1. An interface generation method, comprising:

defining the interface element attribute of a target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

and drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the defining the interface element attribute of the target class library in the configuration file of the preset interface library comprises:

writing the custom name of the interface element of the target class library and the interface element attribute of the target class library corresponding to the custom name in the configuration file.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

writing the interface attribute of the target interface in the configuration file;

wherein the interface attribute comprises a first interface area; the interface element attribute of the target class library comprises a second interface area; the second interface area is less than the first interface area.

4. The method of claim 1, after said drawing a target interface, further comprising:

acquiring interface operation;

judging whether the interface operation is clicking the interface element of the target class library;

if yes, calling and executing a logic program corresponding to the interface element of the target class library.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the default interface library is Duilib, the target class library is Microsoft basic class library MFC, and the configuration file is an extensible markup language XML configuration file.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said drawing a target interface according to said configuration file comprises:

analyzing the configuration file to obtain the interface attribute of a target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

saving the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

and drawing the target interface according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein after said rendering the target interface according to the interface properties of the target interface and the interface element properties of the target class library, comprising:

and if the target interface is failed to be drawn, outputting a failure reason.

8. An interface generating apparatus, comprising:

the definition module is used for defining the interface element attribute of the target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

and the drawing module is used for drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer storage medium, the computer readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7.

Background

In the process of software development, a software operation interface needs to be created.

In the prior art, a class library is usually used alone or in combination with a User Interface (UI) diagram to create an Interface. However, the implementation process of the method is complex, the problems of jamming and interface false death are easy to occur, and the method is difficult to maintain.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides an interface generation method, an interface generation device, interface generation equipment and a storage medium, so that the separation of an interface and logic is realized, and interface maintenance and subsequent development are facilitated.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an interface generation method, including:

defining the interface element attribute of a target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

and drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

Optionally, the defining, in the configuration file of the preset interface library, the interface element attribute of the target class library includes:

writing the custom name of the interface element of the target class library and the interface element attribute of the target class library corresponding to the custom name in the configuration file.

Optionally, the interface generating method further includes:

writing the interface attribute of the target interface in the configuration file;

wherein the interface attribute comprises a first interface area; the interface element attribute of the target class library comprises a second interface area; the second interface area is less than the first interface area.

Optionally, after the drawing the target interface, further comprising:

acquiring interface operation;

judging whether the interface operation is clicking the interface element of the target class library;

if yes, calling and executing a logic program corresponding to the interface element of the target class library.

Optionally, the preset interface library is Duilib, the target class library is an MFC (microsoft basic class library), and the configuration file is an XML (extensible markup language) configuration file.

Optionally, the drawing a target interface according to the configuration file includes:

analyzing the configuration file to obtain the interface attribute of a target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

saving the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

and drawing the target interface according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library.

Optionally, after the drawing the target interface according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library, the method includes:

and if the target interface is failed to be drawn, outputting a failure reason.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an interface generating apparatus, including:

the definition module is used for defining the interface element attribute of the target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

and the drawing module is used for drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the interface generation method provided in any embodiment of the present application.

In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer storage medium, where the computer storage medium stores a computer program, where the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the interface generation method provided in any embodiment of the present application.

According to the method, the interface library and the class library are combined, the interface elements of the target class library are called in the interface library in a mode of creating an interface of the interface library, and then the target interface comprising the interface elements of the target class library is generated, so that the separation of the interface and the logic is realized, and the method is easy to maintain and develop subsequently.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an interface generation method in a first embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of an interface generation method in the second embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a flowchart of an interface generation method in the third embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a flowchart of an interface generation method in the fourth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface generating apparatus in the fifth embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface generating apparatus in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the application and are not limiting of the application. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.

