1. The slow release fertilizer for the rape is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

370-400 parts of urea, 130-160 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-40 parts of potassium chloride, 240-270 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-30 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of ammonium molybdate, 15-25 parts of boric acid, 8-10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 6-10 parts of brown yellow humic acid, 0.01-0.02 part of intelligent agent, 0.01-0.02 part of growth promoter, 100-125 parts of filler and 1-3 parts of urease inhibitor.

2. The slow release fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer comprises 385 parts of urea, 146 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 255 parts of potassium sulfate, 25 parts of magnesium sulfate, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 20 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 10 parts of potassium fulvic, 0.01 part of intelligent agent, 0.015 part of growth promoter, 105 parts of filler and 2 parts of urease inhibitor.

3. The slow release fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the filler is calcium carbonate.

4. The slow release fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the humic acid content of the brown fulvic acid is more than 60 wt%, and the fulvic acid content is more than 20wt% in terms of dry basis.

5. The slow release fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the growth promoter contains 5% of microbial metabolite, 90% of polysaccharide and the balance organic matters.

6. The slow release fertilizer for rape as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the intelligent agent is a plant endophyte extract, and active ingredients of the intelligent agent comprise cyclic dipeptides, pyrimidine nucleosides, amino acids and saccharides; wherein C, H, O, N, P, S element accounts for more than 94% of the total extract, Na, K, Cl and Mg account for more than 5%, and the rest is microelement.

7. The method for preparing the slow release fertilizer for the rape as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:

s1, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, and then uniformly mixing urea and a urease inhibitor;

s2, heating, stirring and uniformly mixing the material obtained in the step S1 with potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and monoammonium phosphate to form slurry in a molten state;

s3, heating, stirring and uniformly mixing magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and polyglutamic acid;

s4, enabling the material obtained in the step S2 to flow into the material S3, adding the brown yellow humic acid potassium and the intelligent growth promoting agent, heating and mixing uniformly; throwing and granulating the formed slurry from high altitude, and then screening; and finally, obtaining a fertilizer with the particle diameter of 2-4 mm, and cooling, coating and anti-caking to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the rape.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the S2, the heating temperature is 115-118 ℃, the stirring speed is 130-150 r/min, and the stirring time is 3-5 min.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the S3, the heating temperature is 50-70 ℃, the stirring speed is 30-50 r/min, and the stirring time is 30-35 min.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein: and (4) during the sieving in the S4, sieving out powder materials below 2 mm and granules above 4 mm, returning the sieved materials to the S2 step, and adding and mixing the sieved materials with the materials obtained in the S1.

Background

1-year-old herbaceous plants of brassica brassicaceae, which are important oil crops in China, play a key role in ensuring the safety of edible oil in China. The rape is rich in various vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E, has high nutritive value and comprehensive dietary therapy value, is not only good edible oil, but also has wide industrial application. The development of rape production has important significance for improving the life of people and increasing the income of the masses. With the continuous improvement of the yield per unit of rape, a large amount of nutrients must be taken away from the soil, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is often considered in the actual production, the current situation that trace elements in the soil are deficient is increasingly aggravated by neglecting the application of medium trace element fertilizers, and the medium trace elements are very likely to become new limiting factors of the yield of the rape.

Rape is sensitive to the reaction of phosphorus, potassium and boron. When the content of the available phosphorus in the soil is less than 5mg/kg, the phosphorus deficiency symptom is obvious, and meanwhile, the content of the available boron in the soil is required to be higher than 0.5mg/kg and is 5 times higher than other crops. According to the research, each 100kg of rapeseed produced needs to absorb 8.8-11.3 kg of N and P₂O₅3.0～3.9kg、K₂8.5-10.1 kg of O, the fertilizer ratio is about 3: 1: 3, and other trace elements are needed, according to the theory of short plates of the wooden barrel, if other nutrients are lacked, the plant cannot grow normally, is thin and small, has irregular ears, is low in pollination rate, and seriously affects the yield.

