1. The utility model provides an initiative damping device based on super structure material which characterized in that: the damping device comprises an active damping module (1) and a passive damping module (2), the active damping module (1) comprises a damping base body (7), a plurality of spring grooves (3) are formed in the damping base body (7), an installation groove (5) is formed in the middle of the damping base body (7), a displacement amplification mechanism (18) is arranged in the installation groove (5), and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) is arranged in the displacement amplification mechanism (18);

the passive damping module (2) is arranged at the bottom of the active damping module (1).

2. The active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the spring grooves (3) are formed in different horizontal planes of the damping base body (7) to form a vertical elastic structure.

3. The active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces (6), and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces (6) are stacked to form the piezoelectric ceramic actuator (4).

4. The active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the passive damping module (2) adopts a negative Poisson ratio honeycomb structure.

5. The active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein: spring groove (3) set up the both sides in mounting groove (5), spring groove (3) are in vertical compression state when piezoceramics actuator (4) are arranged in mounting groove (5).

6. An active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein: the mounting groove (5) is of a hexagonal structure.

7. An active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 6, wherein: the displacement amplification mechanism (18) comprises a displacement input rod (10), a support seat (16), a first lever (12), a second lever (11), a first pull rod (13) and a second pull rod (17), wherein the first lever (12) and the second lever (11) are vertically and symmetrically connected to the upper end and the lower end of the displacement input rod (10), the first pull rod (13) is connected to the first lever (12) through a flexible hinge and keeps away from one end connected with the displacement input rod (10), the second pull rod (17) is connected to the second lever (11) through a flexible hinge and keeps away from one end connected with the displacement input rod (10), the first pull rod (13) and the second pull rod (17) are horizontally arranged, the other ends of the first pull rod (13) and the second pull rod (17) are respectively connected to the inner side wall of the same side of the installation groove (5) through a flexible hinge, the support seat (16) is arranged on one side of the first lever (12) and the second lever (11), first lever (12) and second lever (11) are close to the one end of being connected with displacement input pole (10) and are connected formation lever structure with supporting seat (16) through flexible hinge respectively, form the holding tank between displacement input pole (10) and supporting seat (16), piezoceramics actuator (4) are arranged in the holding tank, the deformation direction of piezoceramics actuator (4) is the horizontal direction, the both ends of supporting seat (16) are passed through flexible hinged joint on mounting groove (5) inside wall.

8. The active damping device based on metamaterial according to claim 7, wherein: set up on the shock attenuation base member (7) of mounting groove (5) left and right sides wall one side and set up and have horizontal damping tank, every side is provided with two horizontal damping tanks, sets up respectively at the both ends of mounting groove (5) side with two damping tanks of one side, horizontal damping tank in all be provided with supplementary piezoceramics actuator (14), the direction of supplementary piezoceramics actuator (14) deformation is vertical direction.

Background

The vibration isolation technology is one of vibration control methods, and the principle of the vibration isolation technology is that an elastic element, a damping element or an energy absorption device is added between a vibration source and a controlled object to reduce the transmission effect of energy, and the common vibration isolation measures at present are a mode of mixing passive vibration isolation, active vibration isolation and active and passive vibration isolation. Passive vibration isolation is to add vibration isolation elements in the process of vibration propagation, and common vibration isolation elements comprise rubber materials, metal springs, air springs and the like; the active vibration isolation is to add an active control element into a vibration source and an isolated element and correspondingly reduce vibration according to the magnitude of vibration quantity; the active and passive vibration isolation is to combine two vibration reduction principles, and an active element is added in the passive vibration isolation, so that the isolation of the vibration in a wider frequency band is realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an active vibration damping device based on a super-structure material, which can reduce the vibration transmitted from a foundation to a workbench in the working process of a machine tool.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an active vibration damping device based on a metamaterial comprises an active vibration damping module and a passive vibration damping module, wherein the active vibration damping module comprises a vibration damping base body, a plurality of spring grooves are formed in the vibration damping base body, an installation groove is formed in the middle of the vibration damping base body, a displacement amplification mechanism is arranged in the installation groove, and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator is arranged in the displacement amplification mechanism;

the passive damping module is arranged at the bottom of the active damping module.

Specifically, a plurality of spring grooves are formed in different horizontal planes of the damping base body to form a vertical elastic structure.

Specifically, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces are stacked to form the piezoelectric ceramic actuator.

Specifically, the passive damping module adopts a negative poisson ratio honeycomb structure.

Specifically, the spring groove sets up in the both sides of mounting groove, the spring groove is in vertical compression state when piezoceramics actuator arranges the mounting groove in.

Specifically, the mounting groove is of a hexagonal structure.

