1. A layout structure of sensors in a switch cabinet comprises a shell and internal power equipment arranged in the shell, and is characterized in that the shell at least comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic partial discharge sensor, a micro-vibration sensor, an electric field sensor and a magnetic field sensor, and the output ends of all the sensors are connected with the input end of a main control unit of the switch cabinet; the temperature sensors and the humidity sensors respectively comprise at least three and are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the shell; the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors at least comprise four sensors and are distributed at the top points in the shell; the micro-vibration sensor at least comprises one micro-vibration sensor and is arranged on internal power equipment; the electric field sensor and the magnetic field sensor respectively comprise at least one and are arranged on the inner wall of the shell.

2. The layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet according to claim 1, wherein all the sensors are wireless sensors, each sensor comprises a wireless transmitting module and a wireless receiving module, and all the sensors are connected with the input end of the main control unit of the switch cabinet through respective wireless transmitting modules.

3. The layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet according to claim 1, wherein the number of the temperature sensors is three, and the distribution positions of the three temperature sensors form a triangular structure; the humidity sensors are distributed above, in the middle and below the shell; the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors comprise four ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, and the four ultrasonic partial discharge sensors are respectively arranged at two diagonal vertexes at the upper part and two diagonal vertexes at the lower part in the shell, and the two diagonal vertexes at the lower part and the two diagonal vertexes at the upper part are mutually staggered.

4. The evaluation method of the layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, arranging and installing all temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, micro-vibration sensors, electric field sensors and magnetic field sensors in a shell of the switch cabinet;

s2, the main control unit of the switch cabinet receives data collected by each sensor, and the layout of each sensor is evaluated through an evaluation function;

s3, optimizing the layout of the sensor based on the result of the evaluation function obtained in step S2.

5. The evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the evaluation functions comprise a structure evaluation function and an efficiency evaluation function, the structure evaluation function is at least used for quantifying density, shape, residual space and network quality inside the switch cabinet, and the efficiency evaluation function is obtained through networking data collected by each sensor.

6. The evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein the structure evaluation function is represented by the following formula:

α＝f(ρ，s，R，w)

wherein alpha represents the grading of the internal environment structure of the switch cabinet, and rho represents the internal density of the switch cabinet, which is the total mass of the switch cabinet divided by the total volume, namelys represents the shape of the switchgear; r represents the residual space, in particular the volume V defined by the total volume V and the volume V of known shape s_sAre subtracted, i.e. V-V_s(ii) a w represents the network quality, specifically the packet loss rate when each sensor of the network group tests the connectivity.

7. The evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein the efficiency evaluation function is represented by the following formula:

β＝g(a₁，a₂，a₃...a_A)+h(b₁，b₂，b₃...b_B)+i(c₁，c₂，c₃...c_N)+j(d₁，d₂，d₃...d_D)+k(p₁，p₂，p₃...p_M)+l(t₁，t₂，t₃...t_T)

wherein β represents the efficiency score of the switch cabinet internal sensor; g (a)₁，a₂，a₃...a_A) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the temperature sensors, wherein A is the number of the temperature sensors; h (b)₁，b₂，b₃...b_B) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the humidity sensors, wherein B is the number of the humidity sensors; i (c)₁，c₂，c₃...c_N) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, wherein N is the number of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors; j (d)₁，d₂，d₃...d_D) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the micro-vibration sensors, wherein D is the number of the micro-vibration sensors; k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the electric field sensors, wherein M is the number of the electric field sensors; l (t)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T) Representing magnetic field sensingThe efficiency of the device is calculated by formula, and T is the number of the magnetic field sensors.

8. The evaluation method according to claim 7,

the efficiency of the temperature sensor is calculated as follows:

in the above formula, a₁，a₂，a₃...a_AThe tmp is the most suitable temperature for the operation of the switch cabinet;

the efficiency of the humidity sensor is calculated as follows:

in the above formula, b₁，b₂，b₃...b_BIs the data returned by the humidity sensor, epsilon₁，ε₂，ε₃...ε_BThe ratio weight of the humidity sensor at different positions is used, and hum is the optimum humidity of the switch cabinet during operation;

in the efficiency calculation formula of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor, c₁，c₂，c₃...c_NIs the data returned by the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor, if c_σ1 ≦ σ ≦ N, then i (c)₁，c₂，c₃...c_N) 0, otherwise i (c)₁，c₂，c₃...c_N)＝1；