Example one

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an interface generation method provided in an embodiment of the present application, where this embodiment is applicable to a case of creating an interface in a software development process, and the method may be executed by an interface generation apparatus, where the apparatus may be implemented by hardware and/or software, and may be generally integrated in an interface generation device, for example, a user terminal device such as a personal computer, and the interface generation method specifically includes:

step 110, defining the interface element attribute of the target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

the preset interface library may be an interface development tool, and the interface development tool may separate the user interface from the processing logic. The preset interface library can analyze the configuration file of the preset interface library, obtain the interface element attributes defined in the configuration file and further complete interface drawing. The target class library may be a large number of operating system handle encapsulated classes contained, as well as encapsulated classes of built-in controls and components of many operating systems. And in the configuration file of the preset interface library, the interface element attribute of the target class library can be defined. And recording the interface element attributes of the interface elements of the target class library to be drawn in the configuration file, and analyzing the interface element attributes defined in the interface element attributes through a preset interface library. The configuration file is analyzed through the preset interface library, the interface element attribute of the target class library is obtained, and the interface element in the target class library can be called in the preset interface library in a mode of creating the self interface. The interface element properties of the target class library may be properties of the interface element in terms of appearance and function. And the interface element of the target class library may include a form and a control, and correspondingly, the interface element attribute of the target class library includes at least one of the following: border size, location, background color, default text, hint text, text display color, text font type, and whether optional.

And 120, drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

The interface element attributes of the preset interface library and the interface element attributes of the target class library are obtained through analysis from the configuration file, and the target interface can be drawn according to the obtained interface element attributes. The drawn target interface may be an interface element in which a target class library is drawn in a window of a preset interface library. After the interface element attributes of the target class library are obtained through the previous analysis, the preset interface library can draw the interface elements of the target class library in a preset interface library window according to the attributes about the appearance aspect of the interface elements in the interface element attributes. The preset function of the interface element of the target class library is also a part of the attribute of the interface element of the target class library, and the interface element of the target class library realizes the function and/or display content when a user operates software. For example, for a button control, when the user operation selects it, the first text content is displayed in a first color, when the user operation does not select it, the second text content is displayed in a second color, and when the user operation selects or does not select it, the corresponding business logic is respectively realized. The preset interface library can separate the interface from the processing logic, so that the interface elements of the target class library are drawn in a preset interface library window, and the preset functions and the service logic are associated correspondingly according to the preset functions defined by the interface elements of the target class library, so that when a user operates the interface elements, the content of the user operation can be transferred to a logic layer of the software. The preset interface library is responsible for the overall function and logic realization and comprises the logic of the interface elements of the target class library, and the interface elements of the target class library are only responsible for the logic and function realization of the interface elements of the target class library. Therefore, the interface elements in the target class library are called in the preset interface library in a mode of creating the interface elements of the preset interface library.

According to the method, the interface library and the class library are combined, the interface elements of the target class library are called in the interface library in a mode of creating an interface of the interface library, and then the target interface comprising the interface elements of the target class library is generated, so that the separation of the interface and the logic is realized, and the method is easy to maintain and develop subsequently. Further, in the application, the interface library and the class library are combined to generate the interface, so that the created interface is more aesthetic.

Example two

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an interface generation method provided in the second embodiment of the present application, and the technical solution provided in this embodiment is further detailed on the basis of the above technical solution, which may specifically be:

the defining of the interface element attribute of the target class library in the configuration file of the preset interface library comprises the following steps: writing the custom name of the interface element of the target class library and the interface element attribute of the target class library corresponding to the custom name in the configuration file.

As shown in fig. 2, the method specifically includes:

step 210, writing a custom name of an interface element of the target class library and an interface element attribute of the target class library corresponding to the custom name in the configuration file;

before drawing the target interface, a configuration file needs to be created in advance, the user-defined name of the interface element of the target class library is written in the configuration file, so that a user can associate the interface element of the target class library with the target interface of the preset interface library in the configuration file, and the interface element attribute of the target class library related to the interface element of the target class library is input in the configuration file. The configuration file can be named according to the function and the like of a target interface, and is convenient for later maintenance and subsequent development. In addition, the custom name of the interface element of the target class library and the target interface name of the preset interface library can be distinguished. If the interface element of the target class library is to be associated in the configuration file, a name or a noun can be defined by the configuration file, for example, a button control, the custom name of the interface element of the target class library can be MFCButton, and then when the interface element is analyzed through the preset interface library, the description and the operation of the custom name are added.

