1. A longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly comprises a screw and a nut, and is characterized in that external threads are arranged on the screw, and longitudinal external insections which are uniformly distributed in an annular shape are arranged on the external threads; the inner ring wall of the nut is divided into two parts, namely a fastening part positioned on the inner side and an anti-loosening part positioned on the outer side, an internal thread matched with an external thread on the screw is arranged on the inner ring wall where the fastening part is positioned, a locking ring groove cavity and an outer retaining ring are arranged on the inner ring wall where the anti-loosening part is positioned, the groove bottom wall of the locking ring groove cavity is a middle-lower inner ring wall which is positioned on the anti-loosening part after being hollowed and expanded in diameter, the lower side wall of the locking ring groove cavity is the side surface end face of the fastening part, and first radial insections which are radially and uniformly distributed are arranged on the side surface end face of the fastening part facing the locking part; the upper side wall of the locking ring groove cavity is an outer retainer ring of the anti-loosening part of the nut, and the inner diameter of the outer retainer ring is equal to or larger than the tooth bottom diameter of the internal thread of the fastening part and smaller than the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall; a movable arranged tooth-pattern ring and an elastic ring are arranged in the cavity of the locking ring groove; the corrugated ring is made of a steel ring, the outer diameter of the corrugated ring is equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the bottom wall of the groove, the inner diameter of the corrugated ring is equal to the inner diameter of the fastening part, longitudinal inner corrugations matched with the longitudinal outer corrugations are arranged on the inner ring wall of the corrugated ring, second radial corrugations which are uniformly distributed in a radial mode are arranged on the lower side end face of the corrugated ring, and the second radial corrugations are matched with the first radial corrugations; the elastic ring is made of elastic materials, the outer diameter of the elastic ring is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the bottom wall of the groove, and the inner diameter of the elastic ring is equal to or larger than the diameter of the tooth bottom of the internal thread of the fastening part; the tooth-shaped ring and the elastic ring are movably arranged in the locking ring groove cavity, when the elastic ring is in a compressed state, the sum of the thicknesses of the tooth-shaped ring and the elastic ring is smaller than the width of the locking ring groove cavity, and when the elastic ring is in a normal non-compressed state, the sum of the thicknesses of the tooth-shaped ring and the elastic ring is equal to the width of the locking ring groove cavity.

2. The longitudinal tooth type loose-proof fastening assembly according to claim 1, wherein the fastening method is: the nut is screwed into the screw in the order of the fastening part and the anti-loosening part.

3. The longitudinal tooth type loose-proof fastening assembly according to claim 2, wherein the inclination of the second radial insection and the first radial insection in the tightening direction is greater than the inclination in the loosening direction.

4. The longitudinal tooth type loose-proof fastening assembly of claim 3, wherein the inner diameter of the outer retainer ring is equal to the inner diameter of the fastening portion, and the inner annular wall of the outer retainer ring is provided with the same internal thread as the fastening portion.

5. The longitudinal tooth type loose-proof fastening assembly of claim 4, wherein the method for fixing the outer retainer ring on the nut is one of the following three methods:

the first method is that the outer retainer ring is made by forging and pressing the outer end edge of the anti-loosening part of the nut inwards;

the second is that the outer diameter of the outer retainer ring is made equal to the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall and the outer side wall of the outer retainer ring is fixed at the outer side position in the groove bottom wall;

and the third is that the outer side wall of the outer retainer ring is made to be the same as the outer side wall of the nut fastening part, and the outer retainer ring is directly fixed on the outer side end surface of the groove bottom wall during manufacturing to be made into the upper side wall of the locking ring groove cavity.

6. The longitudinal tooth type loose-proof fastening assembly of claim 5, wherein the elastic ring is one of a spring ring, a rubber ring or a spring ring.

7. The longitudinal tooth type loose-proof fastening assembly according to claim 6, wherein the screw is a separate screw or a screw on a bolt or a screw fixed on another object.

Background

The common fasteners comprise a bolt and nut assembly, a stud and nut assembly, a screw and the like, wherein the nut is a polygonal cylinder provided with a central threaded hole, an inner thread is arranged on the inner annular wall of the central threaded hole and matched and screwed with an outer thread on the stud for fastening and connecting two or more fastened pieces with through holes.

