1. The soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by weight:

60-75 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extraction waste, 10-15 parts of pig and cow dung, 5-10 parts of charcoal and 5-10 parts of quick lime.

2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein the waste herbal extracts comprise one or more of yew extract waste, artemisia annua extract waste, and perilla extract waste.

3. The soil conditioner of claim 2, wherein the yew extraction waste is a residual waste of yew extraction of paclitaxel, the artemisia annua extraction waste is a residual waste of artemisia annua extraction of artemisinin, and the perilla extraction waste is a residual waste of perilla extraction of perillaldehyde.

4. The soil conditioner of claim 3, wherein the paclitaxel, artemisinin, and perillaldehyde are extracted from less than 10% of the total content of the paclitaxel, artemisinin, and perillaldehyde in the traditional Chinese medicine.

5. The soil conditioner of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soil conditioner is suitable for use in a lily field soil.

6. A method of preparing a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

(1) preparing materials according to the proportion of 60-75 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extraction waste, 10-15 parts of pig and cow dung, 5-10 parts of charcoal and 5-10 parts of quick lime;

(2) stacking and fermenting the traditional Chinese medicine extraction waste and pig and cow dung;

(3) adding biochar and quicklime, stirring uniformly, and stacking again for fermentation.

7. The method for preparing a soil conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the pile height of the pile fermentation in the step (2) is 2.0-2.5m, the width is 2.0-3.0m, and the length is not less than 4.0 m.

8. The method for preparing a soil conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of the heap fermentation in the step (2) is 55 ℃ to 65 ℃, the moisture is 60%, and the heap is turned over every 3 to 5 days.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the heap fermentation time in step (2) is 40-60 days, and the heap fermentation time in step (3) is 15-30 days.

Background

The medicinal lily root-roll is dry fleshy scaly leaf of Lilium (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.) of Lilium of Liliaceae, has cold nature and flat taste, and has effects of nourishing yin, moistening lung, clearing heart fire and tranquilizing mind. In recent years, the planting area of medicinal lily in Hunan province is increased year by year, the lily industry becomes one of agricultural support industries in Hunan province, but due to continuous year planting, the problems of soil hardening, serious continuous cropping obstacle and the like of a lily field occur, and the yield and the quality of lily are seriously influenced.

The soil conditioner can improve the physical property of soil, increase the air permeability of the soil and promote the growth and development of plants, and is widely applied to the aspects of preventing the soil hardening of crop fields and promoting the healthy growth of plants; the problem of how to fully utilize resources such as crop straws and plant extraction waste to improve field soil and fertilize soil without polluting the environment is faced by modern agricultural production. Cellulose, particularly lignin, in crop straws is difficult to decompose, so that the utilization and popularization of the cellulose are influenced; in recent decades, although researchers at home and abroad research some physical and chemical straw utilization methods, the problems of insufficient utilization, high cost and the like exist.

Yew (Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin), also known as yew, is a tree of Taxus genus of Taxaceae family, and is produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Anhui and Jiangxi. The root, stem and leaf of Taxus chinensis can be used as medicine, and can be used for treating dysuria, eliminating swelling and pain, and treating diabetes, female menoxenia, and blood increase. Taxol extracted from Taxus chinensis is the main anti-tumor active component of many enterprise products, and has remarkable curative effects on various cancers such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, etc. However, the waste treatment of Taxus chinensis after extraction of paclitaxel not only increases the production cost, but also may cause environmental pollution if the treatment is not proper.

Artemisia annua Linn is an annual herb of Artemisia of Compositae of Dicotyledoneae, with stem height of 100-200cm, deep yellow flower, and strong adaptability to habitat and is distributed in China. The artemisia annua is a main raw material for extracting the artemisinin serving as the antimalarial drug, is used for extracting the artemisinin, and has great production demand, in recent years, the planting area in the state of Yongzhou in Hunan is nearly 10 ten thousand mu, but the fertilizer efficiency is not high due to the fact that the waste materials after the artemisia annua is extracted and produced are directly returned to the field, the continuous cropping obstacle of the artemisia annua planting is aggravated, meanwhile, the environment pollution is possibly caused, and the production cost is also increased.