In the configuration file, the user inputs interface element attributes, and the terminal device of the user records the interface element attributes of the target class library input by the user. Of course, the user may modify the configuration file that has been created, and change the interface element attributes of the target class library recorded in the configuration file. The configuration file may be an Extensible Markup Language (XML) file, in which interface element attributes of the target class library related to the interface elements of the target class library are recorded in a string. For example, for a button control, a button control named setbtn is generated, and the corresponding statement in the XML file is:

the text color is white (coded as # FF000000) and the text color is light purple (coded as # FFA7A6AA) when the text is not selectable, wherein the text name is "setbtn", "width", "29", "height", "20" textcolor "," FF000000 "and" disabledtextcolor "," FFA7A6AA "/" represents the width and 29 and has the unit of pixels and the height of 20 and has the unit of pixels.

Step 220, drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

Optionally, the interface generating method further includes:

writing the interface attribute of the target interface in the configuration file;

wherein the interface attribute comprises a first interface area; the interface element attribute of the target class library comprises a second interface area; the second interface area is less than the first interface area.

The interface attribute of the target interface can be written by a user in the configuration file, and the interface attribute of the target interface comprises information such as the first interface area and the target interface position of the target interface. Correspondingly, the interface element attribute of the target class library comprises a second interface area, the interface element of the target class library is drawn in the target interface, and the area of the interface element of the target class library is smaller than that of the target interface. And no matter the drawn interface element of the target class library is a window or a control, the area of the interface element of the target class library is smaller than that of the target interface and is within the range of the target interface.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the interface elements of the target class library are defined in the created configuration file and are associated with the target interface, so that the interface elements of the target class library can be managed and the attributes of the interface elements can be conveniently changed in the interface development process. And the method is also beneficial to presetting interface library call and analyzing the configuration file, and quickly acquiring the interface element attribute of the target class library.

EXAMPLE III

Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an interface generating method provided in the third embodiment of the present application, and the technical solution provided in this embodiment is further refined on the basis of the above technical solution, and may further include, after the drawing the target interface: acquiring interface operation; judging whether the interface operation is clicking the interface element of the target class library; if yes, calling and executing a logic program corresponding to the interface element of the target class library. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 310, defining the interface element attribute of the target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

step 320, drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library;

step 330, obtaining interface operation;

step 340, judging whether the interface operation is clicking the interface element of the target class library;

and 350, if so, calling and executing a logic program corresponding to the interface element of the target class library.

After the target interface is drawn, when a user operates the target interface, the interface operation is acquired, whether the interface operation is to click an interface element of the target class library is judged, for example, a control of the target class library is clicked, and if the interface operation is to click the interface element of the target class library, the bottom layer logic corresponding to the interface element of the target class library is called to realize a function, so that the separation of the interface element logic of the target interface and the target class library is realized.

For example, after the button control of the target class library is created, the interface displays the button text as white with a size of 29x20 pixels, and when the button is set to be non-clickable, the text color is light purple, and the implementation of the interface is associated with the underlying business logic. And after the button is clicked, the data is transmitted to the service processing logic layer through events or other messages, and after the functions are realized, the data is returned to the target interface or the data is ended. The target interface and the business logic are not complexly related, and the separation of the interface and the logic is realized.

Optionally, the drawing a target interface according to the configuration file includes:

analyzing the configuration file to obtain the interface attribute of a target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

saving the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

and drawing the target interface according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library.

The interface element attribute of the target class library and the interface attribute of the target interface are set in the configuration file, and the interface element attribute of the target class library and the interface attribute of the target interface can be obtained by analyzing the configuration file. The obtained interface element attribute of the target class library and the interface attribute of the target interface can be stored, and the target interface is drawn. And if the rendering of the drawing of the target interface fails, re-rendering can be performed, and the configuration file cannot be repeatedly analyzed due to the loss of the data acquired by analysis.

Optionally, after the drawing the target interface according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library, the method includes:

and if the target interface is failed to be drawn, outputting a failure reason.