The efficiency of the micro-vibration sensor is calculated specifically as follows:

in the above formula, d₁，d₂，d₃...d_DThe data is transmitted back by the micro-vibration sensor, and the vib is the most reasonable micro-vibration frequency when the switch cabinet runs;

in the formula for calculating the efficiency of the electric field sensor, p₁，p₂，p₃...p_MIs the data returned by the electric field sensor when p_μ＞p_thresholdWhen 1. mu. or less, M is larger than or equal to k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M) 0, otherwise k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M)＝1，p_thresholdThe maximum electric field which can be borne by the switch cabinet in a safe state;

in the efficiency calculation formula of the magnetic field sensor, t₁，t₂，t₃...t_TIs the data returned by the magnetic field sensor when t_θ＞t_thresholdWhen 1. ltoreq. theta. ltoreq.T, then l (T)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T) 0, otherwise l (t)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T)＝1，t_thresholdThe maximum magnetic field that the switch cabinet can bear under the safe state.

Background

The switch cabinet has the functions of opening and closing, controlling and protecting electric equipment and the like, and is mainly suitable for power plants, transformer substations, petrochemical industry, metallurgical steel rolling, light-industry textile, industrial and mining enterprises, residential districts, high-rise buildings and the like. The safety of the switchgear is related to the safety of electricity consumption in the whole communication area and the safety of personnel and equipment around the switchgear.

With the increase of the number of switch cabinets, the traditional manual detection method is low in efficiency and has potential safety hazards. In the method for deploying the internal sensor, the failure is frequent due to the fact that the type of the sensor is too single and the sensor is difficult to deploy, and time and labor cost are increased. And because the types of faults in the switch cabinet are complex, including temperature abnormity, humidity abnormity, partial discharge, micro-vibration and the like, a single sensor or a single sensor is far from enough to detect the environmental problems in the switch cabinet.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a layout structure of sensors in a switch cabinet in order to overcome the defects of the technology, and also provides an evaluation method of the layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for overcoming the technical problems is as follows:

a layout structure of sensors in a switch cabinet comprises a shell and internal power equipment arranged in the shell, wherein the shell at least comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic local discharge sensor, a micro-vibration sensor, an electric field sensor and a magnetic field sensor, and the output ends of all the sensors are connected with the input end of a main control unit of the switch cabinet; the temperature sensors and the humidity sensors respectively comprise at least three and are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the shell; the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors at least comprise four sensors and are distributed at the top points in the shell; the micro-vibration sensor at least comprises one micro-vibration sensor and is arranged on internal power equipment; the electric field sensor and the magnetic field sensor respectively comprise at least one and are arranged on the inner wall of the shell.

Furthermore, all sensors all adopt wireless sensors, each sensor comprises a wireless transmitting module and a wireless receiving module, and all the sensors are connected with the input end of the main control unit of the switch cabinet through respective wireless transmitting modules.

Furthermore, the temperature sensors comprise three temperature sensors, and the distribution positions of the three temperature sensors form a triangular structure; the humidity sensors are distributed above, in the middle and below the shell; the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors comprise four ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, and the four ultrasonic partial discharge sensors are respectively arranged at two diagonal vertexes at the upper part and two diagonal vertexes at the lower part in the shell, and the two diagonal vertexes at the lower part and the two diagonal vertexes at the upper part are mutually staggered.

The invention also provides an evaluation method of the sensor layout structure in the switch cabinet, which comprises the following steps:

s1, arranging and installing all temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, micro-vibration sensors, electric field sensors and magnetic field sensors in a shell of the switch cabinet;

s2, the main control unit of the switch cabinet receives data collected by each sensor, and the layout of each sensor is evaluated through an evaluation function;

s3, optimizing the layout of the sensor based on the result of the evaluation function obtained in step S2.

Further, the evaluation function comprises a structure evaluation function and an efficiency evaluation function, the structure evaluation function is at least used for quantifying the density, the shape, the residual space and the network quality inside the switch cabinet, and the efficiency evaluation function is obtained through networking data collected by each sensor.

Further, the structure evaluation function is represented by the following formula:

α＝f(ρ，s，R，w)

wherein alpha represents the grading of the internal environment structure of the switch cabinet, and rho represents the internal density of the switch cabinet, which is the total mass of the switch cabinet divided by the total volume, namelys represents the shape of the switchgear; r represents the residual space, in particular the volume V defined by the total volume V and the volume V of known shape s_sAre subtracted, i.e. V-V_s(ii) a w represents the network quality, specifically the packet loss rate when each sensor of the network group tests the connectivity.