Perilla (L.) Britt.) is an annual herb of the genus Perilla of the family labiatae and is widely cultivated in various parts of china. The perilla contains various bioactive substances such as perillaldehyde, eugenol, threone, perillyl alcohol, limonene, citral, polyphenols and the like, and roots, stems, leaves, calyx and fruits can be used as medicines, and are determined as one of plants which are food and medicines by Ministry of health. In recent years, large pharmaceutical groups develop new, special and Chinese traditional medicines such as Zisu capsule, Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid, etc. by using perilla in large quantities. The utilization of waste materials after the extraction and production of the perilla is always a difficult problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the crop straw cellulose is difficult to decompose and is fully utilized in the soil conditioner, overcomes the defects and shortcomings in the background technology, and provides the soil conditioner which has no residue, no environmental pollution, obvious regulation and control effect, low production cost and is prepared by taking the waste of the traditional Chinese medicine extract as a main component and the preparation method thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the soil conditioner is prepared by fermenting and decomposing the following raw material components in parts by weight:

60-75 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extraction waste, 10-15 parts of pig and cow dung, 5-10 parts of charcoal and 5-10 parts of quick lime.

The soil conditioner is prepared by adding pig (cattle) manure, biochar and quicklime into plant dregs after traditional Chinese medicinal materials are extracted as main components, has good yield-increasing and quality-improving effects, and does not pollute the environment.

The pig and cattle manure contains a large amount of beneficial saprophytic bacteria, and the saprophytic bacteria can decompose a large amount of undigested organic substances contained in the pig and cattle manure into small molecular substances through stack retting fermentation treatment, and can be absorbed and utilized by crops; based on the method, the pig and cattle manure is used as a microbial inoculum of the soil conditioner, the saprophytic bacteria of the pig and cattle manure are utilized to ferment and decompose the Chinese medicine extraction waste, cellulose and lignin in the Chinese medicine extraction waste are decomposed, and the soil permeability is increased.

Biochar (Biochar) is a product of a biomass energy raw material subjected to thermal cracking in a high-temperature low-oxygen environment, is generally porous carbon processed from organic wastes such as animal wastes, animal bones, plant roots and stems, wood chips, wheat straws and the like, and mainly comprises carbon molecules. In view of the characteristics of high carbon content and porosity, the biochar is used as a carbon source of the soil conditioner, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted, the soil microorganism protection, water storage and culture capacity of the soil conditioner is improved, and the effect of increasing the yield is achieved.

The quick lime is also called as burnt lime, generally, natural rock is calcined at high temperature, the main component is calcium oxide (CaO), the CaO reacts with water to release a large amount of heat, the slaking is commonly called as slaking, the slaked lime is alkaline and can adjust the pH value, meanwhile, the heat is released in the slaking process to kill part of pathogenic microorganisms.

Preferably, the Chinese medicine extraction waste comprises one or more of Chinese yew extraction waste, artemisia annua extraction waste and perilla extraction waste.

The extraction waste materials of the taxus chinensis, the artemisia annua, the perilla frutescens and the like all belong to plant source preparations, and the common point is that the extraction waste materials all contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin, and the cellulose and the lignin are very helpful for increasing the soil permeability after being treated, so that the volume weight of the soil can be remarkably reduced, namely the physical and chemical properties and the permeability of the soil are improved, the extraction waste materials are suitable for the soil with serious hardening, and the yield and the quality of the lily can be remarkably improved. And the three traditional Chinese medicines of the taxus chinensis, the artemisia annua and the perilla frutescens are widely applied in the aspect of medicinal extraction, and have high market value.

Preferably, the taxus chinensis extraction waste is residual waste of taxus chinensis extraction paclitaxel, the artemisia annua extraction waste is residual waste of artemisia annua extraction artemisinin, and the perilla frutescens extraction waste is residual waste of perilla frutescens extraction perillaldehyde.