The fastening of the nut and the bolt is generally relatively stable. However, if the fastened member is vibrated for a long time, the vibration frequency difference exists between the connecting members, so that each connecting member in the connecting structure can generate a certain displacement, the connection between the nut and the bolt becomes loose, and even falls off, and the stability and the safety of the operation of the connecting structure and even the whole device are affected. Taking the fastening screw and the nut on the train track as an example, when a train passes through the track at a certain speed, the fastening screw and the nut on the track can generate vibration with a certain frequency, so that the fastening screw and the nut can generate certain displacement, and the connection is loosened, therefore, on the old train track, a maintainer needs to overhaul regularly.

The current common mode for preventing the bolt from loosening is as follows: the double-nut pressing, the bolt and nut inserting key, the bolt and nut opening inserting metal rod, the iron wire winding looseness prevention, the bolt and nut clamping tooth meshing or direct gluing or welding and the like.

Therefore, the applicant applies for an invention patent with application number 2019108155520 in 2019, 8, 30, and discloses a combined scheme of a bolt, a nut, a positioning locking pin and a clamp spring; the bolt is provided with external threads on a screw rod, and the external threads are uniformly distributed with a plurality of longitudinal screw rod locking grooves in an annular shape; the inner ring wall of the inner layer of the nut is provided with internal threads, and the inner ring wall of the outer layer is dug to be provided with an annular clamp spring groove; a nut locking groove is vertically dug in the outer end face of the nut along the outer-layer inner ring wall and the inner-layer inner ring wall, the nut locking groove penetrates through the clamp spring groove and part of the internal threads, and the positioning locking pin comprises a pin column, a connecting rod and a loading and unloading handle which are sequentially connected; the clamp spring is a ring filter-shaped elastic clamping piece; the bolt and the nut are clamped and fixed in a space formed by the nut locking groove and the screw rod locking groove through the positioning locking pin through the mechanical connection of the screw assembly and the bolt and the nut, and are prevented from falling off by being clamped by the clamp spring, so that the bolt and the nut are never loosened; however, the structure of the scheme is complex, the use and operation are also complex, and the popularization and the implementation are inconvenient.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a fastening assembly which adopts the combination of a longitudinal thread nut auxiliary part and a screw rod to ensure that the screw rod cannot be loosened so as to improve the fastening quality and achieve the anti-loosening effect.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the longitudinal tooth type anti-loosening fastening assembly comprises a screw and a nut, and is characterized in that external threads are arranged on the screw, and longitudinal external insections which are uniformly distributed in an annular shape are arranged on the external threads; the inner ring wall of the nut is divided into two parts, namely a fastening part positioned on the inner side and an anti-loosening part positioned on the outer side, an internal thread matched with the external thread is arranged on the inner ring wall where the fastening part is positioned, a locking ring groove cavity and an outer retaining ring are arranged on the inner ring wall where the anti-loosening part is positioned, the locking ring groove cavity is a circular groove-shaped cavity arranged on the inner ring wall of the anti-loosening part, the groove bottom wall of the locking ring groove cavity is a middle-lower part inner ring wall which is positioned on the anti-loosening part after being hollowed and expanded in diameter, the lower side wall of the locking ring groove cavity is a side surface end face of the fastening part, namely the side surface of the fastening part at the critical position of the fastening part and the anti-loosening part, and first radial insections which are radially and uniformly distributed are arranged on the side surface end face of the fastening part; the upper side wall of the locking ring groove cavity is the inner side surface of an outer retainer ring of the anti-loosening part of the nut; the inner diameter of the outer retainer ring is equal to or larger than the tooth bottom diameter of the internal thread of the fastening part and smaller than the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall, and a tooth grain ring and an elastic ring which are movably arranged and can be compressed and retracted are arranged in the groove cavity of the locking ring; the tooth-pattern ring is made of a steel ring, the outer diameter of the tooth-pattern ring is equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the bottom wall of the groove, the inner diameter of the tooth-pattern ring is equal to the inner diameter of the fastening part, longitudinal inner tooth patterns matched with the longitudinal outer tooth patterns are arranged on the inner ring wall of the tooth-pattern ring, second radial tooth patterns which are uniformly distributed in a radial mode are arranged on the lower side end face of the tooth-pattern ring, and the second radial tooth patterns are matched with the first radial tooth patterns and can be mutually and stably sleeved; the elastic ring is made of elastic materials, the outer diameter of the elastic ring is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the bottom wall of the groove, and the inner diameter of the elastic ring is equal to or larger than the diameter of the tooth bottom of the internal thread of the fastening part; the insection circle is placed in the locking annular cavity with the elasticity circle is the activity form, and when the elasticity circle was in compression state, the second radiation insection on the insection circle was the state of breaking away from with the first radiation insection on the fastening portion, and the thickness sum of insection circle and elasticity circle is less than the width in locking annular cavity promptly, and when the elasticity circle was in normal non-compression state, the second radiation insection on insection circle was interlock state mutually with the first radiation insection on the fastening portion, and the thickness sum of insection circle and elasticity circle equals the width in locking annular cavity promptly.