Further, the efficiency evaluation function is represented by the following formula:

β＝g(a₁，a₂，a₃…a_A)+h(b₁，b₂，b₃…b_B)+i(c₁，c₂，c₃…c_N)+j(d₁，d₂，d₃…d_D)+k(p₁，p₂，p₃…p_M)+l(t₁，t₂，t₃…t_T)

wherein β represents the efficiency score of the switch cabinet internal sensor; g (a)₁，a₂，a₃…a_A) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the temperature sensors, wherein A is the number of the temperature sensors; h (b)₁，b₂，b₃…b_B) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the humidity sensors, wherein B is the number of the humidity sensors; i (c)₁，c₂，c₃…c_N) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, wherein N is the number of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors; j (d)₁，d₂，d₃…d_D) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the micro-vibration sensors, wherein D is the number of the micro-vibration sensors; k (p)₁，p₂，p₃…p_M) An efficiency calculation formula of the electric field sensor is expressed,m is the number of electric field sensors; l (t)₁，t₂，t₃…t_T) And T is the number of the magnetic field sensors.

Further, the efficiency of the temperature sensor is calculated specifically as follows:

in the above formula, a₁，a₂，a₃…a_AThe tmp is the most suitable temperature for the operation of the switch cabinet;

the efficiency of the humidity sensor is calculated as follows:

in the above formula, b₁，b₂，b₃...b_BIs the data returned by the humidity sensor, epsilon₁，ε₂，ε₃…ε_BThe ratio weight of the humidity sensor at different positions is used, and hum is the optimum humidity of the switch cabinet during operation;

in the efficiency calculation formula of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor, c₁，c₂，c₃…c_NIs the data returned by the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor, if c_σ1 ≦ σ ≦ N, then i (c)₁，c₂，c₃…c_N) 0, otherwise i (c)₁，c₂，c₃…c_N)＝1；

The efficiency of the micro-vibration sensor is calculated specifically as follows:

in the above formula, d₁，d₂，d₃...d_DIs a micro-vibration sensorThe returned data, vib, is the most reasonable micro-vibration frequency when the switch cabinet operates;

in the formula for calculating the efficiency of the electric field sensor, p₁，p₂，p₃...p_MIs the data returned by the electric field sensor when p_μ＞p_thresholdWhen 1. mu. or less, M is larger than or equal to k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M) 0, otherwise k (p)₁，p₂，p₃…p_M)＝1，p_thresholdThe maximum electric field which can be borne by the switch cabinet in a safe state;

in the efficiency calculation formula of the magnetic field sensor, t₁，t₂，t₃…t_TIs the data returned by the magnetic field sensor when t_θ＞t_thresholdWhen 1. ltoreq. theta. ltoreq.T, then l (T)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T) 0, otherwise l (t)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T)＝1，t_thresholdThe maximum magnetic field that the switch cabinet can bear under the safe state.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. through temperature sensor, humidity transducer, ultrasonic wave partial discharge sensor, micro-vibration sensor, electric field sensor and the magnetic field sensor network deployment that have wireless transmitter and receiver, can make the sensor jointly detect, improve coverage, promote measurement accuracy.

2. The sensor network is monitored and fed back in real time through the structure evaluation function and the efficiency evaluation function, so that the layout of the sensors in the switch cabinet is optimized.

3. By adopting the multi-sensor layout structure, the monitoring error can be reduced, the maintenance and labor cost can be saved, the internal environment of the switch cabinet can be monitored in the operation process, and various problems of the switch cabinet under the working state can be truly reflected.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram i of a layout structure of sensors in a switch cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram ii of a layout structure of sensors in a switch cabinet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature sensor layout position weight according to an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate a better understanding of the invention for those skilled in the art, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are given by way of illustration only and do not limit the scope of the invention.

The layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes a housing 1 and an internal power device 2 disposed in the housing, where the housing 1 at least includes a temperature sensor 3, a humidity sensor 4, an ultrasonic local discharge sensor 5, a micro-vibration sensor 6, an electric field sensor 7 and a magnetic field sensor 8, and output ends of all the sensors are connected to an input end of a main control unit of the switch cabinet; the temperature sensors 3 and the humidity sensors 4 respectively comprise at least three and are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the shell 1; the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5 at least comprise four sensors and are distributed at the top points in the shell 1; the micro-vibration sensor 6 at least comprises one micro-vibration sensor and is arranged on the internal power equipment 2; the electric field sensor 7 and the magnetic field sensor 8 respectively comprise at least one and are arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1.

