1. A device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis is characterized by comprising a shell, an AC-DC converter, an oxygen collecting system, a hydrogen collecting system and an electrolyte supplying system, wherein the electrolyte supplying system is arranged in the shell, a plurality of independent electrolysis generating chambers are arranged in the electrolyte supplying system, a diaphragm is arranged between every two adjacent electrolysis generating chambers, an electrolyzed water unit is arranged in each electrolysis generating chamber, the electrolysis water units are connected in series, each electrolyzed water unit comprises a bipolar catalytic electrode and a sealing piece, the bipolar catalytic electrode comprises an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are separated by an electrode clapboard, the cathode electrode is coated with cathode material particles for catalytic electrolysis, and the electrode clapboard divides each electrolysis generating chamber into an oxygen generating area and a hydrogen generating area, the bottom of the oxygen generation area and the top of the hydrogen generation area are both provided with sealing parts, the oxygen collection system is communicated with the oxygen generation area through a first pipeline, the hydrogen collection system is communicated with the hydrogen generation area through a second pipeline, and the AC-DC converter is used for converting external alternating current into direct current to provide electrolytic electric energy.

2. The apparatus for preparing hydrogen through catalytic electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the anode electrode of the bipolar catalytic electrode is formed by coating one surface of a first metal plate substrate with anode material particles, the cathode electrode thereof is formed by coating one surface of a second metal plate substrate with cathode material particles, the first metal plate substrate coated with anode material particles, the electrode separator and the second metal plate substrate coated with cathode material particles are sequentially stacked and combined to form the bipolar catalytic electrode, and the surface of the first metal plate substrate coated with anode material particles is away from the surface of the second metal plate substrate coated with cathode material particles.

3. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the anode and cathode of the bipolar catalytic electrode are respectively coated with anode material particles on one side and cathode material particles on the other side of the third metal plate substrate.

4. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the particles of the anode material are one or a mixture of two or more of nickel, an oxide of nickel, and a hydroxide of nickel, and the particles of the cathode material are a rare earth alloy.

5. The apparatus for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 2, wherein the bipolar catalytic electrode is provided with an electrolysis liquid outlet, and the top of the bipolar catalytic electrode is respectively provided with an oxygen outlet, a hydrogen outlet and an electrolysis liquid inlet, the electrolysis liquid inlet and the electrolysis liquid outlet are communicated with each electrolysis generation chamber, the oxygen outlet is communicated with the first pipeline, and the hydrogen outlet is communicated with the second pipeline.

6. The apparatus for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 5, wherein the first metal plate substrate, the second metal plate substrate and the electrode separator are all provided with an electrolysis liquid outlet, an electrolysis liquid inlet, an oxygen outlet and a hydrogen outlet.

7. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 1, further comprising a current monitor and a voltage monitor for detecting and controlling the current and voltage of the electrolysis reaction, respectively.

8. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen collection system is provided with a gas concentration detection device for determining whether the hydrogen concentration is within a safe range, an explosion relief and a quick discharge port for gas discharge.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a composite frame surrounding the membrane.

10. The apparatus for producing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte supply system uses an alkaline solution as the electrolyte.

Background

With the increasing energy crisis and environmental crisis worldwide, new energy becomes a development direction which is more and more emphasized, and hydrogen energy becomes an important means for realizing carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization. With the invention, development and industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells, the hydrogen preparation needs to be realized in a cleaner way, so that the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction can be achieved. The current preparation mode of hydrogen gas limits the popularization and application of hydrogen energy to a great extent. The hydrogen production by water electrolysis is considered as a main way for producing hydrogen, and particularly, the hydrogen is produced by electrolyzing water by utilizing abandoned energy in a new energy power generation system which utilizes solar energy and wind energy with large fluctuation amplitude to impact a power grid and produce abandoned wind and abandoned light, so that the energy is utilized most fully. With the increasing of the hydrogen consumption, the water electrolysis technology has been developed and applied, mainly including alkaline water electrolysis, PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) water electrolysis and other technologies, but there are situations that precious metals are needed to be used as catalysts, especially the PEM water electrolysis technology, a large amount of rare precious metals such as platinum and iridium are needed to be used as catalysts, and the precious metals are also main catalysts of fuel cells, so that the catalysts are inevitably contended with the fuel cells, and the cost is difficult to control. Moreover, the water electrolysis technologies have the problem of large electrode polarization, which results in low electrolysis efficiency. In addition, designers of conventional water electrolysis apparatuses are constantly improving their original designs in an attempt to improve their original drawbacks, and the effects are relatively insignificant because they are not changed from the material side.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a device for producing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis, which can solve the technical defects of the prior art, such as high cost and low electrolysis efficiency.

