1. A underwater special-shaped component comprises a special-shaped shell and a solid buoyancy material filling layer, and is characterized in that: the solid buoyancy material filling layer is obtained by pouring a resin pouring material into the shell of the special-shaped component fully paved with the composite hollow spheres and the microbeads and then heating and curing the resin pouring material.

2. The method for preparing the underwater special-shaped component of claim 1 comprises the following specific steps:

(1) uniformly bonding and fixing at least one layer of composite hollow spheres on the inner surface of the special-shaped shell;

(2) continuously paving microbeads on the basis of the step (1), and uniformly dispersing the microbeads in the gaps of the composite hollow spheres by using a mechanical vibration mode;

(3) pouring the resin pouring material into the special-shaped shell fully paved with the composite hollow spheres and the microbeads;

(4) heating and curing the special-shaped shell in the step (3) under vacuum;

(5) and (4) carrying out post-treatment on the cured special-shaped shell to obtain the prepared special-shaped component for underwater use.

3. Method for producing a profiled element for underwater use according to claim 2, characterized in that: the composite hollow sphere is any one of resin, fiber powder and aerogel-coated polystyrene composite hollow spheres, and the average diameter of the composite hollow sphere is 4-15 mm.

4. Method for producing a profiled element for underwater use according to claim 2, characterized in that: the micro-beads are one or more of hollow glass micro-beads, hollow silicon dioxide micro-beads, hollow ceramic micro-beads, phenolic resin hollow micro-beads and carbon hollow micro-beads.

5. Method for producing a profiled element for underwater use according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (3), the slurry is directly injected by pressurization or is injected by using a flow guide net for drainage.

6. Method for producing a profiled element for underwater use according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (3), the resin potting material is composed of a resin: curing agent: accelerator (b): diluent agent: coupling agents were as follows 100: (2-50): (0-2): (0-5): (0.5-2) in mass ratio.

7. Method for producing a profiled element for underwater use according to claim 6, characterized in that: the resin is one or more of an epoxy resin system, a phenolic resin system, an unsaturated resin system and other resins with a bonding effect; the curing agent is one or more of curing agents matched with the resin, and comprises methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide and 593 curing agents; the accelerator is one or more of accelerators matched with the resin, and comprises one or more of 2,4, 6-tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol and cobalt accelerators; the diluent is one or more of diluents matched with the resin, and comprises one or more of allyl glycidyl ether AGE501, n-butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and dodecyl glycidyl ether; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent.

8. Method for producing a profiled element for underwater use according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (4), the curing is performed at 50-90 ℃ for 3-8 hours and then at 100-140 ℃ for 3-8 hours.

Background art:

the solid buoyancy material is a high-performance composite material with low density, high strength, low water absorption and high buoyancy, is an indispensable basic material for modern marine oil, natural gas and deep diving technologies, can provide buoyancy for a platform device on the water surface, provides heat preservation and buoyancy for underwater pipelines, and plays an important role in improving the effective load of a submersible vehicle, reducing the external dimension of the submersible vehicle and improving the underwater motion performance of the submersible vehicle. Therefore, the high-strength solid buoyancy material is widely applied to the marine field in both military and civil fields.

When the solid buoyancy material is applied to the deep sea field, the solid buoyancy material is generally used for preparing a standard block, then the buoyancy block with the standard size is bonded and formed, and then the preformed standard block is machined or spliced according to a specific model shape to prepare a product with a certain shape. The method for preparing the pre-formed standard block and then machining the pre-formed standard block has certain universality because the manufacturing process of the standard block is not limited by a mould. However, the mechanical properties of the product prepared by the standard block through the bonding molding method are inferior to those of the product prepared by the integral molding method, and a large amount of solid buoyancy materials are often changed into waste materials due to the fact that the standard block is cut into different shapes in the machining process, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is increased.

The invention content is as follows:

the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an underwater special-shaped component and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of high manufacturing cost and poor mechanical property of the product caused by a machining method because a special-shaped product component is formed in the using process of the existing solid buoyancy material, so that the manufacturing cost is reduced and the mechanical property is improved.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

the underwater special-shaped component comprises a special-shaped shell and a solid buoyancy material filling layer, wherein the solid buoyancy material filling layer is obtained by pouring resin pouring materials into the special-shaped component shell which is fully paved with composite hollow spheres and microbeads and then heating and curing the resin pouring materials.

