Casting surface treatment method
1. A casting surface treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, spraying and welding alloy particles on the surface of the casting, wherein the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than that of the matrix, then carrying out laser melting treatment to form a metal protective layer, and cooling to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is formed;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath to be used as a cathode for electrodeposition so as to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treating agent into the processing tank, wherein the metal surface treating agent needs to permeate the casting, and standing for 10-15min at 40-50 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
2. The casting surface treatment method as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the casting surface is polished by spraying a polishing liquid through a high-pressure high-speed nozzle, the polishing liquid is a mixed liquid of a cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, wherein the mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 2-5:80, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is 120-250 μm.
3. A casting surface treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step S2, the casting acid activation includes:
s21, soaking the mixture in 20-25% hydrochloric acid solution for 10-15min, wherein the solution temperature is 30-35 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 3-5 minutes, and standing at 80-85 ℃ for 5-10 min.
4. A casting surface treatment method as defined in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the preheating temperature is 200-.
5. A casting surface treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the alloy particles have a particle size of 80 to 100 μm.
6. The casting surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, acetic acid, and potassium fluoride, wherein the weight ratio of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, acetic acid, and potassium fluoride is 10-12: 1: 1: 1: 0.5.
7. a casting surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the metal surface treatment agent comprises 12-15% of nickel nitrate, 12-15% of sodium acetate, 5-8% of a derusting conversion agent, 5-8% of a corrosion inhibitor, 1-4% of citric acid, 1-4% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid, and the balance of water by mass fraction.
8. A casting surface treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that the metal surface treatment agent and water are diluted in a ratio of 1: 20-30.
Background
The die casting is a part which is generally called a die casting, and is a pressure casting mechanical die casting machine which is used for installing a casting die, and copper, zinc, aluminum or aluminum alloy parts with shapes and sizes limited by the die are cast by pouring metal such as copper, zinc, aluminum or aluminum alloy which is heated to be liquid into a feeding port of the die casting machine through die casting of the die casting machine.
Because the metal copper, zinc, aluminum and aluminum alloy have good fluidity and plasticity, and the casting process is carried out in a pressure die casting machine, the aluminum die casting can be made into various complicated shapes and high precision and finish, thereby reducing the machining amount of the casting and the casting allowance of the metal copper, zinc, aluminum or aluminum alloy to a great extent, saving electric power and metal materials, and greatly saving labor cost.
However, the die casting has inherent or inevitable casting defects such as generation of blowholes, blisters and the like, which may deteriorate the surface quality of the die casting, resulting in low yield and being disadvantageous for subsequent processing thereof. In order to overcome the surface defects of the castings, a surface treatment technology becomes an indispensable ring in the use of the castings so as to improve the comprehensive performance of the surfaces of the castings, and particularly enhances the characteristics of wear resistance, temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like. The existing casting surface treatment method is generally single in effect, and a method capable of effectively improving the comprehensive performance is rare.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a casting surface treatment method, which solves the problems that the prior art is single in effect and difficult to effectively improve the comprehensive performance.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a casting surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, spraying and welding alloy particles on the surface of the casting, wherein the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than that of the matrix, then carrying out laser melting treatment to form a metal protective layer, and cooling to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is formed;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath to be used as a cathode for electrodeposition so as to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treating agent into the processing tank, wherein the metal surface treating agent needs to permeate the casting, and standing for 10-15min at 40-50 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
Optionally, in the step S1, the casting surface is polished by spraying a polishing liquid through a high-pressure high-speed nozzle, where the polishing liquid is a mixed liquid of a cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, a mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 2-5:80, and a particle size of the quartz sand particles is 120-250 μm.
Optionally, in the step S2, the casting acid activation includes:
s21, soaking the mixture in 20-25% hydrochloric acid solution for 10-15min, wherein the solution temperature is 30-35 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 3-5 minutes, and standing at 80-85 ℃ for 5-10 min.
