1. A municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

establishing an integral construction model according to the 3DGIS technology;

dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model;

establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technology;

acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model;

calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data;

calculating priority information of each construction position in the construction area according to the construction associated data;

and generating a construction process corresponding to each construction area according to the priority information, and overlaying the construction process and associated data to the construction area model.

2. The municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the method for establishing the overall construction model according to the 3DGIS technology comprises the following steps:

acquiring three-dimensional information according to a 3DGIS technology;

the three-dimensional information comprises terrain information and urban building information;

establishing a TIN model according to the topographic information;

establishing a CSG model according to the urban building information;

and combining the TIN model and the CSG model to form the integral construction model.

3. The municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology according to claim 2, wherein the method for dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model comprises the following steps:

acquiring construction team information of municipal engineering;

acquiring construction drawing information;

acquiring construction flow information according to the construction team information and the construction drawing information;

and dividing the construction area according to the construction flow information.

4. The municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology according to claim 3, wherein the method for establishing the specific construction area model according to the BIM technology comprises the following steps: and carrying out segmentation or combination treatment on the model elements in the whole construction model to generate a construction area model.

5. The municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology according to claim 4, wherein the method for acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model comprises the following steps:

acquiring a modular classification list;

classifying the three-dimensional information according to the modular classification list to obtain different types of element model information;

and the element model information in the construction area forms construction information data of the construction area.

6. The municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the construction-related data comprises construction time requirement, schedule time requirement, construction time consumption and construction condition complement time.

7. The municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology according to claim 1, wherein the priority information comprises construction sequence information and construction time information.

8. A municipal engineering construction safety control system based on 3DGIS and BIM technology is characterized by comprising:

the first building module (1) is used for building an integral construction model according to the 3DGIS technology;

the dividing module (2) is used for dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model;

the second establishing module (3) is used for establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technology;

the acquisition module (4) is used for acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model;

the first calculation module (5) is used for calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data;

the second calculation module (6) is used for calculating priority information of each construction position in the construction area according to the construction associated data;

and the superposition module (7) is used for generating a construction process corresponding to each construction area according to the priority information and superposing the construction process and the associated data to the construction area model.

9. An intelligent terminal, comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon computer program instructions capable of being loaded by the processor and performing the method of any of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which can be loaded by a processor and which executes the method according to any of claims 1-7.

Background

3DGIS is a geographic information system which is built on the basis of a three-dimensional data model from data structure to space query to modeling analysis; BIM refers to a model of building information, mainly three-dimensional graphics, that is related to object guidance and architecture.

Before municipal engineering construction, a worker can establish a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a construction project according to a construction drawing and a 3DGIS technology; in the municipal engineering construction process, managers can divide different construction areas, arrange corresponding construction operation in the different construction areas, establish different construction area specific models according to the BIM technology, and embody the details of the construction areas through the model established by the BIM.

With respect to the related art in the above, the inventors found that: when the above-mentioned technology is used for construction, although the 3DGIS and the BIM provide a construction model of the whole project and a model of a specific construction area, the connection between the whole construction model and the specific construction area model cannot be represented through the 3DGIS and the BIM, and since different construction areas can affect each other in the actual construction process, the influence can cause the extension of the construction period, and even can affect the quality of the project.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a municipal engineering construction safety control method and system based on 3DGIS and BIM technologies, and aims to enable engineering to be completed smoothly without the situation of prolonging the construction period.

The application aims to provide a municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technologies.

The above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technology comprises the following steps:

establishing an integral construction model according to the 3DGIS technology;

dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model;

establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technology;

acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model;

calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data;

calculating priority information of each construction position in the construction area according to the construction associated data;

and generating a construction process corresponding to each construction area according to the priority information, and overlaying the construction process and associated data to the construction area model.

By adopting the technical scheme, firstly, a corresponding construction model is established through 3DGIS and BIM, then, corresponding construction information data is obtained according to the construction model, construction associated data of different construction position areas are obtained through calculation according to the construction information data, the construction associated data are construction influence factors among the different construction position areas, then, priority information of different construction positions can be obtained according to the factors, namely which area is constructed first and which area is constructed later, thus, the construction efficiency of a project can be improved, a large amount of construction time is saved, then, a corresponding construction flow is generated according to the priority information, the construction flow and the associated data are superposed on the BIM, the construction flow information and the related influence factor information can be displayed in the BIM, the smooth construction can be ensured by using the method, and the condition that the construction period is prolonged due to the influence of the construction factors among the different construction areas can not occur, by adopting the mode, the construction efficiency of the project can be improved.

