1. A VCR mining method adopting a novel blasting mode is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) stope arrangement: when the thickness of the ore body is less than 20m, the chamber is arranged along the trend: the length of the chamber is 30m, and the width of the chamber is the thickness of the ore body; when the average thickness of the ore body is more than 20m, the chamber is arranged in a vertical direction: the length of the chamber is the thickness of the ore body, the width of the chamber is 15m, and the stage height is 60 m;

the mineral houses arranged along the trend: arranging an upper large-hole drilling chamber: the upper plate is arranged according to the length of the No. 1 chamber of 6.8m, the studs of 2.4m, the length of the No. 2 chamber of 9.6m, the studs of 2.4m and the length of the No. 3 chamber of 9.8m, the lower plate is arranged according to the length of the No. 1 chamber of 9.8m, the studs of 2.4m, the length of the No. 2 chamber of 9.6m, the studs of 2.4m and the length of the No. 3 chamber of 6.8m, the studs are arranged in a staggered way, and the width is the thickness of an ore body; the intra-vein prospecting roadway at the front bottom is also used as a medium-length hole drilling roadway, ore removal access ways 4m x 3.6m are arranged from an upper plate return airway and a lower plate conveying airway of an ore body and communicated with the medium-length hole drilling roadway 4m x 3.6m, and the ore removal access ways are uniformly arranged in a staggered manner, so that ore removal can be carried out to the maximum extent, and the ore loss is reduced;

vertical-oriented arrangement of the chamber: arranging an upper large-hole drilling chamber: the width of the No. 1 chamber is 6.8m, the width of the stud is 2.4m, the width of the No. 2 chamber is 6.8m, and the length is the thickness of an ore body; the bottom of the chamber is provided with a medium-length hole drilling roadway 4m by 3.6m in the middle of the chamber, a run-out route 4m by 3.6m is arranged from a run-through transportation roadway 3.6m by 3.6m and communicated with the medium-length hole drilling roadway, and the run-out route is uniformly staggered so as to realize maximum run-out and reduce ore loss;

(2) cutting engineering: arranging cutting patios in contrast through upper and lower middle-section real-time maps of the chambers arranged along the trend and in the vertical trend, wherein the cutting patios are rectangular and have the specification of 2m by 2m, and constructing by a tank lifting method;

(3) and (3) medium-length hole blasting: the height of the bottom layer is 15m, and an YGZ-90 type guide rail rotary rock drill is adopted to drill a fan-shaped hole with the aperture of 60mm in a medium-length hole rock drilling roadway to dig a trench and pull the bottom.

2. Arranging upward vertical holes with the hole pitch of 1m in the cutting cross drift, taking the cutting raise as a free surface, and brushing and expanding the vertical holes towards two sides until a cutting groove is formed, wherein the cutting groove is used as a bottom-drawing extraction free surface;

(4) VCR method deep hole blasting, blast hole arrangement parameters: the row spacing is 3m, the hole opening spacing is 3m, the hole bottom spacing is 3-3.5 m, except for side holes; mining technicians design stope deep hole arrangement diagrams according to blast hole arrangement parameters, measuring technicians pay off to determine blast hole positions, constructing downward deep holes by adopting a T-150 type annular down-the-hole drill, wherein the hole diameter is 165mm, the deflection rate is not more than 1%, and inclined holes are arranged on inclined ore bodies under the condition of ensuring the minimum resistance line; after the deep hole construction is finished, the stoping blasting operation can be started, and the stoping operation comprises small-section undermining, inverted bench side ore caving, side row hole blasting and top breaking blasting in sequence; during the period, proper ore removal from the bottom is matched with the stoping work, and the ore removal amount after each blasting is controlled to be about 40% of the ore falling amount;

(5) the hole measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the hole carefully before blasting each time, collecting data such as hole depth, hole bottom surface shape and bottom compensation space, wherein the hole measuring adopts a measuring rope, a tape measure and the like, an iron block and a self-made iron wire grab are tied at the end part of the measuring rope, the measuring rope is placed in the hole to the hole bottom, the data is read to measure the hole bottom height and the blasting pile height, a multi-layered explosive package and the sand filling height are checked, carefully contrasted and analyzed, and recorded in a case in detail