Preferably, the components extracted from the paclitaxel, the artemisinin and the perillaldehyde are less than 10 percent of the total content of the components in the traditional Chinese medicine.

The extraction waste materials of the taxus chinensis, the artemisia annua, the perilla frutescens and the like are the residual parts of the extracted components of the taxol, the artemisinin, the perilla frutescens aldehyde and the like, the total content of the extracted components of the taxol, the artemisinin, the perilla frutescens aldehyde and the like in the traditional Chinese medicine is less than 10 percent in the medicinal process, the essential influence on the soil conditioner is avoided, and the high soil conditioning value can be achieved.

Preferably, the soil conditioner is suitable for lily field soil.

The soil conditioner mainly comprises the extract waste and the pig and cow dung which are fermented and decomposed fully without deep application, and the root systems of the lilies are generally distributed in the soil of 20 cm.

Under the same technical idea, the invention also provides a preparation method of the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing materials according to the proportion of 60-75 parts of traditional Chinese medicine extraction waste, 10-15 parts of pig and cow dung, 5-10 parts of charcoal and 5-10 parts of quick lime;

(2) stacking and fermenting the traditional Chinese medicine extraction waste and pig and cow dung;

(3) adding biochar and quicklime, stirring uniformly, and building a pile again for fermentation;

preferably, the pile height of the pile-building fermentation in the step (2) is 2.0-2.5m, the width is 2.0-3.0m, and the length is more than or equal to 4.0 m.

Preferably, the temperature of the heap fermentation in the step (2) is 55-65 ℃, the water content is 60%, and the heap turning is performed once every 3-5 days.

Preferably, the heap fermentation time in the step (2) is 40-60 days, and the heap fermentation time in the step (3) is 15-30 days.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the extracted waste materials such as the taxus chinensis, the artemisia annua, the perilla frutescens and the like are the residual parts of the extracted components such as the paclitaxel, the artemisinin, the perilla frutescens aldehyde and the like, the extracted components such as the paclitaxel, the artemisinin, the perilla frutescens aldehyde and the like are less than 10%, and the lily field soil conditioner has no essential influence on the lily field soil conditioner, so the lily field soil conditioner adopts the extracted waste materials such as the taxus chinensis, the artemisia annua, the perilla frutescens and the like as main components, changes waste into valuable, greatly reduces the production cost of enterprises, and avoids environmental pollution.

The extracted waste materials of the taxus chinensis, the artemisia annua, the perilla frutescens and the like all belong to plant source preparations, and the common point is that the extracted waste materials all contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin, and the cellulose and the lignin are very helpful for increasing the soil permeability after treatment.

(2) According to the invention, saprophytic bacteria in pig and cow dung are used as strains, and experiments show that a large amount of extraction waste materials such as Chinese yew, artemisia annua, perilla frutescens and the like can be fermented and decomposed, so that the proportion of the extraction waste materials such as Chinese yew, artemisia annua, perilla frutescens and the like is higher.

(3) According to the invention, the biochar is used as a carbon source, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted, and the biochar is an organic substance, so that the soil conditioner has the capabilities of protecting soil microorganisms and storing water and raising, and the effect of increasing the yield is achieved.

(4) The invention uses the quicklime as the bactericide for disinfection and sterilization, and is used for adjusting the pH value, and the quicklime has stronger alkalinity and is suitable for acid soil in the south.

(5) The waste extract and the pig and cattle manure are fully fermented and thoroughly decomposed without deep application, and the root systems of the lilies are generally distributed in the soil of 20 cm.

(6) The invention has wide source of component materials and low cost, and is suitable for batch production.

In conclusion, the soil conditioner provided by the invention adopts the extraction waste materials of taxus chinensis, artemisia annua, perilla frutescens and the like as main components, changes waste into valuable, has low production cost, can effectively increase the soil permeability and soil fertility, and improves the yield and quality of lily; meanwhile, the soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is not added with an inorganic compound, so that the application of other metal chemical agents is reduced, the soil conditioner is low-carbon and environment-friendly, and the soil conditioner has important significance in ecological production and cultivation of lily in the future.