The present application may be further configured in a preferred example, that the method for building an overall construction model according to the 3DGIS technology includes:

acquiring three-dimensional information according to a 3DGIS technology;

the three-dimensional information comprises terrain information and urban building information;

establishing a TIN model according to the topographic information;

establishing a CSG model according to the urban building information;

and combining the TIN model and the CSG model to form the integral construction model.

By adopting the technical scheme, the topographic information and the urban building information are respectively collected, the TIN model and the CSG model are respectively and correspondingly established, and the two models are combined to form the whole construction model.

The present application may be further configured in a preferred example, that the method for dividing different construction areas according to the overall construction model includes:

acquiring construction team information of municipal engineering;

acquiring construction drawing information;

acquiring construction flow information according to the construction team information and the construction drawing information;

and dividing the construction area according to the construction flow information.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can carry out regional division to whole construction engineering on the general construction drawing, when municipal works are more complicated, just need many construction teams to carry out work together, at this moment need divide the construction area according to the condition of different construction teams.

In a preferred example, the method for establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technique may further include: and carrying out segmentation or combination treatment on the model elements in the whole construction model to generate a construction area model.

By adopting the technical scheme, a preliminary construction drawing design model is established according to the construction drawing, and then model elements in the construction drawing design model are processed to obtain a construction area model.

In a preferred example, the method for acquiring the construction information data of each construction area in the overall construction model may further include:

acquiring a modular classification list;

classifying the three-dimensional information according to the modular classification list to obtain element model information corresponding to different types;

and all the element model information in the construction area forms construction information data of the construction area.

By adopting the technical scheme, the three-dimensional information is classified to obtain different types of element model information, and then the construction information data can be obtained according to the modeling rule information list.

The application may be further configured in a preferred example that the construction-related data includes construction time requirements, schedule time requirements, construction time consumption and construction condition complement time.

By adopting the technical scheme, the construction associated data are time factors influencing construction, including construction time requirements, schedule time requirements, construction time consumption and construction condition complement time.

The present application may be further configured in a preferred example, that the priority information includes construction sequence information and construction time information.

By adopting the technical scheme, the priority information refers to the construction sequence and the specific construction time of each construction team.

The second purpose of the application is to provide a municipal engineering construction safety control system based on 3DGIS and BIM technology.

The second application object of the present application is achieved by the following technical scheme:

a municipal engineering construction safety control system based on 3DGIS and BIM technology comprises:

the first building module is used for building an integral construction model according to the 3DGIS technology;

the dividing module is used for dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model;

the second establishing module is used for establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technology;

the acquisition module is used for acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model;

the first calculation module is used for calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data;

the second calculation module is used for calculating priority information of each construction position in the construction area according to the construction associated data;

and the superposition module is used for generating a construction process corresponding to each construction area according to the priority information and superposing the construction process and the associated data to the construction area model.

The third purpose of the application is to provide an intelligent terminal.

The third objective of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

an intelligent terminal comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program of the municipal engineering construction safety control method based on the 3DGIS and BIM technology, and the computer program can be loaded and executed by the processor.

It is a fourth object of the present application to provide a computer medium capable of storing a corresponding program.

The fourth application purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program capable of being loaded by a processor and executing any one of the above municipal engineering construction safety control methods based on the 3DGIS and BIM techniques.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

the construction method comprises the steps of modeling a project by adopting 3DGIS and BIM technologies, respectively generating an integral construction model and a specific construction area model, then calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas according to construction information data, namely construction influence factors, obtaining the factors influencing each other among different construction positions, analyzing and calculating according to the factors to obtain priority information of different construction positions, then generating corresponding construction flows according to the priority information, and then overlapping the construction flows and the associated data.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a first establishing module; 2. a dividing module; 3. a second establishing module; 4. an acquisition module; 5. a first calculation module; 6. a second calculation module; 7. and a superposition module.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application and is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications without inventive contribution to the present embodiment as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.

The application provides a municipal works construction safety control system based on 3DGIS and BIM technique, as shown in figure 1, a municipal works construction safety control system based on 3DGIS and BIM technique includes first establishment module 1, divide module 2, second establishment module 3, obtain module 4, first calculation module 5, second calculation module 6 and stack module 7, above-mentioned module all belongs to the inside module of server for the municipal works construction, the function that above-mentioned module realized all uses the server as the execution main part promptly, and demonstrate and operate through intelligent terminal and display device.

