1. The preparation method of the copper-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, weighing Cu-10Ni alloy powder and B₄C powder and zirconia balls, putting Cu-10Ni alloy powder and 0.04-0.12 wt% of vacuum pump oil into a mixing bottle of a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer, mixing for 1-1.5h, and adding B₄Continuously mixing the powder C and the zirconia balls for 2-3h, wherein the vibration frequency of the powder mixer is 30-60Hz during mixing to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, placing the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, and performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B;

3, putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 2 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank body C;

and 4, sintering the blank C obtained in the step 3 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain the copper-based composite material.

2. The method for preparing a copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein Ni and B in the Cu-10Ni alloy powder in the step 1 are mixed with B₄The mass fraction ratio of C is 8.5:0.9-1.1, the particle diameter of Cu-10Ni powder is 100-₄The particle size of the C powder is 0.5-1 μm.

3. The method for preparing a copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the Cu-10Ni alloy powder and B in the step 1₄The mass ratio of the C powder to the zirconia balls is 1: 1-3.

4. The method for preparing a copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the zirconia balls in the step 1 comprise large balls and small balls, the ratio of the large balls to the small balls is 2-4:1, the diameter of the large balls is 9-11 μm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 μm.

5. The preparation method of the copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein 1-3% by mass of absolute ethanol is added into a ball milling tank before ball milling in the step 2, and argon is filled as a protective gas; the mass ratio of the mixed powder A to the zirconia balls is 4-5:1, the mass ratio of the big balls to the small balls is 3-4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the ball mill in step 2 is 150-.

7. The method for preparing the copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the graphite mold with the diameter of 20mm is selected as the mold in the step 3, and the uniform pressurization is kept in the pressing process, wherein the pressing pressure is 2-5MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-6 min.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the sintering step in step 4 is 80-100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 30-40MPa, the sintering temperature is 900-.

Background

Copper is the metal which is used by human beings in the earliest history and plays a vital role in the development process of social civilization. Because of its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and good processing property, it has been widely used in the electronic industry, such as lead frame material of integrated circuits, contact material and railway contact line. However, the pure copper has low strength at room temperature and high temperature, and the friction resistance, the corrosion resistance and the like can not meet the requirements of modern industry, so the development and the application of the pure copper are severely restricted by the characteristic.

Compared with copper and copper alloy, the copper-based composite material is a material with novel structural functions and excellent comprehensive performance. The first problem in the current research of high-strength and high-conductivity copper-based composite materials is the contradiction that the conductivity and the strength of the materials are difficult to be considered, namely, the strength is improved at the cost of conductivity loss. Therefore, improving the strength of the copper material while maintaining as good conductivity and workability as possible is an urgent problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a copper-based composite material, which solves the problems of poor strength and poor conductivity of the copper-based composite material in the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the copper-based composite material is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, weighing Cu-10Ni alloy powder and B₄C powder and zirconia balls, putting Cu-10Ni alloy powder and 0.04-0.12 wt% of vacuum pump oil into a mixing bottle of a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer, mixing for 1-1.5h, and adding B₄Continuously mixing the powder C and the zirconia balls for 2-3h, wherein the vibration frequency of the powder mixer is 30-60Hz during mixing to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, placing the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, and performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B;

3, putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 2 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank body C;

and 4, sintering the blank C obtained in the step 3 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain the copper-based composite material.

The invention is also characterized in that:

ni and B in Cu-10Ni alloy powder in step 1₄The mass fraction ratio of C is 8.5:0.9-1.1, the particle diameter of Cu-10Ni powder is 100-₄The particle size of the C powder is 0.5-1 μm.

Cu-10Ni alloy powder and B in step 1₄The mass ratio of the C powder to the zirconia balls is 1: 1-3.

The zirconia ball in the step 1 comprises a big ball and a small ball, the ratio of the big ball to the small ball is 2-4:1, the diameter of the big ball is 9-11 μm, and the diameter of the small ball is 5-6 μm.

Adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction into a ball milling tank before ball milling in the step 2, and filling protective gas argon; the mass ratio of the mixed powder A to the zirconia balls is 4-5:1, the mass ratio of the big balls to the small balls is 3-4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm.

In the step 2, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 150-.

And 3, selecting a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm as the die in the step 3, and uniformly pressurizing in the pressing process, wherein the pressing pressure is 2-5MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-6 min.