Optionally, in the step S3, the preheating temperature is 200-400 ℃, and the alloy particles comprise, by mass, 8-10% of cobalt, 4-6% of titanium, 2-5% of rubidium, 2-5% of strontium, 5-8% of yttrium aluminum garnet, 2-5% of forsterite, and 5-10% of additives.
Optionally, the alloy particles have a particle size of 80-100 aμm。
Optionally, in step S4, the electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, acetic acid, and potassium fluoride, wherein the weight ratio of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, acetic acid, and potassium fluoride is 10-12: 1: 1: 1: 0.5.
optionally, in the step S5, the metal surface treatment agent includes, by mass, 12 to 15% of nickel nitrate, 12 to 15% of sodium acetate, 5 to 8% of a rust removal conversion agent, 5 to 8% of a corrosion inhibitor, 1 to 4% of citric acid, 1 to 4% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid, and the balance being water.
Optionally, the metal surface treatment agent and water are diluted in a ratio of 1: 20-30.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the casting surface is polished by injecting polishing liquid through the high-pressure high-speed spray head, polishing dead angles do not exist, polishing quality is high, and the polished casting surface is smooth.
2. The oxide skin and rust on the surface of the casting are effectively removed by the acid solution, so that the subsequent film coating process is facilitated.
3. The metal film is formed on the surface of the casting by spray welding alloy particles, wherein cobalt, titanium, rubidium and strontium can form an amorphous hardened layer on the surface of the casting, so that the hardness and the wear resistance of the casting can be effectively improved, the corrosion resistance, the fire resistance and the stability of yttrium aluminum garnet and forsterite can be effectively improved, the additives have the performances of adhesion, filling and impact resistance, and the bonding characteristics among the components are enhanced after the laser surface is subjected to melting and fusing treatment.
4. The casting is used as a cathode for electrodeposition so as to form a layer of compact electrodeposited film on the surface of the metal protective layer, so that the corrosion resistance and the ultraviolet oxidation resistance of the treated aluminum alloy die casting can be improved, and the aluminum alloy die casting has excellent salt spray resistance and season resistance.
5. After being soaked by the metal surface treating agent, the metal surface treating agent can effectively remove oil stains on the surface of a casting, is beneficial to dissolving and removing iron scales, enables the casting to be corrosion-resistant, alkali-resistant and good in surface removing effect, and is easy to obtain raw materials, low in price and beneficial to saving of production cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is noted that the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In addition, the term "plurality" shall mean two as well as more than two.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
a casting surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
specifically, a high-pressure high-speed spray head is used for spraying polishing liquid to polish the surface of a casting, wherein the polishing liquid is mixed liquid of cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, the mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 3:80, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is 120 microns;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s21, soaking the mixture in 20 mass percent hydrochloric acid solution for 10min, wherein the temperature of the solution is 30 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 3 minutes, and standing at 80 ℃ for 5 min;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, wherein in the embodiment, the raw material of the casting is carbon steel, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, the preheating flame is neutral or weak carbon flame, then alloy particles are sprayed and welded on the surface of the casting, the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than the melting point of the matrix, then laser melting and solidifying are carried out to form a metal protective layer, the metal protective layer is cooled to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is completed, the alloy particles comprise 8% of cobalt, 5% of titanium, 3% of rubidium, 5% of strontium, 4% of yttrium aluminum garnet, 4% of forsterite and 4% of additives in mass fraction, and the particle size of the alloy particles is 80 mu m;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath, and performing electrodeposition by using the casting as a cathode to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer, wherein the used electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, water acetic acid and potassium fluoride, and the weight ratio of the cationic epoxy resin to the potassium hydroxide to the ammonium chloride to the water acetic acid to the potassium fluoride is 10: 1: 1: 1: 0.5;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the polished casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treatment agent into the processing tank, diluting the metal surface treatment agent with water according to the proportion of 1:20, wherein the metal surface treatment agent specifically comprises 12% of nickel nitrate, 12% of sodium acetate, 5% of derusting conversion agent, 5% of corrosion inhibitor, 1% of citric acid, 1% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid and the balance of water in percentage by mass, the metal surface treatment agent needs to permeate the casting, and standing the casting for 15min at the temperature of 50 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
