1. An efficient treatment process for oily sludge, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, preheating the oily sludge and the oil absorption balls, and then spreading the oily sludge on a screen;

s2, applying a magnetic field below the screen mesh to force the oil absorption balls to penetrate through the oil-containing sludge to form dense pore channels, and then injecting hot water into the pore channels;

s3, repeating the penetrating action of the oil absorption balls for 5-10 times until the oil-containing sludge completely passes through the screen, and standing and cooling the mixture below the screen to room temperature;

s4, layering oil, water and sludge in the mixture from top to bottom, wherein the oil absorption ball is positioned in the sludge, applying a magnetic field to recover the oil absorption ball, and adsorbing the residual oil in the water and the sludge by the oil absorption ball in the migration process;

and S5, performing three-phase separation on the oil, the water and the sludge, respectively purifying the oil and the water, and drying and incinerating the sludge.

2. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S1, the oily sludge and the oil absorption balls are preheated to 70-80 ℃ and are always lower than the hot water temperature in the step S2.

3. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature of the hot water in the step S2 is 70-85 ℃, and the water injection quantity stops to overflow the upper surface of the oily sludge.

4. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step S3, hot water is supplemented into the mixture until the volume of the mixture is 5-8 times of the volume of the oily sludge.

5. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the oil absorption ball comprises a porous spherical shell (1), an expansion air bag (2) and a thermal change coat, wherein the expansion air bag (2) is positioned on the inner side of the porous spherical shell (1), the porous spherical shell (1) is positioned on the inner side of the thermal change coat, and fluid-variable fluid is filled between the thermal change coat and the porous spherical shell (1).

6. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the heat change coat comprises a plurality of coating portions and a plurality of oil absorption portions, the coating portions and the oil absorption portions are distributed in a staggered mode, the coating portions comprise outer flow deflectors (3), long support rods (6) and middle covering films (8), the long support rods (6) are connected between the outer flow deflectors (3) and the porous spherical shell (1), the oil absorption portions comprise inner repelling pieces (4), oil absorption material layers (5) and short support rods (7), the short support rods (7) are connected between the inner repelling pieces (4) and the porous spherical shell (1), the oil absorption material layers (5) are connected to the inner repelling pieces (4) and far away from one end of the porous spherical shell (1), and the middle covering films (8) are connected between the outer flow deflectors (3) and the inner repelling pieces (4).

7. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the outer flow deflector (3) is made of hard hydrophobic oleophylic materials, and the outer flow deflector (3) is in an outward convex shape.

8. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner repelling sheet (4) is made of a magnet, the inner repelling sheet (4) is in an inward convex shape, and magnetic poles of one end, far away from the porous spherical shell (1), of the magnet are kept consistent.

9. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the expansion air bag (2) is filled with gas with high thermal expansion coefficient, and the gas is one of hydrogen, helium or nitrogen.

10. The efficient treatment process of oily sludge according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: the rheological fluid is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1 and a non-newtonian liquid, and the high permeability material is preferably a sheet structure.

Background

In the upstream exploration and development, oil and gas gathering and transportation, sewage treatment, tank bottom cleaning and downstream petroleum smelting processes of petroleum, a large amount of mixed leakage containing petroleum hydrocarbons is generated to the environment due to process equipment, manual operation and the like, and the solid and semisolid mixed leakage is called as oily sludge.

The oily sludge has complex components, generally consists of oil-in-water, water-in-oil and suspended solids, and is a stable suspended emulsion semi-liquid system. The sludge particles are fine and are flocculent inside. The oil and water density difference is small, the water content is high, generally between 40 and 90 percent, the emulsification is sufficient, the viscosity is high, and the sedimentation is difficult. The sludge particles have poor stability, are easy to decay and generate stink, pollute air and have great harmfulness in production and environmental protection. The oily sludge has complex components and greatly different physical and chemical properties, so the treatment technology is also diversified.

