1. An intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, puncturing the tumor substitute by using a dosimeter implanter, implanting dosimeters at specific points, puncturing brain tissue equivalent fillers around the tumor substitute, and implanting dosimeters at multiple points;

s2, making a preoperative plan, designing a proper puncture path according to the preoperative plan, determining a puncture layer plane and a specific position, and puncturing a tumor substitute by using a puncture needle;

s3, implanting particles according to the preoperative plan after all puncture needles puncture to the implantation positions, taking out all dosimeters and reading the actual dosages;

and S4, making a postoperative plan, and comparing the actual dose with the particle dose for verification.

2. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 1, wherein: s1, utilizing a dosimeter implanter to puncture a tumor substitute, implanting dosimeters at specific points, then puncturing brain tissue equivalent fillers around the tumor substitute, and implanting dosimeters at multiple points, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

placing the skull model on a horizontal table, opening a bone cover, heating the brain tissue equivalent filler, and pouring the brain tissue equivalent filler into the skull model after the brain tissue equivalent filler is melted into transparent liquid;

the long needle is used for puncturing the tumor substitute and is placed in a proper position in the brain tissue equivalent filler, and the puncture needle is pulled out after the brain tissue equivalent filler is cooled and solidified;

utilizing a dosimeter implanter to puncture a tumor substitute and implanting dosimeters at specific points;

and (3) puncturing equivalent fillers of brain tissues around the tumor substitutes by using a dosimeter implanter, implanting dosimeters at multiple points, and covering a bone cover to form a craniocerebral model.

3. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 2, wherein: and S2, making a preoperative plan, comprising:

attaching a positioning mark on the surface of the skull model, carrying out CT scanning on the skull model, transmitting a CT image into a treatment planning system, and making a preoperative plan;

the preoperative plan comprises designing a puncture position and a needle path direction, setting particle activity, calculating and recording particle dose D₁And an implantation site L₁。

4. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 3, wherein: in S2, a proper puncture path is designed according to the preoperative plan, and the puncture level and the specific position are determined, including:

and checking the relative position relation between the tumor substitute and the positioning mark, designing a proper puncture path on the CT image based on the preoperative plan, determining a puncture layer by utilizing a CT laser line, and determining a puncture point by utilizing the positioning mark.

5. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 4, wherein: s2 is a method for puncturing a tumor substitute, comprising:

if the puncture point is near the reserved puncture hole, pulling out the rubber plug to directly complete puncture from the puncture hole; otherwise, drilling holes at the positions of the skull model corresponding to the puncture points by using a bone drill, and then puncturing the tumor substitutes.

6. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 5, wherein: s3 waiting for all puncture needles to puncture to the implantation position L₁The particles were then implanted according to a preoperative plan, including:

after the puncture needle is inserted into the needle for a certain depth, the current puncture direction is determined by utilizing CT, and if the puncture direction is consistent with the needle path direction, the puncture needle directly punctures to the implantation position L₁Otherwise, scanning the CT again after correcting the deviation;

after the implantation of the particles, the current particle position and the implantation position L are confirmed by CT₁Whether they are consistent.

7. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 6, wherein: s3, all dosimeters are taken out and the actual dosages are read, including:

setting the time interval for measuring the dosage, taking out all the dosimeters after the time interval and reading the actual dosage D₃。

8. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 7, wherein: and S4, making a postoperative plan, including:

carrying out CT scanning on the craniocerebral model, transmitting a CT image into a treatment planning system, and making a postoperative plan;

the postoperative planning includes calculating and recording a particle dose D₂And an implantation site L₂。

9. The intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method as recited in claim 8, wherein: comparing the actual dose with the particle dose in step S4, including:

dose D of particles calculated and recorded in postoperative planning₂And the actual dose D₃And carrying out comparison and verification.