The first establishing module 1 is used for establishing an integral construction model according to the 3DGIS technology, and generally using GIS software for modeling; the dividing module 2 is used for dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model; the second establishing module 3 is used for establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technology; the acquisition module 4 is used for acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model; the first calculation module 5 is used for calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data; the second calculation module 6 is used for calculating priority information of each construction position in the construction area according to the construction associated data; and the superposition module 7 is used for generating a construction process corresponding to each construction area according to the priority information and superposing the construction process and the associated data to the construction area model.

When the municipal engineering project is carried out, the system is used for analyzing and calculating to obtain the associated data of different construction position areas, the priority information of different construction positions is obtained through analyzing the associated data, then the construction process corresponding to the construction area, namely the construction sequence and the construction time, is generated according to the priority information, then the construction process and the associated data are stored in the server, and in the construction process, the relevant information can be called through the server, so that the municipal engineering project can be smoothly completed, and the construction efficiency of the municipal engineering is improved.

The embodiment of the application provides a municipal engineering construction safety control method based on 3DGIS and BIM technologies, and the main flow of the method is described as follows.

As shown in fig. 2:

step S101: and establishing an integral construction model according to the 3DGIS technology.

The 3DGIS is a comprehensive research field, and comprises a plurality of technologies such as a computer graphics technology, a three-dimensional visualization technology, a virtual reality technology, a spatial data structure technology, a three-dimensional space interaction and analysis technology and the like, wherein 3D is three-dimensional, and three-dimensional means space, so that the 3DGIS technology naturally also comprises the analysis of the space, namely a GIS space analysis technology, and the three-dimensional geographic space data analysis is a component of the GIS space analysis; the three-dimensional geospatial data analysis comprises the steps of establishing models according to three-dimensional information, wherein the models comprise a body model, a surface model and a mixed model, the TIN model represents a terrain surface, the CSG model represents a city building, the models are all composed of a plurality of model elements, for example, the CSG model can comprise stairs, windows, doors and the like, and the stairs, the windows and the like are the model elements.

Before construction, a construction drawing is scanned and uploaded to a server through terminal equipment, so that the server obtains construction drawing information, the construction drawing used in the application comprises topographic information and urban building information, the server respectively establishes a TIN model and a CSG model according to the construction drawing and through a Grid generation algorithm, the two types of model data are respectively stored in a database, and when the whole construction model is constructed, the server calls corresponding model data from the database, namely a TIN-CSG hybrid construction model, and generates the whole construction model.

The overall construction model can be understood as model data which takes construction drawings as standards and shows the overall overview of the municipal engineering project in a three-dimensional model mode.

Step S102: and dividing different construction areas according to the whole construction model.

The whole construction model needs to be divided after the whole construction model is obtained, the division standards adopted by different municipal engineering projects are different, and the whole construction model is divided from the aspects of functions and construction teams.

The whole construction model can be divided according to different functions, for example, in a municipal engineering project, the project is to repair 'XX road' and pipelines buried under the road surface, so that the topographic information and the building information of the road and the surrounding can be displayed in a construction drawing, and then the whole construction model is constructed according to the construction drawing.

In the integral construction model, four construction areas, namely 'XX road', a pipeline under the road surface, a public facility beside the road and a building beside the road, can be divided according to functions, the public facility beside the road and the building are required to be processed so as to ensure that no passerby passes through the construction process, then the road surface is excavated, the pipeline buried under the road surface is maintained, after the management and maintenance are finished, the road surface is repaired, finally the public facility beside the road is cleaned and arranged, and the building beside the road is blocked by contact.

The four construction areas of the XX road, the pipeline under the road surface, the public facilities beside the road and the buildings beside the road mentioned in the above example can employ different construction teams to carry out construction work in different construction areas; for example, two construction teams exist, one is good at road surface operation, the other is good at maintenance operation, the server obtains the information of the two construction teams, and then the construction flow information is obtained through analysis and calculation by combining the construction drawing information.