(6) Plugging holes, namely binding a hoisting ring at the center of a concrete plug with phi =150mm by using an iron wire during hole plugging operation, lowering the concrete plug to a position 0.2-0.4 m above the bottom of the hole for fixing an upper orifice, and then filling river sand or rock powder into the hole to a thickness of 0.8-1.2 m;

(7) charging: manually charging, namely binding the detonating cord at the middle upper part of the initiating explosive package, hanging the detonating cord on a lifting rope and hoisting the detonating cord into a hole, sequentially hoisting the other explosive packages, wherein the diameter of the explosive package is 140mm, the length of each explosive roll is 0.5m, and the weight of each explosive package is 9 kg;

VCR small cross section loaded constitution: the method comprises the following steps of blasting by using MRB rock emulsion explosive bags, wherein the single-hole explosive quantity is 72-90 kg, the number of holes is 4-6, the cut area is 15-20 square meters, and the layering blasting height is 8-14 m; the slotting region is arranged in the peripheral region of the cutting raise, and the maximum single-sound medicine quantity is controlled within 126 kg; the lower part of the medicine bag is blocked by river sand or rock powder, the blocking length is 0.8-1.2 m, the upper part of the medicine bag is blocked by fine-grain rock powder and river sand in a combined mode, and the blocking length is 1.2-1.5 m;

the side direction of the inverted bench is collapsed and the charging structure is as follows: the inverted ladder section adopts a large-resistance-line small-hole-pitch hole distribution mode, 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted in each area, and the ore caving step distance is 6-9 m; the lateral ore caving sectional height is 8-14 m, the maximum single-sound dose is controlled within 126kg, the charging structure adopts multilayer emulsion explosive package bamboo poles for interval charging, the layered charging amount is 9kg, the lower part is blocked by rock powder, the blocking length is 0.8-1.2 m, the interval length of the bamboo poles between layers is 0.6m, the filling material of the explosive package at the uppermost layer is rock powder or river sand, and the blocking length is about 1.5 m;

side row hole blasting, broken top blasting loaded constitution: in order to control the stoping boundary of the chamber and avoid caving of the pillar rib, the side row holes are independently blasted after the stoping of the middle hole is finished, emulsified explosive packages are adopted for loading bamboo poles at intervals, the explosive packages are detonated in sections, the layered loading amount is 9kg, and the interval between the bamboo poles is 0.6 m; the height of the top breaking layer is 6-8 m, top breaking blasting operation is carried out on the top breaking blasting self-cutting groove in the direction of the upper disc and the lower disc, the number of rows of top breaking blasting of the upper disc and the lower disc is within 3 rows each time, and the charging structure is the same as that of lateral inverted bench caving;

(8) connecting wires: the stope blasting initiation system is characterized in that a single detonating cord in a hole is sequentially connected with a non-electric millisecond delay detonating tube detonator at an orifice;

the VCR small-section cut blasting peripheral holes are sequentially detonated in a diamond diagonal mode by adopting sectional time delay, and the interval of the differential difference between the peripheral holes is 25-50 ms;

the inverted bench lateral ore caving and top blasting are that the peripheral holes of the cut patios of the stope are blasted first and are detonated in a V shape in sequence, the holes are arranged in a row at the same time and are delayed, one hole is drilled for each section, and the micro-difference interval between the sections is 25-50 ms;

detonating: calculating safety distance of blasting shock waves and seismic waves:

firstly, shock wave safety distance:

r dash =25 XQ 1/3

In the formula, R is the minimum safe distance, m, of the air shock wave to personnel in the shelter;

25-safety level coefficient of shock wave in shelter to personnel;

q is total dosage of one-time blasting, millisecond delay blasting;

blast shock wave safety distance calculation R burst =25 × (126) 1/3=125 m.