In the step 4, the sintering temperature rise speed is 80-100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 30-40MPa, the sintering temperature is 900-.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adds B into Cu-Ni alloy powder₄C, forming Ni with Ni by diffusion into Cu-Ni alloy₂B particles to achieve the purpose of strengthening, and obtaining the Cu-Ni/B₄The hardness of the C-system composite material reaches 120-200HV, the highest conductivity can reach 50-70% IACS, and B is not added₄The highest hardness of the C Cu-Ni alloy can only reach 50-70HV, and the C Cu-Ni alloy is conductiveThe rate is 10-20% IACS; it is obvious that B is added₄Cu-Ni/B of C₄The C system composite material has better hardness and conductivity and more excellent performance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a 1000-fold metallographic structure diagram of a copper-based composite material obtained in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a 1000-fold metallographic structure diagram of a copper-based composite material obtained in example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a 1000-fold metallographic structure diagram of a copper-based composite material obtained in example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a 1000-fold metallographic structure diagram of a copper-based composite material obtained in example 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a 1000-fold metallographic structure diagram of a copper-based composite material obtained in example 5 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a copper-based composite material, which is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, weighing Cu-10Ni alloy powder and B₄C powder and zirconia balls, Ni and B in Cu-10Ni alloy powder₄The mass fraction ratio of C is 8.5:0.9-1.1, the particle diameter of Cu-10Ni powder is 100-₄Cu-10Ni alloy powder having C powder particle diameter of 0.5 to 1 μm and B₄The mass ratio of the C powder to the zirconia balls is 1:1-3, the zirconia balls comprise big balls and small balls, the ratio of the big balls to the small balls is 2-4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11 mu m, the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mu m, Cu-10Ni alloy powder and 0.04-0.12 wt% of vacuum pump oil are put into a mixing bottle of a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer to be mixed for 1-1.5h, and then B is added₄Continuously mixing the powder C and the zirconia balls for 2-3h, wherein the vibration frequency of the powder mixer is 30-60Hz during mixing to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, placing the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed powder A to the zirconia balls is 4-5:1, the mass ratio of big balls to small balls is 3-4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, the diameter of the small balls is 5-6mm, adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction, filling protective gas argon, carrying out ball milling by using a planetary ball mill, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 150-type and 250r/min, the ball mill adopts an alternate operation mode, rotates forwards for 30min, stops for 10-13min, rotates backwards for 30min, and the ball milling time is 2-5h, so as to obtain mixed powder B;

3, putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 2 into a mold for pressing, wherein the mold is a graphite mold with the diameter of 20mm, and the graphite mold is uniformly pressurized in the pressing process, wherein the pressing pressure is 2-5MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-6min, so that a blank body C is formed;

and 4, sintering the blank C obtained in the step 3 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace, wherein the temperature rise speed of sintering is 80-100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 30-40MPa, the sintering temperature is 900-.

Example 1

A preparation method of a copper-based composite material is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, mixing the original powder

Preparing the required original powder, Cu-10Ni powder with particle size of 150 μm, and B with particle size of 0.5 μm₄C, powder; 33g of Cu-10Ni powder and 0.35g of B powder were weighed out separately₄C, powder and the used zirconia balls, and the weighed powder and the zirconia balls are put for standby; the ratio of balls to materials is 1:3, the ratio of big balls to small balls is 3:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; mixing powder by adopting a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer with the frequency of 50HZ, firstly adding vacuum pump oil with the mass fraction of 0.04-0.12% into Cu-10Ni alloy powder, putting the mixture into a plastic bottle, mixing for 1h, and then putting B₄C powder and ZrO₂Ball mixing for 2h to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, ball milling the mixed powder

Putting the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction, flushing protective gas argon, and then performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, the mass ratio of big balls to small balls is 4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200r/min, the ball mill alternately operates, the ball mill rotates forwards for 30min, stops for 12min, rotates backwards for 30min, and the ball milling time is 3 h;

step 3, press forming

Putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 2 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank C, uniformly pressurizing in the pressing process, selecting a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, and keeping the pressing pressure at 2MPa for 2 min;

step 4, sintering the green body

Sintering the blank C obtained in the step 2 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain a composite material D, wherein the heating speed is 100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 h; placing the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace, inserting a thermocouple, starting vacuumizing after checking no errors, starting a heating program when the vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, immediately closing the program when sintering is finished, cooling the furnace to room temperature, taking out the composite material D obtained by sintering, wherein the diameter of the composite material D is 20mm, the height of the composite material D is 10mm, and then the Cu-Ni/B₄And finishing the preparation of the C system copper-based composite material.