The construction flow information refers to a plurality of construction section information obtained according to the capacities of different construction teams and construction drawings, the construction section is composed of a plurality of construction nodes, for example, the pipeline maintenance is a construction node, then the next construction node is the pavement maintenance, the construction flow information represented by the construction sections composed of the two construction nodes is the pavement operation, the construction section can be completed by the construction team who excels in the pavement operation, the next two nodes after the pavement maintenance are respectively the roadside public facility trimming and the roadside building trimming, the construction section composed of the two nodes can be completed by the construction team who excels in the maintenance operation, therefore, the whole construction model can be clearly divided into different construction areas according to the construction flow information, namely, the pavement and the pipeline are one area, the roadside public facility and the building are the other area, by adopting the mode, a large project can be divided into a plurality of small projects, the complexity of municipal engineering construction is reduced, and the construction efficiency of municipal engineering is improved.

Step S103: and establishing a specific construction area model according to the BIM technology.

BIM is a unified and coordinated process from planning, designing, constructing to managing, and is operation software which changes the concept of using standard into corresponding data; ideally, the BIM process uses centralized digital three-dimensional modeling as a core resource, and each building participant plans a data model while allowing other people to modify their rights and data.

After the overall construction model is divided into different construction areas, corresponding construction area models need to be generated for the different construction areas, and the construction area models are generated after model elements in the overall construction model are segmented or combined.

Building a model by using BIM software such as 3D MAX and Revit, and the like, wherein the modeling can be performed on a computer, and a server calls the information of the whole construction model after receiving an instruction transmitted by the computer and displays the whole construction model on a display screen; the method comprises the steps that a worker operates by using a computer, a server receives different instructions and then correspondingly operates an overall construction model, a plurality of rough construction area models can be built by segmenting model elements in the overall construction model, and then the rough construction area models are further enriched in details after the model elements are combined, so that the final construction area model is generated.

Step S104: and acquiring construction information data of each construction area in the whole construction model.

The method for acquiring the construction information data can be acquired by adopting the following specific flow.

Step S201: a modular classification list is obtained.

Step S202: and classifying the three-dimensional information according to the modular classification list to obtain the corresponding different types of element model information.

Firstly, the architecture of the three-dimensional information of the building is arranged according to the prepared BIM model, so that the data can be modularized, for example, the building, the surrounding environment and public facilities of the building are abstracted into classes according to the functional characteristics, and then the large class is subdivided into subclasses or entity objects such as rooms, equipment and the like, so that the server arranges and classifies the three-dimensional data structure of the building according to the construction area model, a modularized classification list is preset in the server, and the modularized classification list can be called when the construction information data of the construction area model needs to be acquired.

Secondly, classifying the three-dimensional information of the construction area model according to the modular classification list to obtain element model information of corresponding types, wherein the element model information can be understood as an entity object in the modular classification list, for example, the construction area model comprises roads, the roads comprise trunks and paths, and the trunks and the paths are the element model information; and all the element model information in the construction area model is the construction information data of the construction area model.

Step S105: and calculating construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data.

And after the construction information data is obtained through calculation, the server calculates construction associated data of different construction position areas in each construction area according to the construction information data of the corresponding construction area.

Different construction positions can be set up according to construction requirements in different construction areas, and generally, a municipal engineering project often needs different construction teams to be constructed, and specific construction projects can be divided according to the field where each construction team excels in, and each construction team is arranged to different construction positions in the construction areas.

Construction associated data of mutual influence among different construction positions can be obtained by calculation according to the different construction positions of each construction team; the construction associated data comprises construction time requirements, schedule time requirements, construction time consumption and construction condition complement time.

The construction time requirement refers to a requirement of a construction area on construction time, for example, the current construction area is located near a residential community, so that in order to avoid disturbing residents, the construction time can be constructed only in the daytime and cannot be constructed at night; for another example, the current position of the construction area has time control requirements on water and electricity, and may be problems of pipeline maintenance, cable maintenance and the like, so that water and electricity are cut off in a certain period of time in the morning or afternoon, thereby delaying the construction time of a construction team and even possibly stopping the construction team.

The progress time requirement refers to the requirement of the construction progress time of the current construction position, and the construction needs to be completed within a long time; the construction time is determined to a certain extent, the construction amount of the current construction position is certain, and the construction time is determined according to the construction amount, for example, the construction amount needs to be constructed for eight hours every day, and the construction time is completed for five days; the schedule time requirement depends not only on the construction time requirement, but also on the construction time consumption.