3. Secondly, earthquake wave safety distance;

rground = (K/V) 1/a × Qm

R in the formula is blasting earthquake safety distance m;

k is a correlation coefficient with the terrain and the geology, and 200 is taken;

v is the safe speed of seismic waves, and 15 is taken;

a, taking the attenuation coefficient of seismic waves as 1.6;

q is the explosive amount kg, and the maximum explosive amount of each single-sound is 126 kg;

m is the medicine quantity index, 1/3 is taken;

calculating the safe distance of the blasting seismic waves R ground (200/15) 1/1.6 multiplied by 1261/3=25.31 m;

and (3) ore removal, namely after blasting of a stope is finished, adopting a 2m 3 diesel scraper to match with a CA-8 type 8 t pit truck to centrally and continuously remove ores from the access ways at two sides of the stope, conveying the ores to a No. 1 measure well to lift the ores to the ground surface, and timely carrying out cemented filling on the tailings and the concrete after the ore removal is finished.

4. The VCR mining method with the novel blasting method according to claim 1, wherein the sector hole corner in the step (3) is 50-55 °.

Background

The rock drilling roadway is arranged at the lower part of the roof pillar of the chamber, and a parallel or fan-shaped vertical deep hole is drilled downwards for ore falling; the drilling machine is centralized on one drilling level, the drilling roadway is simple in arrangement, convenient to move and operate, and labor-saving in charging; but the hole depth is large, the deviation is easy to generate, the blasting effect is poor, the large block rate is high, and the damage to the ore pillar is also large; in the 70 s of the 20 th century, a new technology of horizontal layered ore falling by using a high-pressure pneumatic down-the-hole drilling machine and a large-diameter deep hole, spherical explosive package and downward funnel in the staged rock drilling ore falling of Canada is called a vertical deep hole downward funnel horizontal layered staged chamber method, which is called a VCR mining method for short.

The existing VCR mining method has the problems of high ore lump rate, large blasting vibration, potential safety hazard and the like after blasting.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a VCR mining method adopting a novel blasting mode, which is used for solving the problems of high ore lump rate, large blasting vibration and potential safety hazard existing after blasting in the prior art of VCR mining method described in the background art in practical application.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a VCR mining method adopting a novel blasting mode comprises the following steps:

(1) stope arrangement: when the thickness of the ore body is less than 20m, the chamber is arranged along the trend: the length of the chamber is 30m, and the width of the chamber is the thickness of the ore body; when the average thickness of the ore body is more than 20m, the chamber is arranged in a vertical direction: the length of the chamber is the thickness of the ore body, the width of the chamber is 15m, and the stage height is 60 m;

the mineral houses arranged along the trend: arranging an upper large-hole drilling chamber: the upper plate is arranged according to the length of the No. 1 chamber of 6.8m, the studs of 2.4m, the length of the No. 2 chamber of 9.6m, the studs of 2.4m and the length of the No. 3 chamber of 9.8m, the lower plate is arranged according to the length of the No. 1 chamber of 9.8m, the studs of 2.4m, the length of the No. 2 chamber of 9.6m, the studs of 2.4m and the length of the No. 3 chamber of 6.8m, the studs are arranged in a staggered way, and the width is the thickness of an ore body; the intra-vein prospecting roadway at the front bottom is also used as a medium-length hole drilling roadway, ore removal access ways 4m x 3.6m are arranged from an upper plate return airway and a lower plate conveying airway of an ore body and communicated with the medium-length hole drilling roadway 4m x 3.6m, and the ore removal access ways are uniformly arranged in a staggered manner, so that ore removal can be carried out to the maximum extent, and the ore loss is reduced;

vertical-oriented arrangement of the chamber: arranging an upper large-hole drilling chamber: the width of the No. 1 chamber is 6.8m, the width of the stud is 2.4m, the width of the No. 2 chamber is 6.8m, and the length is the thickness of an ore body; the bottom of the chamber is provided with a medium-length hole drilling roadway 4m by 3.6m in the middle of the chamber, a run-out route 4m by 3.6m is arranged from a run-through transportation roadway 3.6m by 3.6m and communicated with the medium-length hole drilling roadway, and the run-out route is uniformly staggered so as to realize maximum run-out and reduce ore loss;