The stored interface element attribute of the target class library and the interface attribute of the target interface can be obtained, and the target interface is drawn and rendered. If the drawing fails, outputting a reason for the drawing failure, so that the user can determine which contents in the configuration file need to be modified, and indicating the user to modify the interface element attributes of the target class library and/or the interface attributes of the target interface in the configuration file. Therefore, the user can be guided to correspondingly modify the corresponding data in the configuration file so as to perform the drawing and rendering of the target interface again.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, the interface and the service logic are prevented from being complexly associated, the separation of the element logic of the window interface of the preset interface library and the interface logic of the target class library is realized, and the maintenance and the subsequent development of the software operation interface are easy.

Example four

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of an interface generation method provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application, where the technical solution provided in this embodiment is further refined based on the above technical solution, specifically, the preset interface library may be Duilib, the target class library may be a Microsoft Foundation Classes library (MFC), and the target class library configuration file is an XML configuration file containing interface element attributes of the target class library, and the method specifically includes:

and step 410, analyzing the XML configuration file through the general CDialogBuilder in the Duilib to obtain the interface element attribute of the target class library.

And the Duilib form or the control constructor can analyze the statements in the XML configuration file to realize corresponding setting and rendering. For example, the control constructor implements the process, the generic cdiallogbuilder is a control constructor, parses the XML configuration file, specifies the type of control to be created, such as Button, draws according to the attributes in the XML configuration file, and creates and saves the control and the related attributes accordingly. The CDialogBuilder is a component of Duilib, and is a control constructor, and is mainly used for parsing an XML configuration file, creating a corresponding control and related attributes therefrom, and loading the control and the related attributes in a memory.

And step 420, drawing the interface elements of the target class library according to the interface element attributes of the target class library through a drawing manager class CPaintManager UI in the Duilib.

After the interface element of the target class library is created, the drawing manager class cpaint manager UI is used. The drawing manager class CPaintManager UI is a functional component under the Duilib and is responsible for drawing an interface through which interface elements are drawn.

And 430, associating the preset function of the interface element of the target class library with the service logic based on message mapping through a drawing manager class CPaintManager UI in the Duilib.

The interface is drawn by a drawing manager class CPaintManager UI, the bottom business logic is related by a message mechanism, and the message mechanism is a function of the drawing manager class CPaintManager UI.

In the prior art, the method for realizing the attractive appearance of the interface by adopting the class library is single, and the realization process is complex. If the MFC implements an attractive interface, it can only and need to reload a large number of functions of drawing the interface inside the MFC, such as functions of onpaint (), ondraw (), etc., and if necessary, a double-buffer technique is used, which makes the implementation process more complicated and easily causes uncontrollable problems such as interface flicker, etc., which is caused by the self-frame characteristic of the MFC.

The interface mode realized by the Duilib is realized by using an XML configuration file, the interface can conveniently call bitmaps and pictures, the drawing of colors and graphics is relatively easy to realize compared with MFC, and the interface can be rendered through the Duilib and has more picture feeling. And taking the button control as an example, after the button is clicked, the button is transmitted to the service processing logic layer through an event or other messages, and after the function is realized, data is returned to the interface or the operation is finished. The interface and the service logic are not complexly related, and separation is realized. If a button of the interface is clicked, the form can acquire the current clicked position and which button of the mouse is clicked, so that which control is clicked is judged, and the processing mode of the corresponding form or control can be found according to the set message mapping of the created form or control.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the Duilib is an integral framework structure, the MFC form or control is contained therein, and the MFC form or control is a part of the Duilib form ". The Duilib is responsible for the overall function and logic implementation, including logic of MFC forms or controls, which are only responsible for the logic and function implementation of the MFC forms or controls. In the development of desktop programs, the mode of combining MFC and Duilib is used, the development of attractive interfaces can be completed quickly and efficiently, the separation of the interfaces and logic can be realized, and the maintenance and the subsequent development are easy.

EXAMPLE five

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface generating device provided in the fifth embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 5, the interface generating device specifically includes: a definition module 510 and a drawing module 520. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

a defining module 510, configured to define an interface element attribute of the target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

and a drawing module 520, configured to draw a target interface according to the configuration file, where the target interface includes interface elements of the target class library.

According to the technical scheme, the target interface is created through the preset interface library, the interface elements of the target class library are included in the target interface, the problems that the class library is adopted to achieve attractive appearance of the interface, the process is complex, and later maintenance work is difficult are solved, the attractive development of the interface is achieved quickly and efficiently, the interface and logic separation can be achieved, and the effects of easy maintenance and subsequent development are achieved.

