1. A ventricular puncture model is characterized in that: comprises a skull model, a brain model (5) and a thrombus model; the skull is made of a hard material; the skull is divided into an upper skull structure (1) and a lower skull structure (2) from the temporal part; a detachable component is arranged between the upper skull structure (1) and the lower skull structure (2); 2-3cm of holes (3) with the diameter of 1.5cm are respectively arranged at the sides of the midline 1-2cm in front of the coronary suture at the left and right sides of the top of the upper skull structure (1) of the skull; the temples at the left and right sides of the skull are both provided with an opening (4) of 3 cm; the brain model (5) is made of hydrogel; the brain model (5) is arranged in a hollow manner; the brain model (5) comprises a left and right ventricle model and a third ventricle model (7); the third ventricle model (7) is arranged in the left ventricle model and the right ventricle model; the surface of the brain model (5) is provided with a ditch return (6); the choroid plexus is arranged inside the brain model (5); grooves (9) corresponding to the shape of the thrombus model are formed in bilateral temporal regions on the surface of the brain model (5); cerebrospinal fluid is injected into the brain model (5); the thrombus model is made of hydrogel; the brain model (5) is arranged in the skull; the thrombus model is arranged in the groove (9).

2. The ventricular puncture model of claim 1, wherein: the outer surfaces of the left ventricle model and the right ventricle model are both provided with sulci gyrus (6); the depth of the ditch return (6) is 15-50mm, and the width is 1-1.5 mm.

3. The ventricular puncture model of claim 2, wherein: choroid plexus are arranged in ventricles of the left ventricle model, the right ventricle model and the third ventricle model (7); the choroid plexus extends downward from the left and right ventricular centers into the third ventricular model (7).

4. The ventricular puncture model of claim 3, wherein: and an auxiliary fixing device (8) is arranged at the bottom of the third ventricle model (7).

5. The ventricular puncture model of claim 4, wherein: the thrombus model comprises four states, namely a liquid state, a semi-fluid state, a semi-condensed state and a solid state.

6. The ventricular puncture model of claim 5, wherein: the left and right ventricle models (7) are both swollen ventricles; the swollen ventricles are swollen outward by 3-5mm as a whole compared with the normal ventricles.

7. The ventricular puncture model of claim 6, wherein: the tensile strength of the hydrogel is 0.5-5 MPa; shore A hardness is 1.2-1.5 degrees; the puncture force is 0.05-0.15 kN/m.

8. The ventricular puncture model of claim 7, wherein: the hydrogel is a hydrogel compound formed by mixing one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyamine, gelatin, soy protein and carrageenan.

9. The ventricular puncture model of claim 8, wherein: the solute content of the hydrogel composite is 5-25 wt%; the content of protein solute in the solute content accounts for 50-100% of all solute components.

10. The ventricular puncture model of claim 9, wherein: the hydrogel composite further comprises an additive; the additive is one or more of silica gel emulsion, glycerol, talcum powder and nano-alumina; the content of the silica gel emulsion and the glycerol is not higher than 10% of the weight of the final model; the addition amount of the talcum powder and the nano-alumina is not higher than 2%.

Background

Hydrocephalus and cerebral hemorrhage are common neurosurgical diseases. Hydrocephalus can be divided into congenital and acquired hydrocephalus, and neurological dysfunction of a patient is in positive correlation with the severity of the hydrocephalus, so that timely and appropriate treatment mode selection is very important. Early surgery can prevent or alleviate the occurrence of acute hydrocephalus, alleviate secondary brain injury caused by ventricular enlargement and cerebral vasospasm, and protection of brain tissue from secondary injury is of great importance to reduce mortality and disability rate.

Ventricular puncture is an important diagnosis and treatment technology in neurosurgery, and is widely applied in neurosurgery. The conventional brain puncture selects a fixed puncture point, leads the puncture direction to carry out blind puncture by a body surface mark, and has very high requirements on the puncture direction and the puncture depth. The puncturing operation is not skilled or accurate, and is easy to have a lot of risks. At present, the structure is mostly simplified in the ventricle puncture model that the teaching field is current, does not have brain essence and the true form of ventricle, and generally whole is mostly stereoplasm or other soft materials, and the fidelity is not high, and the teaching effect remains to be further promoted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a ventricular puncture model suitable for the teaching field.