The invention relates to a device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis, which comprises a shell, an AC-DC converter, an oxygen collecting system, a hydrogen collecting system and an electrolyte supplying system, wherein the electrolyte supplying system is arranged in the shell, a plurality of independent electrolysis generating chambers are arranged in the electrolyte supplying system, a diaphragm is arranged between every two adjacent electrolysis generating chambers, an electrolyzed water unit is arranged in each electrolysis generating chamber, the electrolyzed water units are connected in series, each electrolyzed water unit comprises a bipolar catalytic electrode and a sealing element, the bipolar catalytic electrode comprises an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are separated by an electrode clapboard, the cathode electrode is coated with cathode material particles for catalytic electrolysis, the electrode clapboard divides each electrolysis generating chamber into an oxygen generating area and a hydrogen generating area, and the bottom of the oxygen generating area and the top of the hydrogen generating area are both provided with the sealing elements, the oxygen collection system is communicated with the oxygen generation area through a first pipeline, the hydrogen collection system is communicated with the hydrogen generation area through a second pipeline, and the AC-DC converter is used for converting external alternating current into direct current to provide electrolytic electric energy.

Further, an anode electrode of the bipolar catalytic electrode is formed by coating anode material particles on one surface of a first metal plate substrate, a cathode electrode of the bipolar catalytic electrode is formed by coating cathode material particles on one surface of a second metal plate substrate, the first metal plate substrate coated with the anode material particles, an electrode separator and the second metal plate substrate coated with the cathode material particles are sequentially overlapped and combined to form the bipolar catalytic electrode, and one surface of the first metal plate substrate coated with the anode material particles and one surface of the second metal plate substrate coated with the cathode material particles are arranged in a mode of deviating from each other.

Furthermore, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode of the bipolar catalytic electrode are respectively completed by coating anode material particles on one surface of the third metal plate substrate and coating cathode material particles on the other surface of the third metal plate substrate.

Further, the anode material particles are one or a mixture of two or more of nickel, nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide, and the cathode material particles are rare earth alloy.

Furthermore, an electrolysis liquid outlet is formed in the bipolar catalytic electrode, an oxygen outlet, a hydrogen outlet and an electrolysis liquid inlet are formed in the top of the bipolar catalytic electrode, the electrolysis liquid inlet and the electrolysis liquid outlet are communicated with each electrolysis generation chamber, the oxygen outlet is communicated with the first pipeline, and the hydrogen outlet is communicated with the second pipeline.

Furthermore, an electrolysis liquid outlet, an electrolysis liquid inlet, an oxygen outlet and a hydrogen outlet are formed in the first metal plate base body, the second metal plate base body and the electrode partition plate.

Further, the device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis also comprises a current monitor and a voltage monitor, wherein the current monitor and the voltage monitor are respectively used for detecting and controlling the current and the voltage of the electrolytic reaction.

Further, a gas concentration detection device, an explosion venting and quick discharging port are installed in the hydrogen collecting system, the gas concentration detection device is used for determining whether the hydrogen concentration is in a safe range, and the explosion venting and quick discharging port is used for gas discharging.

Further, the device for preparing hydrogen through catalytic electrolysis also comprises a composite frame, and the composite frame is coated on the periphery of the diaphragm.

Further, the electrolyte supply system takes an alkaline solution as an electrolyte.

The invention relates to a device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis, which comprises a shell, an AC-DC converter, an oxygen collecting system, a hydrogen collecting system and an electrolyte supplying system, wherein the electrolyte supplying system is arranged in the shell, a plurality of independent electrolysis generating chambers are arranged in the electrolyte supplying system, a diaphragm is arranged between every two adjacent electrolysis generating chambers, an electrolyzed water unit is arranged in each electrolysis generating chamber, the electrolyzed water units are connected in series, each electrolyzed water unit comprises a bipolar catalytic electrode and a sealing element, the bipolar catalytic electrode comprises an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are separated by an electrode clapboard, the cathode electrode is coated with cathode material particles for catalytic electrolysis, the electrode clapboard divides each electrolysis generating chamber into an oxygen generating area and a hydrogen generating area, and the bottom of the oxygen generating area and the top of the hydrogen generating area are both provided with the sealing elements, the oxygen collection system is communicated with the oxygen generation area through a first pipeline, the hydrogen collection system is communicated with the hydrogen generation area through a second pipeline, the AC-DC converter is used for converting external alternating current into direct current to provide electrolytic electric energy, and gas separation and high-purity gas preparation are effectively achieved through the arrangement.