Cu-Ni/B prepared in inventive example 1₄The microstructure of the C-system copper-based composite material is shown in figure 1, and the C-system copper-based composite material comprises a matrix phase, a particle phase distributed in the matrix, a bulk phase densely grown at the powder boundary and a black phase distributed at the edge of the bulk phase. Ni and B in the material₄The ratio of C is 8.95: 0.9; Cu-Ni/B measured by Archimedes drainage method₄C, calculating the density of the composite material of the system; measuring the conductivity by using a digital eddy current metal conductivity meter of a model Sigma 2008B, wherein the surface of a sample needs to be ground flat before testing, and the surface of the sample is required to be smooth and the size of the sample is required to be uniform; the Vickers hardness was measured using an electric Brookfield hardness tester model HBRV-187.5, the indenter for Vickers hardness being a regular rectangular pyramidThe test force of the diamond indenter was 30 kg.N, and the dwell time was 30 s. Cu-Ni/B prepared by the method of example 1₄The density, the conductivity and the hardness of the C system composite material are measured and calculated, and the density is 98.04%, the conductivity is 57.47% IACS, and the hardness is 181.69 Hv.

Example 2

A preparation method of a copper-based composite material is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, mixing the original powder

Preparing the required original powder, Cu-10Ni powder with particle size of 150 μm, and B with particle size of 0.5 μm₄C, powder; 33g of Cu-10Ni powder and 0.37g of B powder were weighed out separately₄C, powder and the used zirconia balls, and the weighed powder and the zirconia balls are put for standby; the ratio of balls to materials is 1:3, the ratio of big balls to small balls is 3:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; mixing powder by adopting a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer with the frequency of 50HZ, firstly adding vacuum pump oil with the mass fraction of 0.04-0.12% into Cu-10Ni alloy powder, putting the mixture into a plastic bottle, mixing for 1h, and then putting B₄C powder and ZrO₂Ball mixing for 2h to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, ball milling the mixed powder

Putting the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction, flushing protective gas argon, and then performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, the mass ratio of big balls to small balls is 4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200r/min, the ball mill alternately operates, the ball mill rotates forwards for 30min, stops for 12min, rotates backwards for 30min, and the ball milling time is 3 h;

step 3, press forming

Putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 2 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank C, uniformly pressurizing in the pressing process, selecting a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, and keeping the pressing pressure at 2MPa for 2 min;

step 4, sintering the green body

Sintering the blank C obtained in the step 2 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain a composite material D, wherein the heating speed is 100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 h; placing the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace, inserting a thermocouple, starting vacuumizing after checking no errors, starting a heating program when the vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, immediately closing the program when sintering is finished, cooling the furnace to room temperature, taking out the composite material D obtained by sintering, wherein the diameter of the composite material D is 20mm, the height of the composite material D is 10mm, and then the Cu-Ni/B₄And finishing the preparation of the C system copper-based composite material.

Cu-Ni/B prepared in example 2 of the invention₄The microstructure of the C-system copper-based composite material is shown in figure 2, and the composition of the C-system copper-based composite material comprises a matrix phase, a particle phase distributed in the matrix, a bulk phase densely grown at the powder boundary and a black phase distributed at the edge of the bulk phase. Ni and B in the material₄The ratio of C is 8.95: 0.95; Cu-Ni/B measured by Archimedes drainage method₄C, calculating the density of the composite material of the system; measuring the conductivity by using a digital eddy current metal conductivity meter of a model Sigma 2008B, wherein the surface of a sample needs to be ground flat before testing, and the surface of the sample is required to be smooth and the size of the sample is required to be uniform; the Vickers hardness was measured using an electric Brookfield hardness tester of type HBRV-187.5, the indenter for Vickers hardness being a diamond indenter of a regular quadrangular pyramid shape, the test force being 30 kg.N, and the holding pressure time being 30 s. Cu-Ni/B prepared by the method of example 2₄The density, the conductivity and the hardness of the C system composite material are measured and calculated, and the density is 98.04%, the conductivity is 58.96% IACS, and the hardness is 189.49 Hv.