The ventricular puncture model comprises a skull model, a brain model and a thrombus model; the skull is made of a hard material; the skull divides from the temple into an upper skull structure and a lower skull structure; a detachable member is arranged between the upper skull structure and the lower skull structure; 2-3cm of holes with the diameter of 1.5cm are respectively arranged at the positions, 1-2cm of the center line, beside the coronal suture at the left and right sides of the top of the upper skull structure of the skull; the temples on the left side and the right side of the skull are provided with 3 x 3cm openings; the brain model is made of hydrogel; the brain model is arranged in a hollow mode; the brain model comprises a left and right ventricle model and a third ventricle model; the third ventricle model is arranged in the left ventricle model and the right ventricle model; the surface of the brain model is provided with a ditch return; the choroid plexus is arranged inside the brain model; grooves corresponding to the shapes of the thrombus models are formed in temporal regions on two sides of the surface of the brain model; cerebrospinal fluid is injected into the brain model; the thrombus model is made of hydrogel; the brain model is arranged in the skull; the thrombus model is arranged in the groove.

Furthermore, according to the ventricular puncture model, sulci-gyrus are arranged on the outer surfaces of the left ventricle model and the right ventricle model; the depth of the ditch is 15-50mm, and the width is 1-1.5 mm.

Furthermore, according to the ventricular puncture model, choroid plexus is arranged in ventricles of the left ventricle model, the right ventricle model and the third ventricle model; the choroid plexus extends downward from the left and right ventricular centers into the third ventricle model.

Furthermore, according to the ventricular puncture model disclosed by the invention, an auxiliary fixing device is arranged at the bottom of the third ventricular model.

Furthermore, the ventricular puncture model comprises four states, namely a liquid state, a semi-fluid state, a semi-condensed state and a solid state.

Furthermore, in the ventricular puncture model, the left and right ventricular models and the third ventricular model are swelling ventricles; the swollen ventricles are swollen outward by 3-5mm as a whole compared with the normal ventricles.

Further, according to the ventricular puncture model disclosed by the invention, the tensile strength of the hydrogel is 0.5-5 MPa; shore A hardness is 1.2-1.5 degrees; the puncture force is 0.05-0.15 kN/m.

Furthermore, according to the ventricular puncture model disclosed by the invention, the hydrogel is a hydrogel compound formed by mixing one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polyamine, gelatin, soybean protein and carrageenan.

Further, according to the ventricular puncture model disclosed by the invention, the solute content of the hydrogel compound is 5-25 wt%; the content of protein solute in the solute content accounts for 50-100% of all solute components.

Further, according to the ventricular puncture model of the present invention, the hydrogel composite further includes an additive; the additive is one or more of silica gel emulsion, glycerol, talcum powder and nano-alumina; the content of the silica gel emulsion and the glycerol is not higher than 10% of the weight of the final model; the addition amount of the talcum powder and the nano-alumina is not higher than 2%.

The ventricular puncture model disclosed by the invention adopts a specific hydrogel material, and the touch feeling is simulated; the brain structure is real, and comprises key brain structures such as a left ventricle, a right ventricle, a third ventricle and the like in an intracranial high pressure state, and important brain features such as a sulci, a choroid plexus and the like are contained; through the design of supplementary fixing device, brain ditch return position, can repeated use in brain puncture operations such as third ventricle fistulization art, cerebral hematoma suction art many times, can promote teaching experiment effect by a wide margin.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view showing a structure of a skull model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a brain model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third ventricle model according to the embodiment of the present invention;

wherein 1-upper skull structure, 2-lower skull structure, 3-hole, 4-opening, 5-brain model, 6-sulcus gyrus, 7-third ventricle model, 8-auxiliary fixing device and 9-groove.