(2) cutting engineering: arranging cutting patios in contrast through upper and lower middle-section real-time maps of the chambers arranged along the trend and in the vertical trend, wherein the cutting patios are rectangular and have the specification of 2m by 2m, and constructing by a tank lifting method;

(3) and (3) medium-length hole blasting: the height of a bottom layer is 15m, and a YGZ-90 type guide rail rotary rock drill is adopted to pierce fan-shaped holes (the corner is 50-55 degrees) with the aperture of 60mm in a medium-length hole rock drilling roadway to dig a trench and pull the bottom; arranging upward vertical holes with the hole pitch of 1m in the cutting cross drift, taking the cutting raise as a free surface, and brushing and expanding the vertical holes towards two sides until a cutting groove is formed, wherein the cutting groove is used as a bottom-drawing extraction free surface;

(4) VCR method deep hole blasting, blast hole arrangement parameters: the row spacing is 3m, the hole opening spacing is 3m, the hole bottom spacing is 3-3.5 m, except for side holes; mining technicians design stope deep hole arrangement diagrams according to blast hole arrangement parameters, measuring technicians pay off to determine blast hole positions, constructing downward deep holes by adopting a T-150 type annular down-the-hole drill, wherein the hole diameter is 165mm, the deflection rate is not more than 1%, and inclined holes are arranged on inclined ore bodies under the condition of ensuring the minimum resistance line; after the deep hole construction is finished, the stoping blasting operation can be started, and the stoping operation comprises small-section undermining, inverted bench side ore caving, side row hole blasting and top breaking blasting in sequence; during the period, proper ore removal from the bottom is matched with the stoping work, and the ore removal amount after each blasting is controlled to be about 40% of the ore falling amount;

(5) the hole measuring method comprises the steps of measuring the hole carefully before blasting each time, collecting data such as hole depth, hole bottom surface shape and bottom compensation space, wherein the hole measuring adopts a measuring rope, a tape measure and the like, an iron block and a self-made iron wire grab are tied at the end part of the measuring rope, the measuring rope is placed in the hole to the hole bottom, the data is read to measure the hole bottom height and the blasting pile height, a multi-layered explosive package and the sand filling height are checked, carefully contrasted and analyzed, and recorded in a case in detail

(6) Plugging holes, namely binding a hoisting ring at the center of a concrete plug with phi =150mm by using an iron wire during hole plugging operation, lowering the concrete plug to a position 0.2-0.4 m above the bottom of the hole for fixing an upper orifice, and then filling river sand or rock powder into the hole to a thickness of 0.8-1.2 m;

(7) charging: and (3) manually charging, namely binding the detonating cord at the middle upper part of the initiating explosive package, hanging the detonating cord on the lifting cord and hoisting the detonating cord into the hole, and sequentially hoisting the other explosive packages, wherein the diameter of the explosive package is 140mm, the length of the explosive roll is 0.5 m/package, and the unit weight of the explosive package is 9 kg/package.

VCR small cross section loaded constitution: the method comprises the following steps of blasting by using MRB rock emulsion explosive bags, wherein the single-hole explosive quantity is 72-90 kg, the number of holes is 4-6, the cut area is 15-20 square meters, and the layering blasting height is 8-14 m; the slotting region is arranged in the peripheral region of the cutting raise, and the maximum single-sound medicine quantity is controlled within 126 kg; the lower part of the medicine bag is blocked by river sand or rock powder, the blocking length is 0.8-1.2 m, the upper part of the medicine bag is blocked by fine-grain rock powder and river sand in a combined mode, and the blocking length is 1.2-1.5 m;

the side direction of the inverted bench is collapsed and the charging structure is as follows: the inverted ladder section adopts a large-resistance-line small-hole-pitch hole distribution mode, 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted in each area, and the ore caving step distance is 6-9 m; the lateral ore caving sectional height is 8-14 m, the maximum single-sound dose is controlled within 126kg, the charging structure adopts multilayer emulsion explosive package bamboo poles for interval charging, the layered charging amount is 9kg, the lower part is blocked by rock powder, the blocking length is 0.8-1.2 m, the interval length of the bamboo poles between layers is 0.6m, the filling material of the explosive package at the uppermost layer is rock powder or river sand, and the blocking length is about 1.5 m;