Example 2:
a casting surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
specifically, polishing liquid is sprayed by a high-pressure high-speed spray head to polish the surface of a casting, wherein the polishing liquid is mixed liquid of cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, the mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 2.5:80, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is 180 microns;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s21, soaking the mixture in 22 mass percent hydrochloric acid solution for 15min, wherein the temperature of the solution is 35 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 5 minutes, and standing at 85 ℃ for 10 min;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, wherein in the embodiment, the raw material of the casting is carbon steel, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, the preheating flame is neutral or weak carbon flame, then alloy particles are sprayed and welded on the surface of the casting, the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than the melting point of the matrix, then laser melting and solidifying are carried out to form a metal protective layer, the metal protective layer is cooled to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is completed, the alloy particles comprise 10% of cobalt, 6% of titanium, 5% of rubidium, 5% of strontium, 8% of yttrium aluminum garnet, 5% of forsterite and 10% of additives in mass fraction, and the particle size of the alloy particles is 90 mu m;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath, and performing electrodeposition by using the casting as a cathode to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer, wherein the used electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, water acetic acid and potassium fluoride, and the weight ratio of the cationic epoxy resin to the potassium hydroxide to the ammonium chloride to the water acetic acid to the potassium fluoride is 12: 1: 1: 1: 0.5;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the polished casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treatment agent into the processing tank, diluting the metal surface treatment agent with water according to the proportion of 1:25, wherein the metal surface treatment agent specifically comprises 15% of nickel nitrate, 15% of sodium acetate, 8% of derusting conversion agent, 8% of corrosion inhibitor, 4% of citric acid, 4% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid and the balance of water in percentage by mass, the metal surface treatment agent needs to permeate the casting, and standing the casting for 15min at the temperature of 50 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
Example 3:
a casting surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
specifically, a high-pressure high-speed spray head is used for spraying polishing liquid to polish the surface of a casting, wherein the polishing liquid is mixed liquid of cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, the mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 4.5:80, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is 150 microns;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s21, soaking the mixture in 23 mass percent hydrochloric acid solution for 12min, wherein the temperature of the solution is 32 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 4 minutes, and standing for 7min at 82 ℃;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, wherein the raw material of the casting is nickel-chromium stainless steel in the embodiment, the preheating temperature is 350-400 ℃, the preheating flame is neutral or weak carbon flame, then alloy particles are sprayed and welded on the surface of the casting, the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than that of a substrate, then laser melting and condensing treatment is carried out to form a metal protective layer, the metal protective layer is cooled to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is completed, the alloy particles comprise 9% of cobalt, 5% of titanium, 3% of rubidium, 3% of strontium, 7% of yttrium aluminum garnet, 3% of forsterite and 8% of additives in percentage by mass, and the particle size of the alloy particles is 90 mu m;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath, and performing electrodeposition by using the casting as a cathode to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer, wherein the used electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, water acetic acid and potassium fluoride, and the weight ratio of the cationic epoxy resin to the potassium hydroxide to the ammonium chloride to the water acetic acid to the potassium fluoride is 11: 1: 1: 1: 0.5;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the polished casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treatment agent into the processing tank, diluting the metal surface treatment agent with water according to the proportion of 1:25, wherein the metal surface treatment agent specifically comprises 13% of nickel nitrate, 13% of sodium acetate, 7% of derusting conversion agent, 7% of corrosion inhibitor, 3% of citric acid, 3% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid and the balance of water in percentage by mass, the metal surface treatment agent needs to permeate the casting, and standing the casting for 12min at the temperature of 45 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