The construction time consumption refers to the time consumed by a construction team for completing the construction amount of the current construction position, and the progress time is determined under the dual conditions of the construction time consumption and the construction time requirement; the construction time consumption also depends on the construction time requirement, and the construction time under different conditions is determined; the construction time consumption also depends on construction equipment, for example, the construction position A and the construction position B both need the construction equipment C, which construction position uses the construction equipment firstly is determined according to the progress degree of the construction position A and the construction position B on the requirement of the construction equipment C, if the construction position A uses the construction equipment C firstly, the construction position B can only wait for the construction position A to use the construction equipment C, the construction time consumption of the construction position B is increased, and the construction progress time is also increased; for another example, the construction location a and the construction location B both require construction equipment D, but at this time, the construction equipment D in the construction area is damaged and needs to be repaired, or the construction equipment D is not present in the construction area, so that the construction equipment D needs to be transported into the construction area, and this time is the construction condition complementary time.

The construction condition complement time refers to the preparation time of construction equipment, construction teams and other construction conditions required by a construction position; for example, the construction position Q requires a construction team for construction, requires the construction equipment W and the construction equipment E, and according to the actual requirements of the construction team and the construction position, the construction can be started only when the construction equipment W and the construction equipment E are both provided, and the time for transporting the construction equipment W and the construction equipment E is the construction condition complement time.

Construction condition complement time also influences construction time consumption and progress time requirements; according to the construction associated data, the four pieces of construction associated data are mutually influenced, and any condition is changed, so that other conditions are possibly changed.

Step S106: and calculating priority information of each construction position in the construction area according to the construction associated data.

After the construction associated data among different construction positions are obtained through calculation, the priority weights of the different construction positions can be obtained through calculation according to the construction associated data, and the priority information of each construction position can be obtained through calculation according to the difference of the weights; the priority information comprises construction sequence time and construction time information; different construction positions can influence each other, firstly, construction should be preferentially carried out on a construction position with short progress time requirement according to the progress time requirement, for example, the construction position A requires the construction to be completed within three days, the construction position B requires the construction to be completed within five days, and then the construction position A should preferentially carry out the construction; after the requirement of the progress time is determined, calculation needs to be performed according to construction condition complement time, for example, the construction condition complement time of the construction position C is three hours, and the construction position D does not need to complement the construction conditions, so that construction at the construction position D can be started preferentially; secondly, the construction time of different construction positions can be calculated according to the construction time requirement, and then different construction positions are selected according to the different construction times; and finally, judging according to the construction time consumption, for example, the construction difficulty of the construction position F is higher, the construction time consumption is longer, the construction difficulty of the construction position G is lower, the construction time consumption is shorter, and then the construction position G can be preferentially carried out.

After the construction associated data is calculated, construction sequence information and construction time information of each construction position can be obtained; for example, the construction time of the construction position Q is day time, the construction time of the construction position U is night time, the construction position I needs to transport the construction equipment P at the construction position Q for construction after the construction position Q completes half of the construction progress, the construction position O needs to complete construction after the construction position I completes construction, and the like.

Step S107: and generating a construction process corresponding to each construction area according to the priority information, and overlaying the construction process and associated data to the construction area model.

After the construction sequence information and the construction time information are obtained, a construction process of each construction area can be generated, wherein the construction process refers to information such as which construction position the current stage in the construction area should start from and how long the construction needs to be completed; and finally, the construction process and the associated data are superposed to the construction area model, and the server calls the superposed construction area model and displays the superposed construction area model on display equipment, so that a series of information about the construction process and the like can be obtained through the display equipment.

By adopting the method and the process, the project can be smoothly completed, and the condition of prolonging the construction period can not occur.

In order to better execute the program of the method, the application also provides an intelligent terminal which comprises a memory and a processor.

Wherein the memory is operable to store an instruction, a program, code, a set of codes, or a set of instructions. The memory may include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function, and instructions for implementing the above-described municipal construction safety control method based on the 3DGIS and BIM techniques, and the like; the storage data area can store data and the like related to the municipal engineering construction safety control method based on the 3DGIS and the BIM technology.

A processor may include one or more processing cores. The processor executes or executes the instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory, calls data stored in the memory, performs various functions of the present application, and processes the data. The processor may be at least one of an application specific integrated circuit, a digital signal processor, a digital signal processing device, a programmable logic device, a field programmable gate array, a central processing unit, a controller, a microcontroller, and a microprocessor. It is understood that the electronic devices for implementing the above processor functions may be other devices, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited in particular.

The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, for example, comprising: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a usb disk, a removable hard disk, a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and executes the above-described municipal engineering construction safety control method based on the 3DGIS and BIM technologies.

The foregoing description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the invention and is provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the technology. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the disclosure herein is not limited to the particular combination of features described above, but also encompasses other arrangements formed by any combination of the above features or their equivalents without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.