Specifically, the displacement amplification mechanism comprises a displacement input rod, a support seat, a first lever, a second lever, a first pull rod and a second pull rod, wherein the first lever and the second lever are vertically and symmetrically connected to the upper end and the lower end of the displacement input rod, the first pull rod is connected to one end, far away from the end connected with the displacement input rod, of the first lever through a flexible hinge, the second pull rod is connected to one end, far away from the end connected with the displacement input rod, of the second lever through a flexible hinge, the first pull rod and the second pull rod are horizontally arranged, the other ends of the first pull rod and the second pull rod are respectively connected to the inner side wall of the same side of the installation groove through flexible hinges, the support seat is arranged on one side of the first lever and the second lever, one ends, close to the end connected with the displacement input rod, of the first lever and the second lever are respectively connected with the support seat through flexible hinges to form a lever structure, form the holding tank between displacement input rod and the supporting seat, the piezoceramics actuator is arranged in the holding tank, the deformation direction of piezoceramics actuator is the horizontal direction, the both ends of supporting seat are passed through flexible hinged joint and are being on the mounting groove inside wall.

Specifically, set up on the shock-absorbing base member of mounting groove left and right sides wall one side and set up and have seted up horizontal damping groove, and every side is provided with two horizontal damping grooves, sets up the both ends at the mounting groove side respectively with two damping grooves of one side, horizontal damping groove in all be provided with supplementary piezoceramics actuator, the direction of supplementary piezoceramics actuator deformation is vertical direction.

The invention has the following advantages:

the invention combines active and passive vibration reduction, which can reduce vibration with wider frequency band;

the invention has small integral structure, adopts the piezoelectric ceramic actuator, has small volume and large output force, passively absorbs the vibration based on the honeycomb material with negative Poisson ratio, has good vibration absorption effect and light weight;

according to the invention, the displacement amplifying mechanism is arranged in the mounting groove, and the displacement output by the piezoelectric ceramic actuator is amplified through the displacement amplifying mechanism, so that the output displacement is increased, the vibration damping in a wider range can be adapted, and the defect of the stroke of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator can be overcome.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the shock absorbing device of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the shock absorbing base structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a piezoelectric ceramic actuator according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of an application of the active damping device of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-active damping module, 2-passive damping module, 3-spring groove, 4-piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 5-mounting groove, 6-piezoelectric ceramic piece, 7-damping base body, 8-sensor, 9-active damping device, 10-displacement input rod, 11-second lever, 12-first lever, 13-first pull rod, 14-auxiliary piezoelectric ceramic actuator, 16-support seat, 17-second pull rod, 18-displacement amplification mechanism.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an active vibration damping device based on a metamaterial comprises an active vibration damping module 1 and a passive vibration damping module 2, wherein the active vibration damping module 1 comprises a vibration damping base body 7, a plurality of spring grooves 3 are formed in the vibration damping base body 7, an installation groove 5 is formed in the middle of the vibration damping base body 7, a displacement amplification mechanism 18 is arranged in the installation groove 5, and a piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is arranged in the displacement amplification mechanism 18;

the passive damping module 2 is arranged at the bottom of the active damping module 1. The device is damped by adopting a scheme of passive vibration isolation and active vibration isolation, the passive vibration isolation and the active vibration isolation are independent parts, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is used as an output part for the active vibration isolation, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 can generate deformation output under the condition of applying voltage based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is controlled to generate deformation through the controller to suppress vibration according to the size and frequency of the vibration during the damping, and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is used as a deformation element, so that the device is small in size, high in response speed, high in electromechanical conversion efficiency, low in power consumption and high in control precision, and can well suppress the vibration; the damping base 7 is a rigid element made of spring steel material, the spring grooves 3 are a plurality of grooves cut along a horizontal plane, as shown in fig. 2, the grooves are not in the same horizontal plane, adjacent spring grooves 3 are arranged in a staggered manner, that is, one groove is communicated with the side wall, and adjacent grooves are not communicated with the side wall, wherein, the first and third spring grooves 3 from top to bottom are communicated, and the communicated spring grooves 3 are grooves which are not communicated with the side wall of the damping base 7, so that the spring grooves 3 form a vertical elastic structure, active damping can be realized by the cooperation of the vertical elastic structure and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, when a sensor detects vibration, the output frequency and the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 are controlled to correspond to the frequency and the vibration size of the vibration, vibration suppression can be realized by outputting the deformation opposite to the vibration, in this embodiment, in order to enable the active damping module 1 to be capable of damping in a larger range, the displacement amplification mechanism 18 is arranged in the mounting groove 5, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is arranged in the displacement amplification mechanism 18, the output of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is amplified through the displacement amplification mechanism 18, namely, the deformation of the output of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is increased, so that the active damping module 1 can adapt to the vibration of a large-amplitude unit, and the application range is wide.