In addition, the device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis uses one or a mixture of two or more of nickel, nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide as an anode and rare earth alloy as a cathode, and the anode and the cathode are separated by a diaphragm, so that the problem of large polarization of the traditional water electrolysis hydrogen preparation electrode is effectively solved.

Furthermore, the hydrogen preparation device through catalytic electrolysis is provided with the special diaphragm with the composite frame in the design process, so that hydrogen and oxygen generated by electrolysis can be mixed or isolated according to needs, and the hydrogen preparation purity is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a catalytic electrolysis hydrogen production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the bipolar catalytic electrode of FIG. 1.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a housing; 2. an electrolyte supply system; 3. a diaphragm; 4. a bipolar catalytic electrode; 5. a seal member; 6. an anode electrode; 7. a cathode electrode; 8. an electrode separator; 9. a first conduit; 10. a second conduit; 11. anode material particles; 12. particles of a cathode material; 13. a first metal plate substrate; 14. a second metal plate substrate; 15. an electrolysis liquid outlet; 16. an oxygen outlet; 17. a hydrogen outlet; 18. and (4) electrolyzing the liquid inlet.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

In the present invention, the terms "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The terms "first", "second" and "third" are used mainly to distinguish different components, but do not specifically limit the components.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a catalytic electrolysis hydrogen production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis comprises a shell 1, an AC-DC (Alternating current-Direct current) converter, an oxygen collecting system, a hydrogen collecting system and an electrolyte supplying system 2, wherein the electrolyte supplying system 2 is arranged in the shell 1, a plurality of independent electrolysis generating chambers are arranged in the shell, a diaphragm 3 is arranged between every two adjacent electrolysis generating chambers, an electrolytic water unit is arranged in each electrolysis generating chamber and comprises a bipolar catalytic electrode 4 and a sealing piece 5, the diaphragm 3 is used for isolating the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 to avoid contact short circuit of the bipolar catalytic electrode, an ion channel is formed by the diaphragm 3 and electrolyte in the electrolyte supplying system 2 together, the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction is convenient to carry out, the electrolytic water units are connected in series, the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 comprises an anode electrode 6 and a cathode electrode 7, wherein, the anode electrode 6 and the cathode electrode 7 are separated by an electrode separator 8, the cathode electrode 7 is coated with cathode material particles 12 for catalytic electrolysis, each electrolysis generation chamber is divided into an oxygen generation area and a hydrogen generation area by the electrode separator 8, the bottom of the oxygen generation area and the top of the hydrogen generation area are both provided with a sealing member 5, an oxygen collection system is communicated with the oxygen generation area through a first pipeline 9 and can collect and store oxygen generated by the anode electrode 6, a hydrogen collection system is communicated with the hydrogen generation area through a second pipeline 10 and can collect and store hydrogen generated by the cathode electrode 7, and an AC-DC converter is used for converting external alternating current into direct current to provide electrolytic electric energy. It should be noted that, in order to determine that the concentration of the collected hydrogen is within the safe range and avoid the occurrence of explosion, the hydrogen collection system is provided with a gas concentration detection device and an explosion venting and rapid discharging port, and once the gas concentration detection device detects that the concentration of the collected hydrogen exceeds the preset safe range, the explosion venting and rapid discharging port is started to discharge the hydrogen.