Specifically, in this embodiment, preferably, the temperature sensors 3 include three, and the distribution positions of the three temperature sensors 3 form a triangular structure, that is, the three temperature sensors are networked by the triangular structure, and a local temperature change curve and an overall 3D thermodynamic diagram in the switch cabinet can be drawn according to the self position, the relative position of the neighbor and the temperature change information transmitted to each other. Humidity transducer 4 includes threely, and three humidity transducer 4 distributes in top, middle part and the below in shell 1 because the moisture often sinks to the cubical switchboard bottom because of gravity, but does not get rid of because of the moisture that inside steam rose, consequently, the structural arrangement of three-layer about the above-mentioned humidity transducer, the internal environment humidity of cubical switchboard is caught in the network deployment of layering. The ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5 can detect partial discharge phenomena in a sphere with the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5 as centers, the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5 preferably comprise four ultrasonic partial discharge sensors, the four ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5 are respectively arranged at two diagonal vertexes at the upper part and two diagonal vertexes at the lower part in the shell 1, and the two diagonal vertexes at the lower part and the two diagonal vertexes at the upper part are staggered mutually, so that the partial discharge phenomena at any position in the shell can be positioned by converging, collecting and releasing a detection range and receiving messages transmitted by neighbors, and the ultrasonic transmission is limited due to the blocking of the shell 1, so that the partial discharge phenomena of surrounding equipment cannot be detected by mistake. The micro-vibration sensors 6 are preferably attached to the internal power equipment 2, the micro-vibration conditions of the attached equipment are detected in real time, the abnormal vibration of part of the internal power equipment 2 of the switch cabinet is timely positioned through networking with the micro-vibration sensors at other positions, the number of the micro-vibration sensors 6 is not limited, and for convenience of description, two micro-vibration sensors are preferably selected in the embodiment. The electric field sensor 7 and the magnetic field sensor 8 are large in coverage range and mainly used for monitoring fluctuation of the internal environment of the switch cabinet, and therefore, one electric field sensor and one magnetic field sensor are arranged on two sides.

In this embodiment, all sensors all adopt wireless sensor, and every sensor all includes wireless transmitting module and wireless receiving module, and all sensors are connected with the main control unit's of cubical switchboard input through respective wireless transmitting module to data transmission who gathers gives the main control unit.

After the networking of the sensors is completed, the embodiment also provides an evaluation method of the layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet, and the layout structure of the sensors in the switch cabinet is verified and updated through the evaluation function.

The evaluation functions comprise structure evaluation functions and efficiency evaluation functions, the structure evaluation functions are at least used for quantifying the density, the shape, the residual space and the network quality inside the switch cabinet, and the efficiency evaluation functions are obtained through networking of data collected by various sensors.

The structure merit function is represented by the following formula:

α＝f(ρ，s，R，w)

wherein alpha represents the grading of the internal environment structure of the switch cabinet, and rho represents the internal density of the switch cabinet, which is the total mass of the switch cabinet divided by the total volume, namelys represents the shape of the switch cabinet, the switch cabinet comprises five low-voltage switch cabinets GGD, GCK, GCS, MNS and MCS, and five high-voltage switch cabinets GG-1A (F), JYN, HXGN, XGN and KYN; r represents the residual space, in particular the volume V defined by the total volume V and the volume V of known shape s_sAre subtracted, i.e. V-V_s(ii) a w represents the network quality, specifically the packet loss rate when each sensor of the network group tests the connectivity.

The efficiency evaluation function is represented by the following formula:

β＝g(a₁，a₂，a₃...a_A)+h(b₁，b₂，b₃...b_B)+i(c₁，c₂，c₃...c_N)+j(d₁，d₂，d₃...d_D)+k(p₁，p₂，p₃...p_M)+l(t₁，t₂，t₃...t_T)

