus of the present invention, wherein curves I, V and N respectively represent curves of current, speed and force value, wherein the time between t0 and t1 is the "start time" of the electromagnet, and the product of the value of the V tail end of the speed coil and the mass of the plunger is the "tail end momentum" of the plunger.