Firstly, adopting simple substance nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer to artificially prepare and apply rape according to the required amount; and secondly, granulating the compound fertilizer by adopting a steam rotary drum physical granulation method. The two modes have the defects of low fertilizer efficiency utilization rate, energy conservation and environmental protection.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a slow release fertilizer for rape and a preparation method thereof, and the slow release fertilizer has the characteristics of complete nutrients, uniform release and no seedling burning.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the slow release fertilizer for rape comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 370-400 parts of urea, 130-160 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20-40 parts of potassium chloride, 240-270 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-30 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-1 part of ammonium molybdate, 15-25 parts of boric acid, 8-10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 6-10 parts of brown yellow humic acid, 0.01-0.02 part of intelligent agent, 0.01-0.02 part of growth promoter, 100-125 parts of filler and 1-3 parts of urease inhibitor.

In the preferable scheme, the fertilizer comprises 385 parts of urea, 146 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 255 parts of potassium sulfate, 25 parts of magnesium sulfate, 7 parts of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 20 parts of boric acid, 10 parts of polyglutamic acid, 10 parts of brown yellow humic acid, 0.01 part of intelligent agent, 0.015 part of growth promoter, 105 parts of filler and 2 parts of urease inhibitor.

Further, the filler is calcium carbonate.

Further, the humic acid content of the brown fulvic acid is more than 60 wt%, and the fulvic acid content is more than 20wt% in terms of dry basis.

Furthermore, the growth hormone contains 5% of microbial metabolites, 90% of polysaccharide and the balance organic matters.

Furthermore, the intelligent agent is a plant endophyte extract, and active ingredients of the intelligent agent comprise cyclic dipeptides, pyrimidine nucleosides, amino acids and saccharides; wherein C, H, O, N, P, S element accounts for more than 94% of the total extract, Na, K, Cl and Mg account for more than 5%, and the rest is microelement. The intelligent activity is 10 times of that of sphacelainide lactone, 10000 times of that of fulvic acid and 100000 times of that of humic acid and alginic acid.

The invention also relates to a method for preparing the slow release fertilizer for rape, which comprises the following steps:

s1, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, and then uniformly mixing urea and a urease inhibitor;

s2, heating, stirring and uniformly mixing the material obtained in the step S1 with potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and monoammonium phosphate to form slurry in a molten state;

s3, heating, stirring and uniformly mixing magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and polyglutamic acid;

s4, enabling the material obtained in the step S2 to flow into the material S3, adding the brown yellow humic acid potassium and the intelligent growth promoting agent, heating and mixing uniformly; throwing and granulating the formed slurry from high altitude, and then screening; and finally, obtaining a fertilizer with the particle diameter of 2-4 mm, and cooling, coating and anti-caking to obtain the slow release fertilizer for the rape.

Furthermore, the heating temperature in S2 is 115-118 ℃, the stirring speed is 130-150 r/min, and the stirring time is 3-5 min.

Further, the heating temperature in S3 is 50-70 ℃, the stirring speed is 30-50 r/min, and the stirring time is 30-35 min.

Further, in the case of the sifting in S4, a powder material of 2 mm or less and particles of 4 mm or more are sifted out, and the sifted material is returned to the step S2, and is mixed with the material obtained in S1.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the medium trace elements in the fertilizer are added in the form of inorganic salt, and are not added in the form of chelating salt, so that the cost can be saved; by adding polyglutamic acid, the polyglutamic acid can form chelate salt with medium and trace elements, so that sulfate, oxalate, carbonate and the like in fertilizer and soil are effectively prevented from being combined with the medium and trace elements such as magnesium, zinc, iron and the like, low-solubility salts and precipitation are avoided, the slow-release effect is achieved, the absorption effect of crops is improved, the utilization is more sufficient, the development of root systems is promoted, and the resistance is enhanced.

2. The N source in the invention is amide nitrogen which is easy to be absorbed by crops, but the slow release effect is poor, and the urease inhibitor is added into the fertilizer, so that the slow release effect is good.