Referring to fig. 2, the anode electrode 6 of the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 is formed by coating the anode material particles 11 on one surface of the first metal plate substrate 13, the cathode electrode 7 thereof is formed by coating the cathode material particles 12 on one surface of the second metal plate substrate 14, the first metal plate substrate 13 coated with the anode material particles 11, the electrode separator 8 and the second metal plate substrate 14 coated with the cathode material particles 12 are sequentially stacked and combined to form the bipolar catalytic electrode 4, and the surface of the first metal plate substrate 13 coated with the anode material particles 11 is separated from the surface of the second metal plate substrate 14 coated with the cathode material particles 12.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to first making the anode electrode 6 and the cathode electrode 7 separately, and then combining them into the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 through the electrode separator 8, in other embodiments, the anode electrode 6 and the cathode electrode 7 of the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 are respectively completed by coating one surface of the third metal plate substrate with the anode material particles 11, and coating the other surface with the cathode material particles 12, in which case only one metal plate substrate is needed. Preferably, the first metal plate substrate 13, the second metal plate substrate 14 and the third metal plate substrate are made of nickel plates, the anode material particles 11 are made of one or a mixture of two or more of nickel, nickel oxide and nickel hydroxide, and the cathode material particles 12 are made of rare earth alloy, but other materials can be used for the anode material particles 11 and the cathode material particles 12. Therefore, in the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 of the present invention, the cathode and anode coated materials do not contain precious and rare metals such as platinum and iridium, and instead, rare earth alloys are used as the main components, which not only greatly reduces the cost of the hydrogen preparation device, but also helps to put precious metals such as platinum and iridium into the hydrogen fuel cell product, and does not compete with the hydrogen fuel cell product for resources under the condition of providing the hydrogen for the hydrogen fuel cell product, thereby effectively promoting the industrial development.

In a further technical scheme, an electrolysis liquid outlet 15 is arranged at the bottom of the bipolar catalytic electrode 4, an oxygen outlet 16, a hydrogen outlet 17 and an electrolysis liquid inlet 18 are respectively arranged at the top of the bipolar catalytic electrode, the electrolysis liquid inlet 18 and the electrolysis liquid outlet 15 are communicated with each electrolysis generation chamber, the oxygen outlet 16 is communicated with a first pipeline 9, and the hydrogen outlet 17 is communicated with a second pipeline 10, specifically, referring to fig. 2, the electrolysis liquid outlet 15, the electrolysis liquid inlet 18, the oxygen outlet and the hydrogen outlet 17 are respectively arranged on the first metal plate substrate 13, the second metal plate substrate 14 and the electrode separator 8.

The device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis takes alkaline solution as electrolyte, and OH in electrolyte at anode end after the device is electrified^-Will oxidize to O₂At the cathode terminal H₂H in O⁺Will be reduced to generate H₂Since the rare earth alloy is an effective catalyst for the cathode reaction, the reaction efficiency can be improved, so that an oxygen generation region and a hydrogen generation region are respectively formed between the diaphragm 3 and the first metal plate substrate 13 and the second metal plate substrate 14 of the bipolar catalytic electrode 4, a gas channel for separating hydrogen and oxygen can be formed through the sealing member 5, and gas collection is respectively performed by combining the external first pipeline 9 and the external second pipeline 10. It should be noted that when the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 is used as the anodeWhen the electrode 6 and the cathode electrode 7 are respectively completed by coating the anode material particles 11 on one surface and the cathode material particles 12 on the other surface of the third metal plate substrate, the third metal plate is made into a multilayer structure, and hydrogen and oxygen runners are respectively formed on the third metal plate for gas collection. Meanwhile, an electrolyte liquid level controller is arranged in the electrolyte supply system 2 and used for controlling the supply amount of the electrolyte and ensuring the reaction.

In a further technical scheme, the device for preparing hydrogen by catalytic electrolysis further comprises a current monitor and a voltage monitor, wherein the current monitor and the voltage monitor are respectively used for detecting and controlling the current and the voltage of the electrolytic reaction, so that the electrolytic reaction is ensured to be carried out in a preset interval, and an alarm can be given and power supply can be stopped when abnormality occurs.

Meanwhile, in the device, the diaphragm 3 needs to be subjected to edge sealing treatment, so that gas cannot flow through the diaphragm, and the periphery of the diaphragm 3 is coated with the composite frame, so that the insulating and airtight diaphragm 3 with the composite frame is formed.

To sum up, the device for preparing hydrogen by catalyzing and electrolyzing water effectively realizes the progress of the water electrolysis hydrogen preparation technology on one hand, introduces the novel bipolar catalytic electrode 4 with the gas separation structure into the hydrogen preparation device, is convenient for realizing gas separation and preparation of high-purity gas, does not use rare noble metals such as platinum, iridium and the like, and uses rare earth alloy instead, thereby not only effectively controlling the cost, but also providing guarantee for rationalization of resources in the whole industry; on the other hand, the bipolar catalytic electrode 4 structure and the rare earth alloy are used, so that the reaction resistance impedance and the electrochemical impedance are effectively reduced, and the reaction efficiency is improved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.