The preparation method of the underwater special-shaped component comprises the following specific steps:

(1) uniformly bonding and fixing at least one layer of composite hollow spheres on the inner surface of the special-shaped shell;

(2) continuously paving microbeads on the basis of the step (1), and uniformly dispersing the microbeads in the gaps of the composite hollow spheres by using a mechanical vibration mode;

(3) pouring the resin pouring material into the special-shaped shell fully paved with the composite hollow spheres and the microbeads;

(4) heating and curing the special-shaped shell in the step (3) under vacuum;

(5) and (4) carrying out post-treatment on the cured special-shaped shell to obtain the prepared special-shaped component for underwater use.

Preferably, the composite hollow ball is any one of resin, fiber powder and aerogel-coated polystyrene composite hollow balls, and the average diameter of the composite hollow ball is 4-15 mm;

preferably, the micro-beads are one or more of hollow glass microspheres, hollow silica microspheres, hollow ceramic microspheres, phenolic resin hollow microspheres and carbon hollow microspheres.

Preferably, in the step (3), the slurry is directly injected by pressurization or is injected by using a drainage net for drainage.

Preferably, in step (3), the resin potting material is formed of a resin: curing agent: accelerator (b): diluent agent: coupling agents were as follows 100: (2-50): (0-2): (0-5): (0.5-2) in mass ratio.

Preferably, the resin is one or more of an epoxy resin system, a phenolic resin system, an unsaturated resin system and other resins with a bonding effect; the curing agent is one or more of curing agents matched with the resin, and comprises methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide and 593 curing agents; the accelerator is one or more of accelerators matched with the resin, and comprises one or more of 2,4, 6-tri (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol and cobalt accelerators; the diluent is one or more of diluents matched with the resin, and comprises one or more of allyl glycidyl ether AGE501, n-butyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and dodecyl glycidyl ether; the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent or a titanate coupling agent.

Preferably, in the step (4), the curing is performed at 50-90 ℃ for 3-8 hours and then at 100-140 ℃ for 3-8 hours.

The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:

according to the invention, the composite hollow ball is fixed on the inner surface of the special-shaped shell, and then the hollow microspheres are uniformly dispersed on the inner surface of the whole special-shaped shell, so that the layering phenomenon caused by different densities of the two microspheres in vibration dispersion can be avoided.

Meanwhile, when a layer of glass fiber reinforced plastic plate is laid in the molding of the special-shaped component, a component product with a smooth and flat surface can be manufactured, and the preparation process is optimized.

The invention adopts an integral forming mode, greatly simplifies the manufacturing process of the special-shaped component, and makes full use of raw materials, thereby greatly reducing the whole manufacturing cost.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to specific examples:

example 1

The underwater special-shaped component comprises a special-shaped shell and a solid buoyancy material filling layer, wherein the solid buoyancy material filling layer is obtained by pouring resin pouring materials into the special-shaped component shell which is fully paved with composite hollow spheres and microbeads and then heating and curing the resin pouring materials.

The preparation method of the underwater special-shaped component comprises the following specific steps:

(1) uniformly bonding and fixing the composite hollow spheres on the inner surface of the special-shaped shell;

(2) continuously paving microbeads on the basis of the step (1), and uniformly dispersing the microbeads in the gaps of the composite hollow spheres by using a mechanical vibration mode;

(3) pouring the resin pouring material into the special-shaped shell fully paved with the composite hollow spheres and the microbeads;

(4) heating and curing the special-shaped shell in the step (3) under vacuum;

(5) and polishing the cured special-shaped shell, and then obtaining the prepared special-shaped component for underwater use.

In the step (1), the composite hollow spheres are resin-coated polystyrene composite hollow spheres, and the average diameter of the composite hollow spheres is 10 mm.

In the step (3), the slurry is poured by directly pumping the slurry under the pressurization.

In the step (3), the resin potting material is prepared from a resin: curing agent: diluent agent: coupling agent: according to the following steps of 100: 50: 2: 1, and the weight ratio is prepared.

Wherein, the resin is an epoxy resin system, the curing agent 593 is a curing agent, the diluent is allyl glycidyl ether, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent, and the microspheres are hollow glass microspheres.

In the step (4), the heating curing is performed by curing at 80 ℃ for 2 hours and at 100 ℃ for 5 hours.

In the step (5), the density of the prepared underwater special-shaped component is 0.38g/cm, the water absorption rate is 5MPa in hydrostatic pressure, and the water absorption rate is less than 1.0% in 10h in pressurizing.