Detailed Description

In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

Example 1:

the soil conditioner is prepared by fermenting and decomposing 70 parts of mixed extraction waste materials of Chinese yew, artemisia annua and perilla frutescens, 15 parts of pig cow dung, 10 parts of biochar and 10 parts of quick lime, wherein the mixed extraction waste materials of the Chinese yew, the artemisia annua and the perilla frutescens are residual waste materials of the Chinese yew for extracting paclitaxel, residual waste materials of the artemisia annua for extracting artemisinin and residual waste materials of the perilla frutescens for extracting perillaldehyde respectively; the content of paclitaxel, artemisinin and perillaldehyde is less than 10% of the total content of the traditional Chinese medicine.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

1. and (5) preparing materials.

Preparing materials according to 70% of taxus chinensis, artemisia annua and perilla extraction waste, 15% of pig and cattle manure, 10% of biochar and 5% of quick lime.

2. And (5) stacking and fermenting.

Stacking and fermenting taxus chinensis, artemisia annua and perilla frutescens extraction waste and pig and cattle manure.

1) Building the volume: too small and too short to be made during pile making can affect fermentation, the height is 2.0-2.5 meters, the width is 2.0-3.0 meters, and the length is more than 4.0 meters (depending on the field and pile turning machinery).

2) Temperature requirements. The temperature should preferably be between 55 ℃ and 65 ℃. The temperature is too low, the temperature is increased by covering, the temperature is too high, and the temperature can be reduced by turning the pile.

3) And (5) water content requirement. The water content should be controlled at about 60%.

4) Time requirements. Generally, the control is about 40-60 days.

5) And (5) turning the pile. Generally requires 3-5 days for turning over the pile/time.

3. And (5) performing secondary fermentation.

Adding biochar and quicklime, stirring uniformly, continuously stacking and fermenting, controlling the time within 15-30 days generally, and fully decomposing the materials to obtain the soil conditioner.

In order to examine the field yield increasing effect of the soil conditioner of the present invention, the following tests were performed.

1. And (3) experimental design: test apparatus (blank control), charcoal (positive control, 150kg/666.7 m)²) Soil conditioner (150 kg/666.7m in the invention)²) The total number of the treatment is 3, and the total number of the treatment is 9.

2. Test site: the test sites are respectively arranged in Shuanglongcun base at the office of the stone lamb street in Longshan county in Hunan province, and the lily planting field is a field block.

3. The test varieties are: lilium brownii.

4. Administration period and method

Administration was divided into 2 portions. The first press is 125kg/666.7m²When the lily is planted, the lily is applied together with a base fertilizer; pressing 125kg/666.7m for the second time²In the seedling stage of lily, the fertilizer is applied together with additional fertilizer.

5. Observation and record

Measuring the agronomic characters and chlorophyll of the plant field 15 days before harvest; yield was measured at harvest time.

6. Test results

The test result shows that the soil conditioner can obviously promote the growth of lily, the data are shown in table 1, meanwhile, the soil conditioner can obviously improve the soil permeability and increase the yield of lily, and the data are shown in table 2.

TABLE 1 influence of different soil conditioners on the agronomic performance of lilies (cm, pieces)

Table 1 shows that the agronomic performance indexes of lily such as plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem thickness and the like treated by applying the soil conditioner are all higher than those of a control, which shows that the soil conditioner can promote the growth and development of lily.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on lily chlorophyll, soil bulk weight and yield

Table 2 shows that the lily chlorophyll treated by the soil conditioner has higher yield than a control, and the volume weight of the control soil is higher than that of the soil conditioner treated by the soil conditioner, which shows that the soil conditioner can obviously loosen the soil of a lily field, improve the soil permeability and improve the chlorophyll content and yield of lily plants.