wherein β represents the efficiency score of the switch cabinet internal sensor; g (a)₁，a₂，a₃...a_A) An efficiency calculation formula of the temperature sensors 3 is shown, wherein A is the number of the temperature sensors 3; h (b)₁，b₂，b₃...b_B) An efficiency calculation formula of the humidity sensors 4 is shown, and B is the number of the humidity sensors 4; i (c)₁，c₂，c₃…c_N) An efficiency calculation formula of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5 is shown, and N is the number of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensors 5; j (d)₁，d₂，d₃…d_D) Expressing an efficiency calculation formula of the micro-vibration sensors 6, wherein D is the number of the micro-vibration sensors 6; k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M) An efficiency calculation formula of the electric field sensors 7 is shown, and M is the number of the electric field sensors 7; l (t)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T) Representing the efficiency calculation formula of the magnetic field sensors 8, T being the number of magnetic field sensors 8.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the efficiency of the temperature sensor 3 is calculated as follows:

in the above formula, a₁，a₂，a₃...a_AIs the data sent back by the temperature sensor 3, tmp is the optimum temperature for the operation of the switch cabinet, and is generally preferably 25 ℃, and can be adjusted between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃ according to the actual situation.

The efficiency of the humidity sensor 4 is calculated as follows:

in the above formula, b₁，b₂，b₃...b_BIs the data returned by the humidity sensor 4, epsilon₁，ε₂，ε₃...ε_BThe ratio weight of the humidity sensor 4 at different positions is used, hum is the optimum humidity of the switch cabinet during operation, the optimum value is 0.3% RH, and the optimum humidity can be adjusted between 0.1% RH and 0.5% RH according to actual conditions.

In the efficiency calculation formula of the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor 5, c₁，c₂，c₃...c_NIs the data returned by the ultrasonic partial discharge sensor 5 if c_σ1 ≦ σ ≦ N, then i (c)₁，c₂，c₃...c_N) 0, otherwise i (c)₁，c₂，c₃...c_N)＝1。

The efficiency of the micro-vibration sensor 6 is calculated as follows:

in the above formula, d₁，d₂，d₃...d_DIs the data transmitted back by the micro-vibration sensor 6, and the vib is the most reasonable micro-vibration frequency when the switch cabinet runs, and is preferably selectedThe value is 60Hz, and the value can be adjusted according to the actual switch cabinet type.

In the formula for calculating the efficiency of the electric field sensor 7, p₁，p₂，p₃...p_MIs the data returned by the electric field sensor 7 when p_μ＞p_thresholdWhen 1. mu. or less, M is larger than or equal to k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M) 0, otherwise k (p)₁，p₂，p₃...p_M)＝1，p_thresholdThe maximum electric field which can be borne by the switch cabinet in a safe state;

in the efficiency calculation formula of the magnetic field sensor, t₁，t₂，t₃...t_TIs the data returned by the magnetic field sensor when t_θ＞t_thresholdWhen 1. ltoreq. theta. ltoreq.T, then l (T)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T) 0, otherwise l (t)₁，t₂，t₃...t_T)＝1，t_thresholdThe maximum magnetic field that the switch cabinet can bear under the safe state.

The method of calculating the temperature sensor efficiency will be described below by taking the temperature sensor 3 as an example. Firstly, the switch cabinet is divided into 100 × 100 × 100 unit grid cubes in equal amount, and then the positions where the sensors can be placed are limited and deleted from the unit list according to the shape s and the residual space R of the switch cabinet in the evaluation function alpha of the internal environment structure of the switch cabinet, wherein the positions where the sensors cannot be placed comprise the circuit components, the high-risk local environment, unreasonable or non-placeable positions and the like. And finally, determining u temperature sensor layout cells which are finally reasonable according to the attributes and characteristics of the temperature sensors and the past experience of temperature sensor layout.

δ＝{δ₁，δ₂，...δ_u}

Where δ represents a collection of u sensors.

δ_ω＝{δ₁×ω₁，δ₂×ω₂，...δ_u×ω_u}

Then fuse the determined position weight map and meterCalculating confidence values delta for more reasonable positions_u×ω_uAnd comparing, taking u weighted sensors as a set delta_ωThe maximum point in (1) is taken as the final layout point. A schematic (side view) of the temperature sensor 3 layout position weights is shown in fig. 3.

The final evaluation function value η is obtained from η ═ α + β. Meanwhile, the layout structure also has a feedback strategy, data can be fed back through networking according to the numerical values of all the sensors, and meanwhile, the position weight value during sensor layout can be changed according to experience, so that better position selection and more reasonable position weight value are provided for the next sensor layout. Therefore, the evaluation function value can be used for updating and optimizing the layout of the sensors in the switch cabinet.

The foregoing merely illustrates the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention and many variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, which are within the scope of the invention.