Detailed Description

The ventricular puncture model according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

The ventricular puncture model in the embodiment of the disclosure comprises a skull model, a brain model 5, an auxiliary fixing device 8 and a thrombus model. As shown in fig. 1, the skull divides from the temple into an upper skull structure 1 and a lower skull structure 2; a detachable component is arranged between the upper skull structure 1 and the lower skull structure 2; the brain model 5 is made of hydrogel; the brain model 5 is arranged in a hollow way; the brain model 5 comprises a left and right ventricle model and a third ventricle model 7; the third ventricle model 7 is arranged in the left ventricle model and the right ventricle model; as shown in fig. 2, the surface of the brain model 5 is provided with sulcus loops 6; the choroid plexus is arranged inside the brain model 5; grooves 9 corresponding to the shape of the thrombus model are formed in the bilateral temporal regions on the surface of the brain model 5; cerebrospinal fluid is injected into the brain model 5; the thrombus model is made of hydrogel; the brain model 5 is arranged in the skull; the thrombus model is disposed in the aforementioned recess 9.

In the disclosed example, the skull in the brain puncture model is 3D printed by a hard photosensitive resin material. The skull model is an upper half structure and a lower half structure cut from the temporal part, a detachable component is arranged between the upper skull structure 1 and the lower skull structure 2, and the upper half structure and the lower half structure are connected through a buckle in the embodiment of the disclosure, so that the assembly and the disassembly are realized. 2cm of holes 3 with the diameter of 1.5cm are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the head top of the skull model and beside the center line of 1cm in front of the coronary suture and are used for the operation entrance of the third ventricular ostomy; the temples on the left and right sides of the skull model are respectively provided with an opening 4 of 3cm by 3cm for the operation entrance of cerebral thrombosis suction.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the brain model 5 is made of hydrogel material; the tensile strength of the hydrogel is 0.512 MPa, the Shore hardness is 34 degrees, and the value is measured by a Shore HOO hardness tester. The puncture force was 0.19N. The hydrogel compound is a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin, and the solute content in the hydrogel compound is 10 wt%.

The hydrogel compound also comprises 3 additives, wherein the additives are glycerol, talcum powder, nano-alumina and the like, the content of the glycerol is not higher than 10% of the weight of a final model, and the addition amount of inorganic nano-particles such as the talcum powder, the nano-alumina and the like is not higher than 2%.

In the disclosed embodiment, the left and right ventricles are of a swollen ventricle structure, and the whole body swells outwards by 3mm compared with the normal ventricles. The third ventricle is of a swelling ventricle structure, compared with a normal ventricle structure, the whole brain swells outwards by 4mm, the bottom of the brain is of an open structure, and structures such as bilateral papillary bodies and funnel recesses are not available.

In the disclosed embodiment, the deepest part of the sulcus gyrus 6 on the surface of the brain model 5 is 50mm at the deepest part of 15mm, and the widest part of the narrowest part 1 is 1.5 mm; the groove 9 structure of bilateral temporal region on the surface of the brain is used for placing a thrombus model in a brain thrombus removal operation.

The choroid plexus structure is located in the left and right bilateral ventricles and the third ventricles, extending from the central portion of the lateral ventricles down to the third ventricles.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the auxiliary fixing device 8 is a hard material printing device at the bottom of the third ventricle as shown in fig. 3, on which a sealing film is installed, and is sealed with the bottom of the third ventricle in an interference fit manner, so as to simulate a basement membrane of the third ventricle for a fistulization operation of the third ventricular fistulization.

The thrombus model in the brain puncture model is made of hydrogel material; the thrombus model comprises 4 states, namely liquid, semi-fluid, semi-solidified and solid. In specific application, a proper thrombus model can be selected according to actual requirements and installed in the groove 9.

When the simulation teaching is used or demonstrated, the liquid such as cerebrospinal fluid and the like can be injected into the ventricle through the injector, and a certain ventricular pressure is generated for simulating the intracranial high-pressure state.