3. The intelligent smart fertilizer synergist can improve the drought resistance and cold resistance of crops, relieve the symptoms of plant diseases and insect pests, phytotoxicity, fertilizer injury and freezing injury of the crops, and is beneficial to the safe overwintering of rapes.

4. The potassium fulvate and the growth promoter are rich in micromolecular active substances, can effectively promote the growth and development of plants and improve the yield of rape.

5. The invention designs a special fertilizer formula according to the normal growth, development and cultivation characteristics of rape, irrigation habit and nutrient absorption rule, provides a researched combined formula aiming at the characteristics and fertilizer preference characteristics of rape, wherein the formula contains three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, medium elements of sulfur, magnesium and the like, humic acid organic matter and polyglutamic acid chelated trace elements. Thereby having the characteristics of complete nutrients, uniform release and no seedling burning. The fertilizer can be used as a rape fertilizer, can be used as a base fertilizer or an additional fertilizer, improves the yield and the stress resistance of rape, simplifies the fertilization times and improves the yield; the slow release effect can promote the nutrient absorption of the rape, and the utilization rate of effective components in the fertilizer is improved, so that the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced; the quality of crops is improved, the method is green and environment-friendly, the oil yield is high, the quality is good, and the commodity performance is obviously improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different treatments on soil urease activity in assay one.

FIG. 2 shows NH of soil by different treatments in experiment I₄ ⁺-influence graph of N content.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

a slow release fertilizer for rape is prepared from 370 kg of urea, 155 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 25kg of potassium chloride, 265 kg of potassium sulfate, 27 kg of magnesium sulfate, 8 kg of zinc sulfate, 2kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of ammonium molybdate, 23 kg of boric acid, 8 kg of polyglutamic acid, 6kg of brown yellow potassium humate, 0.01kg of intelligent agent, 0.01kg of growth promoter, 108 kg of calcium carbonate powder and 2kg of urease inhibitor.

The brown yellow humic acid potassium is preferably produced by Xinjiang Shuanglong humic acid Limited company, and is a product which is processed by natural mineral humic acid and contains both brown black humic acid with large molecular weight and yellow humic acid with small molecular weight.

The polyglutamic acid is produced by Nanjing Xuan Kai Biotechnology Limited and is an ecological fertilizer auxiliary agent prepared by microbial fermentation, the utilization rate of the added synergistic fertilizer can be improved from 30-35% to 40-50%, and the average utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by 8%.

The urease inhibitor is specifically NBPT.

The growth promoter contains microbial metabolite 5%, polysaccharide 90%, and other organic substances 5%. Preferred is a bio-stimulant of Wuhan Borun science and technology, Inc.

The intelligent agent is produced by Shandong Bobo biotechnology (Wuhan) Limited company, is a metabolite mixture of endophytes, has activity 10 times of cloud moss lactone, 10000 times of fulvic acid and 100000 times of humic acid and alginic acid.

The specific production process of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 2kg of urease inhibitor and 370 kg of urea, conveying the mixture into a reaction kettle A through a conveyor belt, mixing and heating the mixture with 265 kg of potassium sulfate, 25kg of potassium chloride, 155 kg of monoammonium phosphate and system return materials, stirring at the speed of 130 revolutions per minute and the temperature of 115-118 ℃, and stirring for 3 minutes; 8 kg of polyglutamic acid, 27 kg of magnesium sulfate, 8 kg of zinc sulfate, 23 kg of boric acid, 2kg of ferrous sulfate and 1kg of ammonium molybdate which are conveyed in a metering way are stirred and chelated in a reaction kettle B at the stirring temperature of 50-70 ℃, the stirring speed of 30 r/min and the stirring time of 30 min to form stable polyglutamic acid chelated magnesium iron zinc molybdenum boron salt; feeding the material in the reaction kettle A into a reaction kettle B, adding 6kg of brown yellow potassium humate, 0.01kg of intelligent agent, 0.01kg of growth promoter and 108 kg of calcium carbonate powder according to parts by mass, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 200 revolutions per minute at the stirring temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 1 minute; the chelating slurry is scattered from the high altitude, the surface tension reason is changed into a spherical shape when the chelating slurry is scattered, the chelating slurry exchanges heat with the air in the tower cylinder body to form granules, fine powder below 2 mm and large granules above 4 mm are removed through sieving and screening, the fine powder and the large granules are returned to the reaction kettle A for recycling, and finally uniform granular fertilizer with the granule diameter of 2-4 mm is obtained, and then the uniform granular fertilizer is cooled, coated, anti-caking and packaged in a packaging system to obtain the product of the invention.