Background

¹²⁵The radioactive particles I belong to one kind of radiotherapy, after a puncture needle punctures a tumor, a micro radioactive source is implanted into the tumor through a needle passage, and the particles continuously release gamma rays in the tumor to further kill the tumor. Mainly applied to prostate cancer in foreign countries, and applied to solid tumors of all parts of the whole body in China, and obtains better curative effect. Because the implantation of radioactive seeds into intracranial tumors requires intracranial operation, which is a high risk and a high technical requirement, there are few units for developing the technology nationwide. The doctor is difficult to master the technique through practice in a short time, and needs to follow the superior doctor for a long time to practice actual operation skills in the operation. At present, although a multifunctional image-guided puncture practice phantom is disclosed in patent with publication number CN 211699445U, it is far from the specific situation of intracranial tumor, and it is difficult to effectively simulate the whole process and technical details of intracranial tumor puncture.

In addition, preoperative planning is required to be performed by using a treatment planning system before the particles are implanted, and the dose received by the periphery of the tumor when the particles are distributed is calculated, but the calculation result is only a calculation result, errors exist among different planning systems, and no relevant research exists at present when the calculated value of any planning system is closest to the true value. At present, there is a patent of a two-dimensional and three-dimensional dose verification die body for measuring the combination of a plurality of particles, in order to apply a solid water material flat plate, the plate is punched at equal intervals, particles can be placed in the holes, dosimeter slots are arranged at different distances from the center of the plate, and the dose can be measured by a heat and light release dosimeter. The particle distribution of the dose verification model body is limited by the holes in the solid water plate and can only be placed at a fixed position, the particle distribution is irregular in clinic, the design and clinic are greatly different, the difference between the dose verification model body and the human body structure is large, and the influence of different tissue densities is not considered.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method, which can effectively overcome the defects that the intracranial tumor puncture environment cannot be truly simulated and the particle dose cannot be effectively verified in the prior art.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method comprises the following steps:

s1, puncturing the tumor substitute by using a dosimeter implanter, implanting dosimeters at specific points, puncturing brain tissue equivalent fillers around the tumor substitute, and implanting dosimeters at multiple points;

s2, making a preoperative plan, designing a proper puncture path according to the preoperative plan, determining a puncture layer plane and a specific position, and puncturing a tumor substitute by using a puncture needle;

s3, implanting particles according to the preoperative plan after all puncture needles puncture to the implantation positions, taking out all dosimeters and reading the actual dosages;

and S4, making a postoperative plan, and comparing the actual dose with the particle dose for verification.

Preferably, in S1, the method comprises the steps of penetrating the tumor substitute with a dosimeter implanter, implanting the dosimeter at a specific point, penetrating the equivalent filler of the brain tissue around the tumor substitute, and implanting the dosimeter at multiple points, comprising:

placing the skull model on a horizontal table, opening a bone cover, heating the brain tissue equivalent filler, and pouring the brain tissue equivalent filler into the skull model after the brain tissue equivalent filler is melted into transparent liquid;

the long needle is used for puncturing the tumor substitute and is placed in a proper position in the brain tissue equivalent filler, and the puncture needle is pulled out after the brain tissue equivalent filler is cooled and solidified;

utilizing a dosimeter implanter to puncture a tumor substitute and implanting dosimeters at specific points;

and (3) puncturing equivalent fillers of brain tissues around the tumor substitutes by using a dosimeter implanter, implanting dosimeters at multiple points, and covering a bone cover to form a craniocerebral model.

Preferably, the preoperative plan is formulated in S2, including:

attaching a positioning mark on the surface of the skull model, carrying out CT scanning on the skull model, transmitting a CT image into a treatment planning system, and making a preoperative plan;

the preoperative plan comprises designing a puncture position and a needle path direction, setting particle activity, calculating and recording particle dose D₁And an implantation site L₁。

Preferably, in S2, a proper puncture path is designed according to the preoperative plan, and the puncture level and the specific location are determined, including:

and checking the relative position relation between the tumor substitute and the positioning mark, designing a proper puncture path on the CT image based on the preoperative plan, determining a puncture layer by utilizing a CT laser line, and determining a puncture point by utilizing the positioning mark.

Preferably, the puncturing the tumor substitute with the puncture needle in S2 includes:

if the puncture point is near the reserved puncture hole, pulling out the rubber plug to directly complete puncture from the puncture hole; otherwise, drilling holes at the positions of the skull model corresponding to the puncture points by using a bone drill, and then puncturing the tumor substitutes.