side row hole blasting, broken top blasting loaded constitution: in order to control the stoping boundary of the chamber and avoid caving of the pillar rib, the side row holes are independently blasted after the stoping of the middle hole is finished, emulsified explosive packages are adopted for loading bamboo poles at intervals, the explosive packages are detonated in sections, the layered loading amount is 9kg, and the interval between the bamboo poles is 0.6 m; the height of the top breaking layer is 6-8 m, top breaking blasting operation is carried out on the top breaking blasting self-cutting groove in the direction of the upper disc and the lower disc, the number of rows of top breaking blasting of the upper disc and the lower disc is within 3 rows each time, and the charging structure is the same as that of lateral inverted bench caving;

(8) connecting wires: the stope blasting initiation system is characterized in that a single detonating cord in a hole is sequentially connected with a non-electric millisecond delay detonating tube detonator at an orifice;

the VCR small-section cut blasting peripheral holes are sequentially detonated in a diamond diagonal mode by adopting sectional time delay, and the interval of the differential difference between the peripheral holes is 25-50 ms;

the inverted bench lateral ore caving and top blasting are that the peripheral holes of the cut patios of the stope are blasted first and are detonated in a V shape in sequence, the holes are arranged in a row at the same time and are delayed, one hole is drilled for each section, and the micro-difference interval between the sections is 25-50 ms;

detonating: calculating safety distance of blasting shock waves and seismic waves:

firstly, shock wave safety distance:

r dash =25 XQ 1/3

In the formula, R is the minimum safe distance, m, of the air shock wave to personnel in the shelter;

25-safety level coefficient of shock wave in shelter to personnel;

q is total dosage of one-time blasting, millisecond delay blasting;

blast shock wave safety distance calculation R burst =25 × (126) 1/3=125 m.

Secondly, earthquake wave safety distance;

rground = (K/V) 1/a × Qm

R in the formula is blasting earthquake safety distance m;

k is a correlation coefficient with the terrain and the geology, and 200 is taken;

v is the safe speed of seismic waves, and 15 is taken;

a, taking the attenuation coefficient of seismic waves as 1.6;

q is the explosive amount kg, and the maximum explosive amount of each single-sound is 126 kg;

m is the medicine quantity index, 1/3 is taken;

calculating the safe distance of the blasting seismic waves R ground (200/15) 1/1.6 multiplied by 1261/3=25.31 m;

(9) and (3) ore removal, namely after blasting of a stope is finished, adopting a 2m 3 diesel scraper to match with a CA-8 type 8 t pit truck to centrally and continuously remove ores from the access ways at two sides of the stope, conveying the ores to a No. 1 measure well to lift the ores to the ground surface, and timely carrying out cemented filling on the tailings and the concrete after the ore removal is finished.

The beneficial effect of adopting above technical scheme is:

the maximum safe distance of blasting shock waves is 125m, blasting is carried out in a stope, and the shock waves are attenuated very quickly when meeting a right-angle bend, so that the shock waves and seismic waves cannot impact the earth surface and do not cause harm to common brick houses and non-anti-seismic large-scale block buildings on the earth surface; the height of the bench of each charge and the ore caving amount of the designed deep hole per meter and the single consumption of the total explosive calculate the unit consumption q of the explosive to be about 0.33kg/t, the unit consumption of the explosive is low, and the cost is reduced; the stope is checked after blasting, the caving ore has uniform lumpiness and fewer large blocks, the secondary crushing workload is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved; the blasting vibration is small, and a good foundation is provided for harmonious development of mines and surrounding villages.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the charge configuration of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the small-section undercut segment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the lateral caving section of the inverted bench of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the side row hole segment arrangement of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Examples

A VCR mining method adopting a novel blasting mode,

stope arrangement form and parameters:

the ore block arrangement form of the open-stope subsequent filling (VCR) mining method in the large-diameter deep hole rock drilling stage is divided into two types, one type is that when the ore body thickness is less than 20m, the ore room is arranged along the trend: the length of the chamber is 30m, and the width of the chamber is the thickness of the ore body; the other is that when the average thickness of the ore body is more than 20m, the ore rooms are arranged in a vertical direction: the length of the chamber is the thickness of the ore body, the width of the chamber is 15m, and the stage height is 60 m.