Most of the existing oily sludge treatment processes are complicated, common separation can be carried out by using the characteristic that water and oil are immiscible, but the treatment means before and after separation are too complex, the separation effect is poor, a large amount of micro oil drops still exist in water and are difficult to effectively layer, not only can the partial waste of oil resources be caused, but also the treated water is easy to pollute, and the cost is increased accordingly.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an efficient treatment process for oily sludge, which can crush the oily sludge through an oil absorption ball and simultaneously form a through hole channel, then inject hot water into the hole channel, accelerate the splitting of the oily sludge by utilizing the characteristic of larger hole pressure, simultaneously wash oil through larger osmotic pressure more easily by the hot water, form a mixture after the oily sludge is fully crushed, independently stratify the mixture after cooling, recover the action of the oil absorption ball by utilizing a magnetic field, generate a local contraction phenomenon after cooling, actively adsorb sludge and residual oil drops in water in the sludge-water-oil migration process, obviously improve the recovery rate of the oil, and simultaneously directly reuse the treated water, compared with the prior art, the process of the invention is simple and efficient, can greatly improve the treatment effect on the oily sludge, particularly in the context of oil recovery.

2. Technical scheme

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

An efficient treatment process for oily sludge, comprising the following steps:

s1, preheating the oily sludge and the oil absorption balls, and then spreading the oily sludge on a screen;

s2, applying a magnetic field below the screen mesh to force the oil absorption balls to penetrate through the oil-containing sludge to form dense pore channels, and then injecting hot water into the pore channels;

s3, repeating the penetrating action of the oil absorption balls for 5-10 times until the oil-containing sludge completely passes through the screen, and standing and cooling the mixture below the screen to room temperature;

s4, layering oil, water and sludge in the mixture from top to bottom, wherein the oil absorption ball is positioned in the sludge, applying a magnetic field to recover the oil absorption ball, and adsorbing the residual oil in the water and the sludge by the oil absorption ball in the migration process;

and S5, performing three-phase separation on the oil, the water and the sludge, respectively purifying the oil and the water, and drying and incinerating the sludge.

Further, the oily sludge and the oil absorption balls in the step S1 are preheated to 70-80 ℃ and are always lower than the hot water temperature in the step S2.

Further, the temperature of the hot water in the step S2 is 70-85 ℃, and the water injection quantity stops to overflow the upper surface of the oily sludge.

Further, in the step S3, hot water is added to the mixture until the volume of the mixture is 5 to 8 times of the volume of the oily sludge.

Further, the oil absorption ball comprises a porous spherical shell, an expansion air bag and a thermal change coat, wherein the expansion air bag is located on the inner side of the porous spherical shell, the porous spherical shell is located on the inner side of the thermal change coat, rheological fluid is filled between the thermal change coat and the porous spherical shell, the expansion air bag is subjected to thermal expansion in a high-temperature state through the perception of the expansion air bag on the external temperature, then the extrusion rheological fluid acts on the thermal change coat to enable the thermal change coat to deform and enter an isolation state, and therefore the oil absorption is not performed in advance to cause saturation, and the subsequent oil absorption effect is reduced.

Further, the heat change coat comprises a plurality of coating portions and a plurality of oil absorption portions, the coating portions and the oil absorption portions are distributed in a staggered mode, the coating portions comprise outer guide vanes, long support rods and middle covering films, the long support rods are connected between the outer guide vanes and the porous spherical shell, the oil absorption portions comprise inner repelling sheets, oil absorption material layers and short support rods, the short support rods are connected between the inner repelling sheets and the porous spherical shell, the oil absorption material layers are connected to one ends, far away from the porous spherical shell, of the inner repelling sheets, the middle covering films are connected between the outer guide vanes and the inner repelling sheets, the oil absorption material layers are located on the outer side and directly contact with the external environment under a normal state, rheological fluid under a high-temperature state acts on the middle covering films after being extruded, the middle covering films are forced to expand to cover the oil absorption material layers, and isolation between the oil absorption material layers and the external environment is achieved.