Preferably, all puncture needles are to be punctured to the implantation position L in S3₁The particles were then implanted according to a preoperative plan, including:

after the puncture needle is inserted into the needle for a certain depth, the current puncture direction is determined by utilizing CT, and if the puncture direction is consistent with the needle path direction, the puncture needle directly punctures to the implantation position L₁Otherwise, scanning the CT again after correcting the deviation;

after the implantation of the particles, the current particle position and the implantation position L are confirmed by CT₁Whether they are consistent.

Preferably, all dosimeters are taken out S3 and the actual dose is read, including:

setting the time interval for measuring the dosage, taking out all the dosimeters after the time interval and reading the actual dosage D₃。

Preferably, the post-operative planning in S4 includes:

carrying out CT scanning on the craniocerebral model, transmitting a CT image into a treatment planning system, and making a postoperative plan;

the postoperative planning includes calculating and recording a particle dose D₂And an implantation site L₂。

Preferably, the comparing of the actual dose with the particle dose in S4 includes:

dose D of particles calculated and recorded in postoperative planning₂And the actual dose D₃And carrying out comparison and verification.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method provided by the invention can simulate an intracranial tumor puncture environment to the maximum extent, duplicate the whole process of puncturing the intracranial tumor in an operation and the feeling of puncturing various tissues, is convenient for a doctor to promote an operation technology, can solve the defects of the existing dose verification die body, and can effectively verify the dose of particles.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a skull model according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the craniocerebral model of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

An intracranial tumor radioactive particle implantation training and dose verification method is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:

s1, puncturing the tumor substitute by using a dosimeter implanter, implanting dosimeters at specific points, puncturing brain tissue equivalent fillers around the tumor substitute, and implanting dosimeters at multiple points;

s2, making a preoperative plan, designing a proper puncture path according to the preoperative plan, determining a puncture layer plane and a specific position, and puncturing a tumor substitute by using a puncture needle;

s3, implanting particles according to the preoperative plan after all puncture needles puncture to the implantation positions, taking out all dosimeters and reading the actual dosages;

and S4, making a postoperative plan, and comparing the actual dose with the particle dose for verification.

S1, utilizing a dosimeter implanter to puncture a tumor substitute, implanting dosimeters at specific points, then puncturing brain tissue equivalent fillers around the tumor substitute, and implanting dosimeters at multiple points, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

placing the skull model on a horizontal table, opening a bone cover, heating the brain tissue equivalent filler, and pouring the brain tissue equivalent filler into the skull model after the brain tissue equivalent filler is melted into transparent liquid;

the long needle is used for puncturing the tumor substitute and is placed in a proper position in the brain tissue equivalent filler, and the puncture needle is pulled out after the brain tissue equivalent filler is cooled and solidified;

utilizing a dosimeter implanter to puncture a tumor substitute and implanting dosimeters at specific points;

and (3) puncturing equivalent fillers of brain tissues around the tumor substitutes by using a dosimeter implanter, implanting dosimeters at multiple points, and covering a bone cover to form a craniocerebral model.

And S2, making a preoperative plan, comprising:

attaching a positioning mark on the surface of the skull model, carrying out CT scanning on the skull model, transmitting a CT image into a treatment planning system, and making a preoperative plan;

the preoperative plan includes designing puncture position and needle path direction, setting particle activity, calculating and recording particle dose D₁And an implantation site L₁。

In S2, a proper puncture path is designed according to the preoperative plan, and the puncture level and the specific position are determined, including:

and checking the relative position relation between the tumor substitute and the positioning mark, designing a proper puncture path on the CT image based on the preoperative plan, determining a puncture layer by utilizing a CT laser line, and determining a puncture point by utilizing the positioning mark.

S2 is a method for puncturing a tumor substitute, comprising:

if the puncture point is near the reserved puncture hole, pulling out the rubber plug to directly complete puncture from the puncture hole; otherwise, drilling holes at the positions of the skull model corresponding to the puncture points by using a bone drill, and then puncturing the tumor substitutes.