Example 2:

a slow release fertilizer for rape is prepared from 395 kg of urea, 130 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 40 kg of potassium chloride, 247 kg of potassium sulfate, 21 kg of magnesium sulfate, 6kg of zinc sulfate, 6kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of ammonium molybdate, 15kg of boric acid, 7kg of polyglutamic acid, 7kg of brown yellow potassium humate, 0.02 kg of intelligent agent, 0.01kg of growth promoter, 123 kg of calcium powder and 2kg of urease inhibitor.

The specific production process comprises the following steps: 2 kilograms of urease inhibitor and 395 kilograms of urea are uniformly mixed, and are conveyed into a reaction kettle A through a conveyor belt to be mixed, heated and stirred with 247 kilograms of potassium sulfate, 40 kilograms of potassium chloride, 130 kilograms of monoammonium phosphate and system return materials at the stirring speed of 130 revolutions per minute and the temperature of 115-118 ℃ for 3 minutes; stirring and chelating 7kg of polyglutamic acid, 21 kg of magnesium sulfate, 6kg of zinc sulfate, 15kg of boric acid, 6kg of ferrous sulfate and 1kg of ammonium molybdate in a reaction kettle B at the stirring temperature of 50-70 ℃, the stirring speed of 30 r/min and the stirring time of 30 min to form stable polyglutamic acid chelated magnesium iron zinc molybdenum boron salt; feeding the material in the reaction kettle A into a reaction kettle B, adding 7kg of brown yellow potassium humate, 0.02 kg of intelligent agent, 0.01kg of growth promoter and 123 kg of calcium powder according to parts by mass, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 200 revolutions per minute at the stirring temperature of 100-110 ℃, and stirring for 1 minute; the chelating slurry is scattered from the high altitude, the surface tension reason is changed into a spherical shape during scattering, the chelating slurry exchanges heat with the air in the tower cylinder body to form granules, fine powder below 2 mm and large granules above 4 mm are removed through sieving and screening, the fine powder and the large granules are returned to the reaction kettle A for recycling, and finally uniform granular fertilizer with the granule diameter of 2-4 mm is obtained, and then the uniform granular fertilizer is cooled, coated, anti-caking and packaged in a packaging system to obtain the product.

Example 3:

a slow release fertilizer for rape is prepared from 385Kg of urea, 146Kg of monoammonium phosphate, 30Kg of potassium chloride, 255Kg of potassium sulfate, 25Kg of magnesium sulfate, 7Kg of zinc sulfate, 4Kg of ferrous sulfate, 1Kg of ammonium molybdate, 20Kg of boric acid, 10Kg of polyglutamic acid, 10Kg of brown yellow potassium humate, 0.01Kg of intelligent agent, 0.015Kg of growth promoter, 105Kg of calcium powder and 2Kg of urease inhibitor.