Furthermore, outer water conservancy diversion piece adopts the hydrophobic oleophylic material of stereoplasm to make, and outer water conservancy diversion piece is the evagination shape, and outer water conservancy diversion piece not only can effectively protect the oil absorption ball and reduce the resistance when suspending, can absorb the interior piece that repels of the interior guide to week side with the oil droplet that contacts simultaneously.

Further, interior repulsion piece adopts magnet to make, and interior repulsion piece is interior protruding shape, the magnetic pole that porous spherical shell one end was kept unanimous to magnet, interior repulsion piece can hold bigger oil absorption material layer, and interior repulsion piece on the adjacent oil absorption ball is in the magnetic repulsion state, arouse the ascending disturbance of horizontal direction easily at the migration in-process, thereby improve the contact effect of water and oil absorption ball, not only can destroy the coexistent stable state of water oil, promote the water oil layering, can improve the probability that oil absorption ball and oil drip contacted simultaneously, and then improve the oil absorption effect in water, interior repulsion piece can also be through the adsorption of convection current become liquid in addition, force it tightly to adsorb on interior repulsion piece after well tectorial membrane inflation, thereby effectively wrap up oil absorption material layer, improve and keep apart the effect.

Furthermore, the expansion air bag is filled with gas with high thermal expansion coefficient, the gas is one of hydrogen, helium or nitrogen, and the expansion air bag has obvious expansion phenomenon after being heated, so that the extrusion rheological fluid acts on the middle covering film, and the middle covering film has good expansion effect.

Further, the rheological fluid is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the high-permeability material is preferably a sheet structure, the rheological liquid can flow after being extruded and has a certain buffering protection effect, and on the other hand, the rheological liquid can shield part of a magnetic field to reduce interference on the inner repelling sheet and can be attracted by the magnetic field and the inner repelling sheet to perform corresponding actions.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) according to the scheme, the through hole channel can be formed while the oily sludge is crushed through the oil absorption ball, then hot water is injected into the hole channel, the splitting of the oily sludge is accelerated by utilizing the characteristic of large hole pressure, meanwhile, the hot water can more easily wash oil through large osmotic pressure, a mixture is formed after the oily sludge is fully crushed, the mixture is automatically layered after cooling, the action of the oil absorption ball is recovered by utilizing a magnetic field, the oil absorption ball can generate a local contraction phenomenon after cooling, the sludge and residual oil drops in water can be actively adsorbed in the sludge-water-oil migration process, the recovery rate of the oil is remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the treated water can be directly reused.

(2) The oil absorption ball comprises a porous ball shell, an expansion air bag and a thermal change coat, wherein the expansion air bag is positioned on the inner side of the porous ball shell, the porous ball shell is positioned on the inner side of the thermal change coat, rheological fluid is filled between the thermal change coat and the porous ball shell, the expansion air bag is subjected to thermal expansion in a high-temperature state through the perception of the expansion air bag on the external temperature, and then the extrusion rheological fluid acts on the thermal change coat to promote the thermal change coat to deform and enter an isolation state, so that the oil absorption cannot be performed in advance to cause saturation, and the subsequent oil absorption effect is reduced.

(3) The heat change coat comprises a plurality of coating portions and a plurality of oil absorption portions, the coating portions and the oil absorption portions are distributed in a staggered mode, the coating portions comprise outer guide vanes, long support rods and middle covering films, the long support rods are connected between the outer guide vanes and the porous spherical shell, the oil absorption portions comprise inner repelling sheets, oil absorption material layers and short support rods, the short support rods are connected between the inner repelling sheets and the porous spherical shell, the oil absorption material layers are connected to one ends, far away from the porous spherical shell, of the inner repelling sheets, the middle covering films are connected between the outer guide vanes and the inner repelling sheets, the oil absorption material layers are located on the outer side and directly contacted with the external environment in a normal state, flowing and changing liquid in a high-temperature state acts on the middle covering films after being extruded, the middle covering films are forced to expand and cover the oil absorption material layers, and accordingly isolation between the oil absorption material layers and the external environment is achieved.