The fastening method comprises the following steps: the nut is screwed into the screw in the order of the fastening part and the anti-loosening part.

When the nut is used, the nut is screwed into the screw, when the internal thread of the nut fastening part is completely screwed into the external thread of the screw, the longitudinal internal insection on the insection ring of the nut anti-loosening part begins to contact the longitudinal external insection on the screw, so that the nut tends to be incapable of being screwed continuously, when the torque is increased, the elastic ring is compressed, the second radiation insection and the first radiation insection are gradually shifted until being separated, at the moment, the longitudinal external insection on the screw and the longitudinal internal insection on the nut can mutually longitudinally slide at a position, so that the second radiation insection and the first radiation insection are mutually separated under the condition that the longitudinal external insections on the screw and the longitudinal internal insection on the nut are still mutually engaged, and the nut is screwed continuously until being abutted against a fastened piece; under normal conditions, the nut is difficult to loosen due to common vibration; when the nut needs to be screwed out, the nut can be screwed out only by separating the second radial insection from the first radial insection with strong torsion.

Further, the inclination of the second radial insection and the first radial insection in the screwing direction is greater than that in the unscrewing direction; the inclination of the screwing direction of the second radial insection is greater than that of the unscrewing direction of the second radial insection, and the inclination of the screwing direction of the first radial insection is greater than that of the unscrewing direction of the first radial insection; thus, when screwing is carried out, the required torque force is smaller, and when unscrewing is carried out, the required torque force is larger.

The inner diameter of the outer retainer ring can also be equal to that of the fastening portion, and at the moment, an inner thread with the same specification as that of the fastening portion needs to be arranged on the inner annular wall of the outer retainer ring.

The outer retainer ring can be fixedly mounted or directly generated on the nut in the following three ways:

the first is that the outer retainer ring is formed by forging and pressing the outer end edge of the anti-loosening part of the nut inwards, so that the firmness of the outer retainer ring connected to the nut can be improved.

The second is to make the outer diameter of the outer retainer equal to the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall and fix the outer side wall of the outer retainer at an outer position in the groove bottom wall.

And the third is that the outer side wall of the outer retainer ring is made into a common regular hexagon outer side wall which is the same as the outer side wall of the nut fastening part, and the outer retainer ring is directly fixed on the outer side end surface of the groove bottom wall during manufacturing to be made into the upper side wall of the locking ring groove cavity.

The elastic ring is one of an elastic sheet ring, a rubber ring or a spring ring.

The screw rod is an independent screw rod or a screw rod on a bolt or a screw rod fixed on other objects.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.

The nut is divided into a fastening part and a locking part with longitudinal internal tooth lines, and the nut cannot rotate after the longitudinal external tooth lines and the longitudinal internal tooth lines are meshed with each other.

The fastening portion and the locking portion junction of the nut of the wall have set up first radiation insection and second radiation insection, and the second radiation insection that sets up on locking portion insection circle has elastic flexibility, can break away from mutually the first radiation insection and the second radiation insection of meshing mutually when exerting powerful torsion, then can with the nut screw in or screw out.