According to ore body boundary lines provided by a geological department and ore exploration roadway actual mapping images provided by measuring personnel, an upper disk air return roadway and a lower disk conveying roadway (the section of the roadway is 4m by 3.8 m) are arranged at the position, not less than 15m, of the upper disk and the lower disk of an ore body.

The mineral houses arranged along the trend: arranging an upper large-hole drilling chamber: the upper plate is arranged according to the length of the No. 1 chamber of 6.8m, the studs of 2.4m, the length of the No. 2 chamber of 9.6m, the studs of 2.4m and the length of the No. 3 chamber of 9.8m, the lower plate is arranged according to the length of the No. 1 chamber of 9.8m, the studs of 2.4m, the length of the No. 2 chamber of 9.6m, the studs of 2.4m and the length of the No. 3 chamber of 6.8m, the studs are arranged in a staggered way, and the width is the thickness of an ore body. The intra-vein prospecting roadway at the early stage of the bottom is also used as a medium-length hole rock drilling roadway, ore removal access ways (4 m x 3.6 m) are arranged from an upper plate return airway and a lower plate conveying airway of an ore body and communicated with the medium-length hole rock drilling roadway (4 m x 3.6 m), and the ore removal access ways are uniformly arranged in a staggered manner, so that ore removal can be carried out to the maximum extent, and the ore loss is reduced.

Vertical-oriented arrangement of the chamber: arranging an upper large-hole drilling chamber: the width of the No. 1 chamber is 6.8m, the width of the stud is 2.4m, the width of the No. 2 chamber is 6.8m, and the length is the thickness of an ore body. The bottom is provided with a medium-length hole rock drilling roadway (4 m x 3.6 m) in the middle of the chamber, an ore removal access (4 m x 3.6 m) is arranged from a pulse-through transportation roadway (3.6 m x 3.6 m) to be communicated with the medium-length hole rock drilling roadway, and the ore removal access is uniformly staggered, so that ore removal can be carried out to the maximum extent, and the ore loss is reduced.

Cutting engineering:

the cutting raise is rectangular and has the specification of 2m x 2m, construction is carried out by applying a hanging tank method, and the cutting raise is ensured to meet the design requirement so as to ensure the medium-length hole groove drawing effect. The cutting cross drift (4 m by 3.6 m) is arranged in the middle of the chamber as much as possible, so that the bottom drawing effect of the medium-length hole is ensured.

And (3) medium-length hole blasting:

the height of a bottom layer is 15m, and a YGZ-90 type guide rail rotary rock drill is adopted to drill a fan-shaped hole (the corner is 50-55 degrees) with the aperture of 60mm in a medium-length hole rock drilling roadway to dig a trench and pull the bottom. And upward vertical holes with the hole pitch of 1m are arranged in the cutting cross drift, the cutting raise is used as a free surface, the vertical holes are brushed and expanded towards two sides until a cutting groove is formed, and the cutting groove is used as a bottom-drawing stoping free surface.

VCR method deep hole blasting:

after the medium-length hole bottom-drawing formation bottom ore removal trench and compensation space, upper portion deep hole drilling are finished, based on the livingston blasting funnel principle, the blasting stoping process that the small-section undercutting and the side direction of falling bench caving combined together is adopted to the blasting characteristics of the spherical cartridge bag of make full use of: and blasting by a VCR method to form a vertical cutting groove, carrying out sectional ore caving by using a lateral free surface formed by the cutting groove and a downward free surface formed by a medium-length hole drawing groove, controlling the blasting scale by controlling the sectional section height and the ore caving step pitch of the lateral ore caving, and blasting the stope to be slightly in an inverted step shape along the width and length directions of the stope. And meanwhile, a proper amount of ore is removed from the bottom of the chamber to meet the space required by next blasting and the safety of the bottom structure, so that the stability of a stope is ensured and the bottom structure is protected.