The specific production process comprises the following steps: 2 kilograms of urease inhibitor and 385 kilograms of urea are uniformly mixed, and are conveyed into a reaction kettle A through a conveyor belt to be mixed, heated and stirred with 255 kilograms of potassium sulfate, 30 kilograms of potassium chloride, 146 kilograms of monoammonium phosphate and system return materials at the stirring speed of 130 revolutions per minute and the temperature of 115-118 ℃ for 3 minutes; 10kg of polyglutamic acid, 25kg of magnesium sulfate, 7kg of zinc sulfate, 20kg of boric acid, 4kg of ferrous sulfate and 1kg of ammonium molybdate which are conveyed in a metering way are stirred and chelated in a reaction kettle B at the stirring temperature of 50-70 ℃, the stirring speed of 30 r/min and the stirring time of 30 min to form stable polyglutamic acid chelated magnesium iron zinc molybdenum boron salt; feeding the material in the reaction kettle A into a reaction kettle B, adding 10Kg of brown yellow potassium humate, 0.01Kg of intelligent agent, 0.015Kg of growth promoter and 105Kg of calcium powder according to the mass Kg, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 200 revolutions per minute and the stirring temperature of 100-110 ℃, and stirring for 1 minute; the chelating slurry is scattered from the high altitude, the surface tension reason is changed into a spherical shape during scattering, the chelating slurry exchanges heat with the air in the tower cylinder body to form granules, fine powder below 2 mm and large granules above 4 mm are removed through sieving and screening, the fine powder and the large granules are returned to the reaction kettle A for recycling, and finally uniform granular fertilizer with the granule diameter of 2-4 mm is obtained, and then the uniform granular fertilizer is cooled, coated, anti-caking and packaged in a packaging system to obtain the product.

The invention optimizes the formula of the common rape fertilizer, and has good product quality and high fertilizer efficiency.

Comparative example 1: on the basis of example 3, no urease inhibitor was added.

Comparative example 2: on the basis of example 3, potassium fulvate was not added.

Comparative example 3: on the basis of example 3, no polyglutamic acid was added.

Comparative example 4: on the basis of example 3, no intelligent agent and no growth-promoting agent were added.

Comparative example 5: on the basis of example 3, no urease inhibitor, potassium fulvate, polyglutamic acid, smart hearing and growth promoting elements were added.

Test No.)

Performing equal nitrogen amount experiments on the compound fertilizers prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 and common fertilizers, culturing by adopting a pot experiment, wherein the pure nitrogen amount in the air-dried soil of the pot experiment is 0.50g/kg, fully mixing the weighed fertilizers and the soil, and observing the urease activity and the ammonium nitrogen content in the soil; a total of 5 treatments were set: and comparing the nitrogen content of the compound fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1 by taking local habitual fertilization as a control. As shown in fig. 1 and 2 in particular at 1.

As can be seen from the graphs 1 and 2, the rape special fertilizer provided by the invention can inhibit the activity of soil urease in a certain period of time, reduce the hydrolysis release rate of a urea nitrogen fertilizer in soil, effectively prolong the fertilizer efficiency and provide stable fertilizer efficiency for the whole growth period of rape growth.

Test No. two

The compound fertilizers prepared in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 5 are compared with common fertilizers in fertilization experiments, the variety of the tested rape is hua-you-za 668, the tested fertilizer is the special fertilizer for rape containing humic acid and the conventional compound fertilizer (equal-nutrient compound fertilizer) of the invention, the experiment method is the fertilization comparison of the equal-area field, the experiment adopts a random block design, and 9 treatments are arranged in a place in the north of a lake: yield was measured at harvest time, compared to an equivalent application of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5, using 50 kg/acre of local habitual fertilisation (15-15-15). (experimental comparison data in table 1):

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the table 1, the rape special fertilizer provided by the invention has rich nutrient substances, can promote the growth of rape, and also contains active substances such as polyglutamic acid, humic acid and the like, so that the rape special fertilizer can meet the absorption of the rape to various nutrients, improve the yield and the quality of the rape, promote the absorption of the rape to the nutrients, and improve the utilization rate of effective components in the fertilizer, thereby reducing the using amount of the fertilizer, improving the crop quality, protecting the environment, improving the oil yield of the rape, ensuring high quality and obviously improving the commodity performance of the rape.

In conclusion, the humic acid-containing fertilizer special for rape provided by the embodiment of the invention has rich nutrition and is not easy to cake, and can greatly improve the yield of rape and the quality of rapeseeds; the preparation method of the humic acid-containing rape special fertilizer provided by the embodiment of the invention is simple in technology, convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale production.