Example 3

A preparation method of a copper-based composite material is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, mixing the original powder

Preparing the required original powder, Cu-10Ni powder with particle size of 150 μm, and B with particle size of 0.5 μm₄C, powder; 33g of Cu-10Ni powder and 0.39g of B powder were weighed out separately₄C powder, and zirconia balls used thereforPutting the weighed powder and zirconia balls for later use; the ratio of balls to materials is 1:3, the ratio of big balls to small balls is 3:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; and mixing the powder by adopting a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer, wherein the frequency of the three-dimensional vibration powder mixer is 50 HZ. Firstly, adding vacuum pump oil with the mass fraction of 0.04-0.12 percent into Cu-10Ni alloy powder, putting the mixture into a plastic bottle, mixing for 1h, and then adding B₄C powder and ZrO₂Ball mixing for 2h to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, ball milling the mixed powder

Putting the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction, flushing protective gas argon, and then performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, the mass ratio of big balls to small balls is 4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200r/min, the ball mill alternately operates, the ball mill rotates forwards for 30min, stops for 12min, rotates backwards for 30min, and the ball milling time is 3 h;

step 3, press forming

Putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 1 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank C, uniformly pressurizing in the pressing process, selecting a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, and keeping the pressing pressure at 2MPa for 2 min;

step 4, sintering the green body

Sintering the blank obtained in the step 3 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain a composite material D, wherein the heating speed is 100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 h; placing the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace, inserting a thermocouple, starting vacuumizing after checking no errors, starting a heating program when the vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, immediately closing the program when sintering is finished, cooling the furnace to room temperature, taking out the composite material D obtained by sintering, wherein the diameter of the composite material D is 20mm, the height of the composite material D is 10mm, and then the Cu-Ni/B₄And finishing the preparation of the C system copper-based composite material.

Cu-Ni/B prepared in inventive example 3₄The microstructure of the C-system copper-based composite material is shown in fig. 3,the composition of the material comprises a matrix phase, a granular phase distributed in the matrix, a bulk phase densely grown at the powder boundary and a black phase distributed at the edge of the bulk phase. Ni and B in the material₄The ratio of C is 8.95: 1; Cu-Ni/B measured by Archimedes drainage method₄C, calculating the density of the composite material of the system; measuring the conductivity by using a digital eddy current metal conductivity meter of a model Sigma 2008B, wherein the surface of a sample needs to be ground flat before testing, and the surface of the sample is required to be smooth and the size of the sample is required to be uniform; the Vickers hardness was measured using an electric Brookfield hardness tester of type HBRV-187.5, the indenter for Vickers hardness being a diamond indenter of a regular quadrangular pyramid shape, the test force being 30 kg.N, and the holding pressure time being 30 s. Cu-Ni/B prepared by the method of example 3₄The density, the electric conductivity and the hardness of the C system composite material are measured and calculated, and the density is 98.23%, the electric conductivity is 61.87% IACS, and the hardness is 198.27 Hv.

Example 4

A preparation method of a copper-based composite material is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, mixing the original powder

Preparing the required original powder, Cu-10Ni powder with particle size of 150 μm, and B with particle size of 0.5 μm₄C, powder; 33g of Cu-10Ni powder and 0.41g of B powder were weighed out separately₄C, powder and the used zirconia balls, and the weighed powder and the zirconia balls are put for standby; the ratio of balls to materials is 1:3, the ratio of big balls to small balls is 3:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; and mixing the powder by adopting a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer, wherein the frequency of the three-dimensional vibration powder mixer is 50 HZ. Firstly, adding vacuum pump oil with the mass fraction of 0.04-0.12 percent into Cu-10Ni alloy powder, putting the mixture into a plastic bottle, mixing for 1h, and then adding B₄C powder and ZrO₂Ball mixing for 2h to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, ball milling the mixed powder

Putting the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction, flushing protective gas argon, and then performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, the mass ratio of big balls to small balls is 4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200r/min, the ball mill alternately operates, the ball mill rotates forwards for 30min, stops for 12min, rotates backwards for 30min, and the ball milling time is 3 h;

step 3, press forming

Putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 1 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank C, uniformly pressurizing in the pressing process, selecting a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, and keeping the pressing pressure at 2MPa for 2 min;

step 4, sintering the green body

Sintering the blank obtained in the step 3 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain a composite material D, wherein the heating speed is 100 ℃/min, the sintering pressure is 40MPa, the sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 h; placing the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace, inserting a thermocouple, starting vacuumizing after checking no errors, starting a heating program when the vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, immediately closing the program when sintering is finished, cooling the furnace to room temperature, taking out the composite material D obtained by sintering, wherein the diameter of the composite material D is 20mm, the height of the composite material D is 10mm, and then the Cu-Ni/B₄And finishing the preparation of the C system copper-based composite material.