(4) The outer flow deflector is made of hard hydrophobic oleophylic materials and is in an outward convex shape, the outer flow deflector can effectively protect the oil absorption ball and reduce the resistance during suspension, and meanwhile, oil drops contacted with the outer flow deflector can be guided to the inner repelling pieces on the peripheral side to be absorbed.

(5) Interior repulsion piece adopts magnet to make, and interior repulsion piece is interior protruding shape, the magnetic pole that porous spherical shell one end was kept away from to magnet keeps unanimous, interior repulsion piece can hold bigger oil absorption material layer, and interior repulsion piece on the adjacent oil absorption ball is in the magnetic repulsion state, arouse the ascending disturbance of horizontal direction easily at the migration in-process, thereby improve the contact effect of water and oil absorption ball, not only can destroy the stable condition that water and oil coexist, promote the water oil layering, can improve the probability that oil absorption ball and oil drip contacted simultaneously, and then improve the oil absorption effect in water, interior repulsion piece can also be through the adsorption of convection current becomes liquid in addition, force it tightly to adsorb on interior repulsion piece after the tectorial membrane inflation in, thereby effectively carry out the cladding to oil absorption material layer, improve the isolation effect.

(6) The expansion air bag is filled with gas with high thermal expansion coefficient, the gas is one of hydrogen, helium or nitrogen, and the expansion air bag has obvious expansion phenomenon after being heated, so that the extrusion rheological fluid acts on the middle covering film, and the middle covering film has good expansion effect.

(7) The rheological fluid is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the high-permeability material is preferably a sheet structure, the rheological liquid can flow after being extruded and has a certain buffering protection effect, and on the other hand, the rheological liquid can shield part of a magnetic field to reduce interference on the inner repelling sheet and can be attracted by the magnetic field and the inner repelling sheet to perform corresponding actions.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention when the oily sludge is crushed;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the oil absorption ball of the present invention during recycling;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the oil absorption ball according to the present invention in a heated state;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the oil absorption ball in a normal state.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:

the air bag comprises a porous spherical shell 1, an inflatable air bag 2, an outer flow deflector 3, an inner repelling sheet 4, an oil absorption material layer 5, a long support rod 6, a short support rod 7 and a middle coating film 8.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1-3, a process for efficiently treating oily sludge includes the following steps:

s1, preheating the oily sludge and the oil absorption balls, and then spreading the oily sludge on a screen;

s2, applying a magnetic field below the screen mesh to force the oil absorption balls to penetrate through the oil-containing sludge to form dense pore channels, and then injecting hot water into the pore channels;

s3, repeating the penetrating action of the oil absorption balls for 5-10 times until the oil-containing sludge completely passes through the screen, and standing and cooling the mixture below the screen to room temperature;

s4, layering oil, water and sludge in the mixture from top to bottom, wherein the oil absorption ball is positioned in the sludge, applying a magnetic field to recover the oil absorption ball, and adsorbing the residual oil in the water and the sludge by the oil absorption ball in the migration process;

and S5, performing three-phase separation on the oil, the water and the sludge, respectively purifying the oil and the water, and drying and incinerating the sludge.

In the step S1, the oily sludge and the oil absorption balls are preheated to 70-80 ℃ and are always lower than the hot water temperature in the step S2.

The temperature of the hot water in the step S2 is 70-85 ℃, and the water injection quantity is stopped to overflow the upper surface of the oily sludge.

In step S3, hot water is added to the mixture until the volume of the mixture is 5-8 times of that of the oily sludge.

Referring to fig. 4-5, the oil absorption ball comprises a porous spherical shell 1, an expansion air bag 2 and a thermal change coat, wherein the expansion air bag 2 is positioned at the inner side of the porous spherical shell 1, the porous spherical shell 1 is positioned at the inner side of the thermal change coat, rheological fluid is filled between the thermal change coat and the porous spherical shell 1, the expansion air bag 2 is heated and expanded at a high temperature state through sensing the expansion air bag 2 for the external temperature, and then the rheological fluid is extruded to act on the thermal change coat to enable the thermal change coat to deform to enter an isolation state, so that the subsequent oil absorption effect is not reduced due to early oil absorption.