Optionally, the defining module 510 is specifically configured to:

writing the custom name of the interface element of the target class library and the interface element attribute of the target class library corresponding to the custom name in the configuration file.

Optionally, the defining module 510 is further specifically configured to:

writing the interface attribute of the target interface in the configuration file;

wherein the interface attribute comprises a first interface area; the interface element attribute of the target class library comprises a second interface area; the second interface area is less than the first interface area.

Optionally, the interface elements of the target class library include a form and a control;

the interface element attributes include at least one of: border size, location, background color, default text, hint text, text display color, text font type, and whether optional.

Optionally, the preset interface library is Duilib, the target class library is a microsoft basic class library MFC, and the configuration file is an extensible markup language XML configuration file containing interface element attributes of the target class library;

optionally, the drawing module 520 is specifically configured to:

analyzing the XML configuration file through a general class CDialogBuilder in the Duilib to obtain the attribute of the target class library interface element;

drawing the target class library interface element according to the target class library interface element attribute through a drawing manager class CPaintManager UI in the Duilib;

and associating the preset function of the target class library interface element with the service logic based on message mapping through a drawing manager class CPaintManager UI in the Duilib.

Optionally, the interface generating device further includes:

the operation acquisition module is used for acquiring interface operation;

the operation judging module is used for judging whether the interface operation is the interface element clicking the target class library;

and the logic execution module is used for calling and executing the logic program corresponding to the interface element of the target class library if the interface element of the target class library is the logic program.

Optionally, the drawing module 520 is specifically configured to:

analyzing the configuration file to obtain the interface attribute of a target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

saving the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library;

and drawing the target interface according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library.

Optionally, the interface generating device further includes:

and the failure reason output module is used for outputting a failure reason if the target interface is failed to be drawn after the target interface is drawn according to the interface attribute of the target interface and the interface element attribute of the target class library.

The interface generation device provided by the embodiment of the application can execute the interface generation method provided by any embodiment of the application, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.

EXAMPLE six

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an interface generating apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 6, the interface generating apparatus includes a processor 610, a memory 620, an input device 630, and an output device 640; the number of the processors 610 in the interface generating device may be one or more, and one processor 610 is taken as an example in fig. 6; the processor 610, the memory 620, the input device 630 and the output device 640 in the interface generating apparatus may be connected by a bus or other means, and fig. 6 illustrates an example of connection by a bus.

The memory 620, as a computer-readable storage medium, may be used for storing software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as program instructions/modules (e.g., the definition module 510 and the drawing module 520 in the interface generation apparatus) corresponding to the interface generation method in the embodiments of the present application. The processor 610 executes various functional applications and data processing of the interface generating apparatus by executing software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 620, that is, implements the interface generating method described above.

The memory 620 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function; the storage data area may store data created according to the use of the terminal, and the like. Further, the memory 620 may include high speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid state storage device. In some instances, the memory 620 may further include memory located remotely from the processor 610, which may be connected to the interface generating device via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

The input means 630 may be used to receive input numeric or character information and to generate key signal inputs related to user settings and function controls of the interface generating apparatus. The output device 640 may include a display device such as a display screen.

EXAMPLE seven

A seventh embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium containing computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a computer processor, perform a method for generating an interface, the method including:

defining the interface element attribute of a target class library in a configuration file of a preset interface library;

and drawing a target interface according to the configuration file, wherein the target interface comprises interface elements of the target class library.

Of course, the storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application and containing computer-executable instructions is not limited to the method operations described above, and may also perform related operations in the interface generation method provided in any embodiment of the present application.

From the above description of the embodiments, it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented by software and necessary general hardware, and certainly can be implemented by hardware, but the former is a better embodiment in many cases. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a FLASH Memory (FLASH), a hard disk or an optical disk of a computer, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the methods described in the embodiments of the present application.

It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the interface generating apparatus, each included unit and each included module are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division as long as the corresponding functions can be implemented; in addition, specific names of the functional units are only used for distinguishing one functional unit from another, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the application.

It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, although the present application has been described in more detail with reference to the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.