Cu-Ni/B prepared in inventive example 4₄The microstructure of the C-system copper-based composite material is shown in figure 4, and the composition of the C-system copper-based composite material comprises a matrix phase, a particle phase distributed in the matrix, a bulk phase densely grown at the powder boundary and a black phase distributed at the edge of the bulk phase. Ni and B in the material₄The ratio of C is 8.95: 1.05; Cu-Ni/B measured by Archimedes drainage method₄C, calculating the density of the composite material of the system; measuring the conductivity by using a digital eddy current metal conductivity meter of a model Sigma 2008B, wherein the surface of a sample needs to be ground flat before testing, and the surface of the sample is required to be smooth and the size of the sample is required to be uniform; the Vickers hardness was measured using an electric Brookfield hardness tester of type HBRV-187.5, the indenter for Vickers hardness being a diamond indenter of a regular quadrangular pyramid shape, the test force being 30 kg.N, and the holding pressure time being 30 s. Cu-Ni/B prepared by the method of example 4₄Density and conductivity of C system composite materialAnd hardness, and testing and calculating to obtain 98.10% density, 65.39% IACS conductivity and 204.25Hv hardness.

Example 5

A preparation method of a copper-based composite material is implemented according to the following steps:

step 1, mixing the original powder

Preparing the required original powder, Cu-10Ni powder with particle size of 150 μm, and B with particle size of 0.5 μm₄C, powder; 33g of Cu-10Ni powder and 0.43g of B powder were weighed out separately₄C, powder and the used zirconia balls, and the weighed powder and the zirconia balls are put for standby; the ratio of balls to materials is 1:3, the ratio of big balls to small balls is 3:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; and mixing the powder by adopting a three-dimensional vibration powder mixer, wherein the frequency of the three-dimensional vibration powder mixer is 50 HZ. Firstly, adding vacuum pump oil with the mass fraction of 0.04-0.12 percent into Cu-10Ni alloy powder, putting the mixture into a plastic bottle, mixing for 1h, and then adding B₄C powder and ZrO₂Ball mixing for 2h to obtain mixed powder A;

step 2, ball milling the mixed powder

Putting the mixed powder A and zirconia balls obtained in the step 1 into a ball milling tank, adding 1-3% of absolute ethyl alcohol by mass fraction, flushing protective gas argon, and then performing ball milling by using a planetary ball mill to obtain mixed powder B, wherein the ball-material ratio is 4:1, the mass ratio of big balls to small balls is 4:1, the diameter of the big balls is 9-11mm, and the diameter of the small balls is 5-6 mm; the rotating speed of the ball mill is 200r/min, the ball mill alternately operates, the ball mill rotates forwards for 30min, stops for 12min, rotates backwards for 30min, and the ball milling time is 3 h;

step 3, press forming

Putting the mixed powder B obtained in the step 1 into a die for pressing to obtain a blank C, uniformly pressurizing in the pressing process, selecting a graphite die with the diameter of 20mm, and keeping the pressing pressure at 2MPa for 2 min;

step 4, sintering the green body

Sintering the green body C obtained in the step 2 by adopting a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace to obtain a composite material D, wherein the heating speed is 100 ℃/min, and the sintering pressure is 40MPaThe sintering temperature is 950 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 h; placing the graphite mold into a furnace chamber of a vacuum rapid hot-pressing sintering furnace, inserting a thermocouple, starting vacuumizing after checking no errors, starting a heating program when the vacuum degree is less than 10Pa, immediately closing the program when sintering is finished, cooling the furnace to room temperature, taking out the composite material D obtained by sintering, wherein the diameter of the composite material D is 20mm, the height of the composite material D is 10mm, and then the Cu-Ni/B₄And finishing the preparation of the C system copper-based composite material.

Cu-Ni/B prepared in inventive example 5₄The microstructure of the C-system copper-based composite material is shown in FIG. 5, and the composition of the C-system copper-based composite material comprises a matrix phase, a particle phase distributed in the matrix, a bulk phase densely grown at the powder boundary and a black phase distributed at the edge of the bulk phase. Ni and B in the material₄The ratio of C is 8.95: 1.1; Cu-Ni/B measured by Archimedes drainage method₄C, calculating the density of the composite material of the system; measuring the conductivity by using a digital eddy current metal conductivity meter of a model Sigma 2008B, wherein the surface of a sample needs to be ground flat before testing, and the surface of the sample is required to be smooth and the size of the sample is required to be uniform; the Vickers hardness was measured using an electric Brookfield hardness tester of type HBRV-187.5, the indenter for Vickers hardness being a diamond indenter of a regular quadrangular pyramid shape, the test force being 30 kg.N, and the holding pressure time being 30 s. Cu-Ni/B prepared by the method of example 5₄The density, the conductivity and the hardness of the C system composite material are measured and calculated, and the density is 98.14%, the conductivity is 64.46% IACS and the hardness is 207.36 Hv.