Thirdly, the inclination of the second radiation insection and the inclination of the first radiation insection in the screwing direction are made to be larger than that in the unscrewing direction; the nut can be screwed in easily and is difficult to screw out, so that the nut is difficult to loosen due to vibration.

The fastening assembly is very convenient to use, and only bolts and nuts are needed, and the fastening assembly can be directly screwed or unscrewed by using a tool.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exploded schematic view of the longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly of the present invention using a spring ring as an elastic ring.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the screw of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fastening portion of a nut and a locking ring groove cavity in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the lower end surface of the insection ring of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the upper end face of the insection ring of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the fastened overall structure of the longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly when the outer wall of the nut is regular hexagonal.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly after fastening when the outer wall of the anti-loose part of the nut is round.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a cut surface of the insection when the inclination of the screwing direction of the first radial insection and the second radial insection is greater than the inclination of the unscrewing direction of the first radial insection and the second radial insection.

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly of the present invention using a rubber ring as the elastic ring.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the whole structure of the longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly after the outer wall of the anti-loose part of the nut is round and the outer retainer ring is directly forged and pressed on the nut.

In the figure: 1. the radial tooth pattern comprises a screw rod, 2, a nut, 3, external threads, 4, a longitudinal external tooth pattern, 5, a fastening part, 6, a locking part, 7, internal threads, 8, a locking ring groove cavity, 9, a groove bottom wall, 10, a lower side wall, 11, a first radial tooth pattern, 12, an external retainer ring, an upper side wall, 13, a tooth pattern ring, 14, an elastic ring, 1401, an elastic sheet ring, 1402, a rubber ring, 15, a longitudinal internal tooth pattern, 16, a second radial tooth pattern, 17, an inclination of a second radial tooth pattern in a screwing direction, 18, an inclination of a second radial tooth pattern in a unscrewing direction, 19, an inclination of the first radial tooth pattern in the screwing direction and 20, an inclination of the first radial tooth pattern in the unscrewing direction.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it further, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1.