Deep hole arrangement parameters:

and determining reasonable row spacing of 3m, orifice spacing of 3m, hole bottom spacing of 3-3.5 m and side holes by combining blast hole arrangement parameters with the successful experience of the Zhou oil mill iron ore. Mining technicians design stope deep hole arrangement diagrams according to blast hole arrangement parameters, measurement technicians pay off to determine blast hole positions, a T-150 type annular down-the-hole drill is adopted for construction of downward deep holes, the hole diameter is 165mm, the deflection rate is not more than 1%, inclined holes can be properly arranged on inclined ore bodies under the condition that the minimum resistance line is guaranteed, and ores are mined to the maximum extent.

And after the deep hole construction is finished, the stoping blasting operation can be started, wherein the stoping operation comprises small-section undermining, inverted bench side ore caving, side row hole blasting and top breaking blasting in sequence. During the period, proper ore removal from the bottom is matched with the stoping work, the ore removal amount after each blasting is controlled to be about 40% of the ore falling amount, so that the blasting compensation space is ensured, and meanwhile, the damage of stope blasting to the stability of ore rocks and the bottom structure is weakened, and the stability of the stope in the stoping process is ensured. Stoping blasting construction process: measuring hole, blocking hole, charging, connecting line and detonating.

And (3) hole measurement:

the deep hole blasting is greatly clamped, and phenomena such as hole blocking, hole bottom gourds and the like are easily generated, so that the hole is carefully measured before each blasting, data such as hole depth, hole bottom surface shape, bottom compensation space and the like are collected, and effective basic data are provided for subsequent blasting design.

The hole is measured by using a measuring rope, a tape measure and the like, an iron block and a self-made iron wire are tied at the end part of the measuring rope, the measuring rope is placed in the hole to the bottom of the hole, data are read out to measure the height of the bottom of the hole and the height of blasting piles, the height of multi-layered explosive packages and the height of sand filling are checked, the height of layered caving can be known through careful comparative analysis and detailed record on a case, and the plasticity of the blasting process is ensured.

Hole plugging:

when in hole plugging operation, the iron wire binds a hoisting ring at the center of the concrete plug with phi =150mm, the concrete plug is placed to the position of a section of 0.2-0.4 m above the bottom of a hole to fix the upper hole opening, and then river sand or rock powder is filled into the hole to be 0.8-1.2 m thick.

Charging:

and (3) manually charging, namely binding the detonating cord at the middle upper part of the detonating cartridge bag, hanging the detonating cord on the lifting rope and hoisting the detonating cord into the hole, and sequentially hoisting the other cartridge bags. The diameter of the medicine package is 140mm, the length of the medicine roll is 0.5 m/strip, and the weight of the medicine package is 9 kg/strip.

VCR small cross section loaded constitution: and (2) blasting by using MRB rock emulsion explosive bags, wherein the single-hole explosive quantity is 72-90 kg, the number of holes is 4-6, the cut area is 15-20 square meters, and the layering blasting height is 8-14 m. The slotting region is arranged in the peripheral region of the cutting raise, and the maximum single-sound medicine quantity is controlled within 126 kg; the lower part of the medicine bag is blocked by river sand or rock powder, the blocking length is 0.8-1.2 m, the upper part of the medicine bag is blocked by fine-grain rock powder and river sand in a combined mode, and the blocking length is 1.2-1.5 m. The charge configuration is shown in figure 1.

The side direction of the inverted bench is collapsed and the charging structure is as follows: the inverted ladder section adopts a large-resistance-line small-hole-pitch hole distribution mode, 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted in each area, and the ore caving step distance is 6-9 m; the lateral ore caving sectional height is 8-14 m, the maximum single-sound dose is controlled within 126kg, the charging structure adopts multilayer emulsion explosive package bamboo poles for spaced charging, the layered charging amount is 9kg, the lower part is blocked by rock powder, the blocking length is 0.8-1.2 m, the spacing length between the bamboo poles is 0.6m, the explosive package filling material on the uppermost layer is rock powder or river sand, and the blocking length is about 1.5 m.