Example 4:
a casting surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
specifically, a high-pressure high-speed spray head is used for spraying polishing liquid to polish the surface of a casting, wherein the polishing liquid is mixed liquid of cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, the mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 3:80, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is 160 microns;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s21, soaking the mixture in 22 mass percent hydrochloric acid solution for 12min, wherein the temperature of the solution is 32 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 4 minutes, and standing at 85 ℃ for 7 min;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, wherein the raw material of the casting is nickel-chromium stainless steel in the embodiment, the preheating temperature is 350-400 ℃, the preheating flame is neutral or weak carbon flame, then alloy particles are sprayed and welded on the surface of the casting, the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than that of a substrate, then laser melting and condensing treatment is carried out to form a metal protective layer, the metal protective layer is cooled to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is completed, the alloy particles comprise 10% of cobalt, 5% of titanium, 3% of rubidium, 3% of strontium, 4% of yttrium aluminum garnet, 4% of forsterite and 8% of additives in mass fraction, and the particle size of the alloy particles is 85 mu m;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath, and performing electrodeposition by using the casting as a cathode to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer, wherein the used electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, water acetic acid and potassium fluoride, and the weight ratio of the cationic epoxy resin to the potassium hydroxide to the ammonium chloride to the water acetic acid to the potassium fluoride is 12: 1: 1: 1: 0.5;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the polished casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treatment agent into the processing tank, diluting the metal surface treatment agent with water according to the proportion of 1:28, wherein the metal surface treatment agent specifically comprises 12% of nickel nitrate, 12% of sodium acetate, 6% of derusting conversion agent, 6% of corrosion inhibitor, 3% of citric acid, 3% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid and the balance of water in percentage by mass, the metal surface treatment agent needs to flow over the casting, and standing the casting for 12min at the temperature of 40 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
Example 5:
a casting surface treatment method comprises the following steps:
s1, polishing the surface of the casting;
specifically, a high-pressure high-speed spray head is used for spraying polishing liquid to polish the surface of a casting, wherein the polishing liquid is mixed liquid of cutting liquid and quartz sand particles, the mass ratio of the quartz sand particles to the cutting liquid is 4.2:80, and the particle size of the quartz sand particles is 240 microns;
s2, activating the casting acid;
s21, soaking the mixture in 20 mass percent hydrochloric acid solution for 15min, wherein the temperature of the solution is 30 ℃;
s22, soaking in deionized water for 3 minutes, and standing at 80 ℃ for 6 min;
s3, preheating the casting processed in the step S2, wherein the raw material of the casting is nickel-chromium stainless steel in the embodiment, the preheating temperature is 350-400 ℃, the preheating flame is neutral or weak carbon flame, then alloy particles are sprayed and welded on the surface of the casting, the melting point of the alloy particles is lower than that of a substrate, then laser melting and condensing treatment is carried out to form a metal protective layer, the metal protective layer is cooled to normal temperature after the metal protective layer is completed, the alloy particles comprise 8% of cobalt, 6% of titanium, 4% of rubidium, 4% of strontium, 6% of yttrium aluminum garnet, 3% of forsterite and 8% of additives in percentage by mass, and the particle size of the alloy particles is 85 mu m;
s4, placing the casting processed in the step S3 in an electrolytic bath, and performing electrodeposition by using the casting as a cathode to form an electrodeposition film on the surface of the metal protective layer, wherein the used electrodeposition solution is an aqueous solution of cationic epoxy resin, potassium hydroxide, ammonium chloride, water acetic acid and potassium fluoride, and the weight ratio of the cationic epoxy resin to the potassium hydroxide to the ammonium chloride to the water acetic acid to the potassium fluoride is 12: 1: 1: 1: 0.5;
s5, polishing the casting processed in the step S4, placing the polished casting in a processing tank, adding a metal surface treatment agent into the processing tank, diluting the metal surface treatment agent with water according to the proportion of 1:22, wherein the metal surface treatment agent specifically comprises 13% of nickel nitrate, 13% of sodium acetate, 6% of derusting conversion agent, 6% of corrosion inhibitor, 4% of citric acid, 4% of ferrous oxalate lactic acid and the balance of water in percentage by mass, the metal surface treatment agent needs to permeate the casting, and standing the casting for 12min at the temperature of 45 ℃;
and S6, washing with deionized water and drying.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