As shown in the figure, the longitudinal tooth type anti-loose fastening assembly is manufactured and comprises a screw rod 1 and a nut 2, wherein external threads 3 are arranged on the screw rod, and longitudinal external teeth 4 which are uniformly distributed in an annular shape are arranged on the external threads 3; the inner annular wall of said nut 2 is divided into two parts, respectively a fastening portion 5 on one side (herein defined as the inner side) and a loosening prevention portion 6 on the other side (herein defined as the outer side), the inner ring wall of the fastening part 5 is provided with internal threads 7 matched with the external threads 3 on the screw 1, the inner ring wall of the anti-loosening part 6 is provided with a locking ring groove cavity 8 and an outer retaining ring 12, the locking ring groove cavity 8 is a circular groove-shaped cavity which is arranged on the inner ring wall of the anti-loosening part 6 and is positioned between the fastening part 5 and the outer retaining ring 12, the bottom wall 9 of the locking ring groove cavity 8 is a middle-lower inner ring wall which is positioned at the anti-loosening part 6 after being hollowed and expanded in diameter, the lower side wall 10 of the locking ring groove cavity 8 is a side surface end face of the fastening part 5, namely the side surface of the critical position of the fastening part 5 and the anti-loosening part 6, and the end surface of the fastening part 5 facing the anti-loosening part 6 is provided with first radial insections 11 which are uniformly distributed in a radial shape; the upper side wall of the locking ring groove cavity 8 is the inner side end surface of an outer retainer ring 12 of the anti-loosening part 6 of the nut 2, the inner diameter of the outer retainer ring 12 is equal to or larger than the tooth bottom diameter of the internal thread 7 of the fastening part 5 and smaller than the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall 9, the outer side wall of the outer retainer ring 12 can be set to be circular matched with the groove bottom wall 9, can also be set to be regular hexagon same with the whole outer side wall of the nut 2, or is circular same with the circular outer side wall of the anti-loosening part; when the outer side wall of the outer retainer ring 12 is set to be circular matched with the groove bottom wall 9, the outer diameter of the outer retainer ring 12 is made to be equal to the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall 9, and the outer side wall of the outer retainer ring 12 is fixedly welded at the outer side position on the inner annular wall of the groove bottom wall 9; when the outer side wall of the outer retainer 12 is set to be a regular hexagon which is the same as the whole outer side wall of the nut 2, the outer retainer 12 is directly welded on the outer side end face of the groove bottom wall 9; or the outer retainer ring is made by forging and pressing the edge of the outer end of the round anti-loosening part of the nut inwards; a tooth-pattern ring 13 and an elastic ring 14 which are movably arranged and can be compressed and retracted are arranged in the locking ring groove cavity 8; the insection ring 13 is made of a steel ring, the outer diameter of the insection ring 13 is equal to or slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the annular groove bottom wall 9, the inner diameter of the insection ring 13 is equal to the inner diameter of the fastening part 5, longitudinal inner insections 15 matched with the longitudinal outer insections 4 are arranged on the inner annular wall of the insection ring 13, second radial insections 16 which are uniformly distributed in a radial mode are arranged on the lower side end face of the insection ring 13, and the second radial insections 16 are matched with the first radial insections 11 and can be meshed with each other; the elastic ring 14 is one of a spring sheet ring, a rubber ring or a spring ring made of elastic materials, the outer diameter of the elastic ring 14 is equal to or smaller than the inner diameter of the groove bottom wall 9, and the inner diameter of the elastic ring 14 is equal to or larger than the tooth bottom diameter of the internal thread 7 on the fastening part 5; the serrated ring 13 and the elastic ring 14 are movably arranged in the locking ring groove cavity 8, when the elastic ring 14 is in a compressed state, the second radial insection 16 on the serrated ring 13 is separated from the first radial insection 11 on the fastening part 5, and the sum of the thicknesses of the serrated ring 13 and the elastic ring 14 is smaller than the width of the locking ring groove cavity 8; when the elastic ring 14 is in a non-compressed state, the second radial insection 16 on the insection ring 13 and the first radial insection 11 on the fastening part 5 are mutually engaged, and the sum of the thicknesses of the insection ring 13 and the elastic ring 14 is equal to the width of the locking ring groove cavity 8.

When the nut 2 is used, the nut 2 is screwed into the screw 1 according to the sequence of the fastening part 5 and the anti-loosening part 6, when the internal thread 7 of the nut fastening part 5 is completely screwed into the external thread 3 of the screw 1, the longitudinal internal insection 15 on the insection ring 13 of the nut anti-loosening part 6 starts to contact the longitudinal external insection 4 on the screw 1, so that the nut 2 tends to be incapable of being screwed continuously, when the torque is increased, the elastic ring 13 is compressed, the second radial insection 16 and the first radial insection 11 are gradually shifted until being separated, at the moment, the longitudinal external insection 4 on the screw 1 and the longitudinal internal insection 15 on the nut 2 longitudinally slide in opposite directions, so that the second radial insection 16 and the first radial insection 11 are separated from each other under the condition that the longitudinal external insection 4 on the screw 1 and the longitudinal internal insection 15 on the nut 2 are still meshed with each other, and the nut 2 can be screwed continuously, until the fastened piece is pressed tightly; thus, under normal conditions, the nut 2 is difficult to loosen due to common vibration; when the nut 2 needs to be unscrewed, a strong torque is required to disengage the second radial insections 16 and the first radial insections 11 to unscrew the nut 2.

Example 2.

As shown in fig. 8, in addition to embodiment 1, the inclination of the second radial insection 16 and the first radial insection 11 in the screwing direction is made larger than that in the unscrewing direction; the inclination of the screwing direction of the second radial insection is greater than that of the unscrewing direction of the second radial insection, and the inclination of the screwing direction of the first radial insection is greater than that of the unscrewing direction of the first radial insection; thus, when screwing is carried out, the required torque force is smaller, and when unscrewing is carried out, the required torque force is larger.

The inner diameter of the outer retainer 13 is set to be equal to the inner diameter of the fastening portion 5, and then an internal thread having the same size as the fastening portion 5 is provided on the inner annular wall of the outer retainer 13.