Further, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces 6, and the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces 6 are stacked to form the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4. This embodiment adopts the structure that a plurality of piezoceramics pieces 6 piled up, and a plurality of piezoceramics pieces 6 homoenergetic output deformation when carrying out initiative shock attenuation, and the deformation power stack that a plurality of piezoceramics pieces 6 produced just can output sufficient power and carry out initiative shock attenuation like this, and the absorbing effect is better.

Further, the passive damping module 2 adopts a negative poisson ratio honeycomb structure. In the implementation, the passive damping module 2 adopts a negative Poisson ratio metamaterial, the shape of the passive damping module is a negative Poisson ratio honeycomb structure, a No. 45 steel wire is adopted to cut the negative Poisson ratio honeycomb structure into honeycombs, and the negative Poisson ratio honeycomb structure is transversely expanded in an elastic range due to the special tensile expansion characteristic of the negative Poisson ratio honeycomb structure; when compressed, the honeycomb structure transversely contracts, so that the honeycomb structure has better silencing and vibration absorbing functions than a honeycomb structure with a positive Poisson ratio, and the honeycomb structure with the negative Poisson ratio can weaken the vibration of medium and high frequencies, so that the vibration transmitted from a foundation to a workbench in the working process of a machine tool is reduced; the active vibration reduction is to reduce the vibration generated by the cutter processing workpiece in the processing process by using vibration isolation, so that the control of wider frequency band vibration can be realized by combining the active vibration reduction and the passive vibration reduction.

Furthermore, the spring grooves 3 are arranged on two sides of the mounting groove 5, and the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 finally acts on a vertical elastic structure formed by the spring grooves 3 when working and outputting deformation, so that the deformation of the vertical elastic structure is actively damped.

Furthermore, when the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is arranged in the mounting groove 5, the spring groove 3 is in a vertical stretching state, and a pre-pressure in the vertical direction is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4, so that the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is prevented from being damaged due to the action of a stretching stress.

Further, the mounting groove 5 is of a hexagonal structure. The piezoceramics actuator 4 works, makes displacement amplification mechanism 18 output deformation, acts on the lateral wall of mounting groove 5, makes mounting groove 5 produce deformation, and mounting groove 5 deformation makes the corresponding deformation in spring groove 3 carry out the shock attenuation.

Further, the displacement amplifying mechanism 18 includes a displacement input rod 10, a support base 16, a first lever 12, a second lever 11, a first pull rod 13 and a second pull rod 17, the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 are vertically and symmetrically connected to the upper and lower ends of the displacement input rod 10, the first pull rod 13 is connected to one end of the first lever 12 far away from the end connected with the displacement input rod 10 through a flexible hinge, the second pull rod 17 is connected to one end of the second lever 11 far away from the end connected with the displacement input rod 10 through a flexible hinge, the first pull rod 13 and the second pull rod 17 are horizontally arranged, the other ends of the first pull rod 13 and the second pull rod 17 are respectively connected to the inner side wall of the installation groove 5 through flexible hinges, the support base 16 is arranged on one side of the same side of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11, one ends of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 close to the end connected with the displacement input rod 10 are respectively connected with the support base 16 through flexible hinges to form a lever structure, form the holding tank between displacement input rod 10 and the supporting seat 16, piezoceramics actuator 4 is arranged in the holding tank, piezoceramics actuator 4's deformation direction is the horizontal direction, flexible hinged joint is passed through at the both ends of supporting seat 16 on 5 inside walls of mounting groove. In this embodiment, the side of the supporting seat 16 opposite to the displacement input rod 10 is provided with a groove, the groove on the supporting seat 16 and the groove on the displacement input rod 10 form a receiving groove, the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 is disposed in the receiving groove, the left and right ends of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 respectively abut against the supporting seat 16 and the displacement input rod 10, when the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 works, the length thereof extends in the horizontal direction, and then the piezoelectric ceramic actuator drives the displacement input rod 10 to displace rightward in the horizontal direction, at this time, the displacement input rod 10 drives one end of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 to displace rightward, because the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 are connected with the supporting seat 16 through the flexible hinge, when one end of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 displaces rightward, the other end of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 displaces leftward, because the connecting portion of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 with the supporting seat 16 is not in the middle, and the distance from the position of the first lever 12 and the supporting seat 16 to the point of connection with the first pull rod 13 is greater than the distance from the position of connection with the displacement input rod 10, so that a lever structure is formed, the displacement distance of the end of the first lever 12 connected with the displacement input rod 10 is less than the displacement distance of the end of the first lever 12 connected with the first pull rod 13, and the second lever 11 also forms a lever structure in the same way, so that the end of the first lever 12 moving to the left pulls the side wall of the installation groove 5 through the first pull rod 13, the end of the second lever 11 moving to the left pulls the side wall of the installation groove 5 through the second pull rod 17, the upper and lower ends of the same side wall of the installation groove 5 are pulled simultaneously through the first pull rod 13 and the second pull rod 17 respectively, so as to force the installation groove 5 to deform in the vertical direction, so that the spring groove 3 can deform to resist vibration, and when the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 deforms horizontally, the first pull rod 13 and the second pull rod 17 are driven to pull the same side wall of the mounting groove 5, the first pull rod 13 and the second pull rod 17 apply a horizontal leftward force to the same side wall of the mounting groove 5, wherein the connecting positions of the first pull rod 13 and the second pull rod 17 and the mounting groove 5 are at the connecting position of the right vertical side edge of the mounting groove 5 and the adjacent bevel edge, applying a horizontal leftward force at the joint, so that the oblique side adjacent to the vertical side edge is deformed in a vertical direction, therefore, the downward two sides of the mounting groove 5 generate deformation in the vertical direction, active shock absorption can be performed, the generated deformation is micron-sized deformation, the amplification factor of the displacement amplification mechanism 18 can be changed by changing the connection positions of the first lever 12 and the second lever 11 and the supporting seat 16 in the embodiment, different requirements can be met, and the defects of the stroke of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 can be overcome.