Example 2

The difference from example 1 is that:

in the step (1), after the special-shaped shell is bonded with a layer of composite hollow sphere, a layer of the composite hollow sphere is continuously and uniformly laid on the surface of the composite hollow sphere.

The composite hollow sphere is a polystyrene composite hollow sphere coated by fiber powder, the diameter of the first layer of composite hollow sphere is 6mm, and the diameter of the second layer of composite hollow sphere is 12 mm.

In the step (2), after the micro beads are dispersed, the glass fiber reinforced plastic plate does not need to be laid.

In the step (3), the slurry is poured in a drainage mode of a flow guide net, and the flow guide net is flatly laid in the mould in multiple sections so as to accelerate the drainage speed.

In the step (3), the resin potting material is prepared from a resin: coupling agents were as follows 100: 1, and the weight ratio is prepared.

Wherein, the resin is a phenolic resin system, the coupling agent is a titanate coupling agent, and the micro-beads are hollow silicon dioxide micro-spheres.

In the step (4), the heating curing is performed by firstly curing at 50 ℃ for 4 hours and then curing at 120 ℃ for 3 hours.

In the step (5), the density of the prepared underwater special-shaped component is 0.36g/cm, the water absorption rate is 5MPa in hydrostatic pressure, and the water absorption rate is less than 1.0% in 10h in pressurizing.

Example 3

The difference from example 1 is that:

in the step (1), after the special-shaped shell is bonded with a layer of composite hollow sphere, two layers of the composite hollow sphere are sequentially and continuously laid on the surface of the composite hollow sphere.

The composite hollow spheres are aerogel-coated polystyrene composite hollow spheres, the diameter of the first layer of composite hollow spheres is 4mm, the diameter of the second layer of composite hollow spheres is 8mm, and the diameter of the third layer of composite hollow spheres is 10 mm.

In the step (3), the resin potting material is prepared from a resin: curing agent: accelerator (b): coupling agents were as follows 100: 2: 0.5: 1.5 in mass ratio.

Wherein, the resin is an unsaturated resin system, the curing agent is methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, the accelerator is a cobalt system accelerator, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent, and the microspheres are hollow ceramic microspheres.

In the step (4), the heating curing is performed by firstly curing at 80 ℃ for 4 hours and then curing at 110 ℃ for 6 hours.

In the step (5), the density of the prepared underwater special-shaped component is 0.40g/cm, the water absorption rate is 5MPa in hydrostatic pressure, and the water absorption rate is less than 1.0% in 10h in pressurizing.

Example 4

The difference from example 1 is that:

the composite hollow ball is a polystyrene composite hollow ball coated by fiber powder, and the diameter of the composite hollow ball is 15 mm.

In the step (3), the slurry is poured in a drainage mode of a flow guide net, and the flow guide net is flatly laid in the mould in multiple sections so as to accelerate the drainage speed.

In the step (3), the resin potting material is prepared from a resin: curing agent: the diluent is mixed according to the ratio of 100: 55: 4 in a mass ratio.

Wherein, the resin is an epoxy resin system, the curing agent is methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride, the diluent is allyl glycidyl ether, and the micro-beads are phenolic resin hollow micro-spheres.

In the step (4), the heating curing is performed by curing at 90 ℃ for 3 hours and then at 130 ℃ for 2 hours.

In the step (5), the density of the prepared underwater special-shaped component is 0.38g/cm, the water absorption rate is 5MPa in hydrostatic pressure, and the water absorption rate is less than 1.0% in 10h in pressurizing.

Example 5

The difference from example 2 is that:

the composite hollow ball is a polystyrene composite hollow ball coated by resin, and the diameter of the polystyrene composite hollow ball is 6 mm.

In the step (3), the resin potting material is prepared from a resin: curing agent: accelerator (b): coupling agents were as follows 100: 1.5: 0.5: 3 in a mass ratio.

Wherein, the resin is an unsaturated resin system, the curing agent is cyclohexanone peroxide, the coupling agent is a silane coupling agent, and the microbeads are carbon hollow microspheres.

In the step (4), the heating curing is performed by firstly curing at 50 ℃ for 6 hours and then curing at 100 ℃ for 6 hours.

In the step (5), the prepared special-shaped component for underwater is subjected to thin film forming and high-speed grinding at the density of 0.38 g/cm. The water absorption rate is less than 1.0 percent under the hydrostatic pressure of 5Mpa and the pressing time of 10 hours.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.