Side row hole blasting, broken top blasting loaded constitution: in order to control the stoping boundary of the chamber and avoid caving of the pillar, side row holes (the left side hole and the right side hole of the chamber boundary) are independently blasted after the stoping of the middle hole is finished, emulsified explosive bags are adopted for loading bamboo poles at intervals, the explosive bags are detonated in sections, the layered explosive loading amount is 9kg, and the interval between the bamboo poles is 0.6 m.

The height of the top breaking layer is 6-8 m, top breaking blasting operation is carried out on the top breaking blasting self-cutting groove in the direction of the upper disc and the lower disc, the number of rows of top breaking blasting of the upper disc and the lower disc is within 3 rows, and the charging structure is the same as that of lateral inverted bench caving.

Connecting wire

The stope blasting initiation system is characterized in that a single detonating cord in a hole is sequentially connected with a non-electric millisecond delay detonating tube detonator at an orifice, and the initiation sequence is as follows.

And blasting peripheral holes of the VCR small-section cut blasting by adopting segmented delay and sequentially detonating in a rhombic diagonal mode, wherein the interval of the differential difference between the peripheral holes is 25-50 ms. The arrangement of the small-section cut section positions is schematically shown in figure 2.

The inverted bench side ore caving and top blasting are that the peripheral holes of the cut patio of the stope are blasted first and are detonated in a V shape in sequence, the holes are arranged in rows at the same time, each hole is drilled for one time, and the micro-difference interval between the sections is 25-50 ms.

Initiation of detonation

Calculating safety distance of blasting shock waves and seismic waves:

firstly, shock wave safety distance:

r dash =25 XQ 1/3

In the formula, R is the minimum safe distance, m, of the air shock wave to personnel in the shelter;

25-safety level coefficient of shock wave in shelter to personnel;

q is the total dose of one shot, millisecond delay shot.

Blast shock wave safety distance calculation R burst =25 × (126) 1/3=125 m.

Secondly, earthquake wave safety distance;

rground = (K/V) 1/a × Qm

R in the formula is blasting earthquake safety distance m;

k is a correlation coefficient with the terrain and the geology, and 200 is taken;

v is the safe speed of seismic waves, and 15 is taken;

a, taking the attenuation coefficient of seismic waves as 1.6;

q is the explosive amount kg, and the maximum explosive amount of each single-sound is 126 kg;

m is the medicine amount index, and 1/3 is taken.

Calculating safe distance of blasting seismic waves R ground (200/15) 1/1.6 x 1261/3=25.31m

Therefore, the maximum safe distance of blasting shock waves is 125m, blasting is carried out in a stope, and the shock waves are attenuated very quickly when meeting a right-angle bend, so that the shock waves and seismic waves cannot impact the earth surface and do not harm common brick houses and non-earthquake-resistant large-scale block buildings on the earth surface. For safety reasons, mine safety has required detonation at the surface wellhead and total evacuation of all downhole personnel to the surface, taking into account the many unanticipated events that occur after a downhole blast.

Ore removal

After the stope blasting is finished, 2m 3 diesel oil scraper is adopted to match with CA-8 type 8 t pit inner trucks to enter from two sides of the stope to intensively and continuously remove the ore, the ore is transported to the No. 1 measure well to be lifted to the ground surface, and after the ore removal is finished, the tailing concrete is cemented and filled in time to shorten the stope exposure time.

The unit consumption q of the explosive is calculated to be about 0.33kg/t through the height of the bench of each charging, the ore caving amount of each meter of the designed deep hole and the total amount consumed each time, the unit consumption of the explosive is low, and the cost is reduced; the stope is checked after blasting, the caving ore has uniform lumpiness and fewer large blocks, the secondary crushing workload is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved; the blasting vibration is small, and a good foundation is provided for harmonious development of mines and surrounding villages. Practice proves that the method is a mining method with good blasting quality, high production efficiency, safe operation and good economic benefit.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.