Further, set up on the shock-absorbing base member 7 of 5 left and right sides wall one sides of mounting groove and set up there is horizontal shock-absorbing groove, and every side is provided with two horizontal shock-absorbing grooves, sets up the both ends at the 5 sides of mounting groove respectively with two shock-absorbing grooves of one side, horizontal shock-absorbing groove in all be provided with supplementary piezoceramics actuator 14, the direction of supplementary piezoceramics actuator 14 deformation is vertical direction. This embodiment still sets up supplementary piezoceramics actuator 14 in the both sides of mounting groove 5, with two supplementary piezoceramics actuators 14 of one side deformation in vertical direction, produce vertical direction in, at this moment, the lateral wall deformation of 5 vertical directions of mounting groove can be compeled to the power in opposite directions that two supplementary piezoceramics actuators 14 produced, produce horizontal deformation, this horizontal deformation is used for initiatively absorbing the shock to horizontal vibrations, the lathe is when processing the object, except the vibrations of vertical direction, there is the vibrations of horizontal direction in addition, this embodiment is through setting up supplementary piezoceramics actuator 14 initiatively absorbing the vibrations of horizontal direction, cooperation piezoceramics actuator 4 uses, just can be simultaneously carry out the shock attenuation to the vibrations of horizontal direction and vertical direction, the absorbing effect is better, be favorable to improving the machining precision of lathe.

Meanwhile, arc-shaped grooves are formed in two ends of two vertical side walls of the mounting groove 5, so that transverse deformation is facilitated.

Further, a plurality of the piezoelectric ceramic sheets 6 are stacked in a horizontal direction. The piezoceramics actuator 4 in this implementation only carries out the shock attenuation to the ascending vibrations of vertical direction, and the deformation that piezoceramics actuator 4 produced adopts the mode of piling up in the horizontal direction, makes a plurality of piezoceramics piece 6 all produce the power of horizontal direction.

The damping device is matched with a plurality of sensors 8 for use, the sensors 8 are arranged on equipment needing damping, the sensors are distributed on two sides of the active damping device, the sensors 8 are connected with a controller, and the controller is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4. The sensor 8 may employ a mems triaxial accelerometer ADXL345 with minimal mass and volume; low power consumption, most devices are in an electrical static state; the small thermal constant can maintain the temperature with lower power, thus saving energy; the vibration, impact and radiation are resisted, so that the reliability of the system is ensured; the integration level is high, and multiple functions are integrated on one chip, so that the structure of the system is greatly simplified; the manufacturing is in batch, the cost is low, and the mass production can be realized; the controller part is a controller based on FPGA and is characterized by small volume, low power consumption, high reliability and low cost; after the three-axis accelerometer ADXL345 detects the vibration of the equipment, the controller collects data detected by the three-axis accelerometer ADXL345, processes the data, and then controls the piezoelectric ceramic actuator 4 to work for active shock absorption. When the damping device is applied to a machine tool, a plurality of damping devices can be arranged between the machine tool and a foundation to reduce vibration generated in the machining process.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the described embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technology of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention, unless the content of the technical solution of the present invention is departed from.