The heat change coat comprises a plurality of coating portions and a plurality of oil absorption portions, the coating portions and the oil absorption portions are distributed in a staggered mode, the coating portions comprise outer guide vanes 3, long support rods 6 and middle coated films 8, the long support rods 6 are connected between the outer guide vanes 3 and the porous spherical shell 1, the oil absorption portions comprise inner repelling sheets 4, oil absorption material layers 5 and short support rods 7, the short support rods 7 are connected between the inner repelling sheets 4 and the porous spherical shell 1, the oil absorption material layers 5 are connected to one ends, far away from the porous spherical shell 1, of the inner repelling sheets 4, the middle coated films 8 are connected between the outer guide vanes 3 and the inner repelling sheets 4, the oil absorption material layers 5 are in direct contact with the external environment at the outer side in a normal state, rheological fluid acts on the middle coated films 8 after being extruded at a high temperature state, the middle coated films 8 are forced to expand and cover the oil absorption material layers 5, and accordingly isolation between the oil absorption material layers 5 and the external environment is achieved.

The outer flow deflector 3 is made of hard hydrophobic oleophylic material, the outer flow deflector 3 is in an outward convex shape, the outer flow deflector 3 can effectively protect the oil absorption ball and reduce the resistance during suspension, and simultaneously can guide the contacted oil drops to the inner repelling pieces 4 on the peripheral side for absorption.

Interior repulsion piece 4 adopts magnet to make, and interior repulsion piece 4 is interior protruding shape, the magnetic pole that porous spherical shell 1 one end was kept away from to magnet keeps unanimous, interior repulsion piece 4 can hold bigger oil absorption material layer 5, and interior repulsion piece 4 on the adjacent oil absorption ball is in the magnetic repulsion state, arouse the ascending disturbance of horizontal direction easily at the migration in-process, thereby improve the contact effect of water and oil absorption ball, not only can destroy the coexistent stable state of water oil, promote the water oil layering, can improve oil absorption ball and oil drop contact's probability simultaneously, and then improve the oil absorption effect in water, interior repulsion piece 4 can also be through the adsorption of convection current become liquid in addition, force it tightly to adsorb on interior repulsion piece 4 after 8 expansions of well tectorial membrane, thereby effectively carry out the cladding to oil absorption material layer 5, improve the isolation effect.

The expansion air bag 2 is filled with gas with high thermal expansion coefficient, the gas is one of hydrogen, helium or nitrogen, and the expansion air bag 2 has obvious expansion phenomenon after being heated, so that the extrusion rheological fluid acts on the middle covering film 8, and the middle covering film has good expansion effect.

The rheological fluid is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1, the high-permeability material is preferably a sheet structure, the rheological liquid can flow after being extruded and has a certain buffering protection effect, and on the other hand, the rheological liquid can shield part of the magnetic field to reduce the interference on the inner repelling sheet 4, and can be attracted by the magnetic field and the inner repelling sheet 4 to perform corresponding actions.

According to the invention, the through pore canal can be formed while the oily sludge is crushed through the oil absorption ball, then hot water is injected into the pore canal, the splitting of the oily sludge is accelerated by utilizing the characteristic of larger pore pressure, meanwhile, the hot water can more easily wash the oil through larger osmotic pressure, a mixture is formed after the oily sludge is fully crushed, the mixture is automatically layered after cooling, the action of the oil absorption ball is recovered by utilizing a magnetic field, the oil absorption ball can generate a local contraction phenomenon after cooling, the sludge and residual oil drops in water can be actively adsorbed in the sludge-water-oil migration process, the recovery rate of the oil is obviously improved, and the treated water can be directly reused.

The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.