S3 waiting for all puncture needles to puncture to the implantation position L₁The particles were then implanted according to a preoperative plan, including:

after the puncture needle is inserted into the needle for a certain depth, the current puncture direction is determined by utilizing CT, and if the puncture direction is consistent with the needle path direction, the puncture needle directly punctures to the implantation position L₁Otherwise, scanning the CT again after correcting the deviation;

after the implantation of the particles, the current particle position and the implantation position L are confirmed by CT₁Whether they are consistent.

S3, all dosimeters are taken out and the actual dosages are read, including:

setting the time interval for measuring the dosage, taking out all the dosimeters after the time interval and reading the actual dosage D₃。

And S4, making a postoperative plan, including:

carrying out CT scanning on the craniocerebral model, transmitting a CT image into a treatment planning system, and making a postoperative plan;

postoperative planning involves calculating and recording the particle dose D₂And an implantation site L₂。

Comparing the actual dose with the particle dose in step S4, including:

dose D of particles calculated and recorded in postoperative planning₂And the actual dose D₃And carrying out comparison and verification.

According to the technical scheme, the copper metal mark inside the skull model is used for determining the relative position of the tumor substitute under the image, so that the particle implantation operation of the same part can be repeatedly exercised for multiple times. After the practice is finished, the bone cover can be opened, part of the brain tissue equivalent filler and the tumor substitute are taken out, the brain tissue equivalent filler is melted and poured into the model, the tumor substitute is placed in different positions, and the brain tissue equivalent filler can be reused after being cooled and solidified.

In the technical solution of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, the craniocerebral model includes:

1) the skull model is made of skeleton equal-density materials, the size and the shape of the skull model are consistent with those of an adult Chinese skull, a top window with the diameter of 40mm is arranged at the top of the skull model, and a bone cover is arranged on the top window and is of an opening and closing structure; puncture holes with the diameter of 5mm are arranged on the middle line of the lateral surface of the skull from top to bottom at intervals of 10mm, and the puncture holes are provided with rubber plugs; 3 copper metal marks with the diameter of 1mm are arranged on the middle horizontal surface of the skull model in an equilateral triangle and are used for positioning;

2) the rubber membrane is arranged on the inner side of the skull model in a manner of clinging to the skull to simulate dura mater, and a doctor can penetrate through the rubber membrane to generate a falling feeling when practicing puncture;

3) the brain tissue equivalent filler is completely filled in the whole skull model, the substance has the touch and hardness similar to those of the brain tissue, and the CT value is close to that of the brain tissue;

4) the tumor substitute is rubber balls with different diameters of 1-5cm and different sizes, can be placed in different positions in the skull to simulate tumors, and a thermoluminescent dosimeter can be placed on the surface or in the rubber ball in advance for dose measurement after the particle implantation;

5) the dosimeter implanter punctures the specific position in the rubber ball or filler, can implant the thermoluminescence dosimeter and be used for measuring the dosage, and the dosimeter implanter is the sharp inclined plane's of point needle type thing, has the nook closing member, and the cross-section is rectangle, and internal diameter length 4mm, wide 1mm, and this cross-section just allows the dosimeter to pass through, and length is 10 cm.

The top of the skull model is an openable structure which is used for placing or taking out the equivalent filler of brain tissue and the tumor substitute. Puncture holes are arranged on the middle line of the side surface of the skull model at intervals of 1cm and provided with rubber plugs, and the puncture holes are used for practicing puncture or implanting dosimeters. The skull model can be perforated at any position for puncture practice or for an implanted dosimeter to measure the dose after implantation of the seed.

Filling a brain tissue equivalent filler in the skull model to simulate brain tissue, placing rubber balls at different positions in the brain tissue equivalent filler to simulate tumors, and placing a thin-layer rubber membrane between the skull model and the brain tissue equivalent filler to simulate dura mater. The skull model, the brain tissue equivalent filler and the tumor equivalent material can be developed by CT and MRI, and have the density similar to that of the corresponding tissue under the CT image.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.