1. A multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch, comprising:

the main motor is used for outputting driving torque and driving the automobile to run;

the output torque of the auxiliary motor can be used for realizing the function of directional distribution of the torque or used for coupling with the main motor to drive the automobile to run;

a left flange;

a right flange;

a left half shaft;

a right half shaft;

a spur gear differential for equally distributing torque transmitted thereto to the left and right half shafts and allowing the left and right half shafts to rotate at different angular velocities;

the main speed reducer is used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the output torque of the main motor and then outputting the output torque;

the auxiliary speed reducer is used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the output torque of the auxiliary motor and then outputting the output torque;

a TV mechanism for converting the torque output by the auxiliary speed reducer into a pair of large and opposite torques which are respectively applied to the left half shaft and the spur gear differential or used as a speed reducing device for further reducing the speed and increasing the torque output by the auxiliary motor;

a first clutch for controlling the power output of the TV mechanism to the left half shaft;

a second clutch, when closed, and the first clutch is open, the TV mechanism acting as a speed reducer;

a third clutch for controlling the power output of said TV mechanism to said spur gear differential;

a fourth clutch for controlling the power output of the TV mechanism to the final drive;

a one-way clutch;

a main housing for accommodating the main reducer, the spur gear differential, and the like, and fixing the main motor;

and the auxiliary shell is arranged on the left side of the main shell, is connected with the main shell through a bolt, is used for accommodating the auxiliary speed reducer, the TV mechanism and the like, and fixes the auxiliary motor.

2. A multi-mode torque directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to claim 1 wherein the main motor, which is a hollow shaft inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, is disposed on one side of the spur gear differential along with the right flange and the right half shaft; the torque generated by the main motor is output through an output shaft of a rotor of the main motor; the right half shaft penetrates out of the center of the main motor in an empty sleeve mode; the auxiliary motor is a hollow shaft inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor and is arranged on the other side of the spur gear differential together with the left flange and the left half shaft; the torque generated by the auxiliary motor is output through an output shaft of a rotor of the auxiliary motor; and the left half shaft penetrates out of the center empty sleeve of the auxiliary motor.

3. A multi-mode torque vectoring electric drive axle using a one-way clutch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said spur gear differential is a compact differential employing cylindrical planetary gears comprising: the left sun wheel is in splined connection with the inner end of the left half shaft; the right sun wheel is in splined connection with the inner end of the right half shaft; the left planet wheel is in external meshing transmission with the left sun wheel; the right planet wheel is in external meshing transmission with the right sun wheel and is in external meshing transmission with the left planet wheel simultaneously; the left planet carrier is used for rotatably supporting the left planet wheel and the right planet wheel; the right planet carrier is used for rotatably supporting the left planet wheel and the right planet wheel; the left planet carrier and the right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins to form a differential shell; and the thrust needle roller bearing is arranged between the left sun gear and the right sun gear.

4. A multi-mode torque vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to claim 1 wherein the final drive body is a single row single stage planetary gear mechanism comprising: the first sun gear is in splined connection with the output shaft of the main motor rotor; a first planet gear externally engaged with the first sun gear; a first ring gear that is internally engaged with the first planetary gear; a first planetary gear shaft for rotatably supporting the first planetary gear; the first left planet carrier is used for rotatably supporting the first planet gear shaft and is fixedly connected with the right planet carrier; a first right carrier for rotatably supporting the first planetary gear shaft and rotatably supported on the main motor housing; the first left planet carrier and the first right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

5. A multi-mode torque directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to claim 1 wherein the secondary speed reducer, the main body of which is a single row single stage planetary gear mechanism, comprises: the fourth sun gear is in splined connection with the output shaft of the auxiliary motor rotor; the fourth gear ring is fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell; the fourth planet gear is simultaneously in meshing transmission with the fourth sun gear and the fourth gear ring; a fourth planetary gear shaft for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear; a fourth left carrier for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear shaft and rotatably supported on the sub motor housing; a fourth right carrier for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear shaft; the fourth left planet carrier and the fourth right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

6. A multi-mode torque vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said TV mechanism, the body of which is an equal-featured double row single pinion planetary gear mechanism and disposed between said secondary reducer and said spur gear differential, comprises: a third sun gear rotatably supported on the left axle shaft by a needle bearing; the third gear ring is fixedly connected with the fourth right planet carrier; the third planet gear is simultaneously meshed with the third sun gear and the third gear ring for transmission; a third planetary gear shaft for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear; a third left carrier for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear shaft; a third right carrier for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear shafts; the second sun gear is rotatably supported on the left half shaft through a needle bearing, is completely consistent with the third sun gear in size parameter and is integrally manufactured into a duplicate gear shaft; the second gear ring is fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell; the second planet wheel is in meshing transmission with the second sun wheel and the second gear ring simultaneously; a second planet gear shaft for rotatably supporting the second planet gear; a second left carrier for rotatably supporting the second planetary gear shafts; a second right carrier for rotatably supporting the second planetary gear shafts; the second left planet carrier and the second right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

7. A multi-mode torque vectoring electric drive axle using a one-way clutch as claimed in claim 1 wherein said left flange is splined to the outer end of said left axle shaft to output the torque of said left axle shaft to the left side wheels of the vehicle; the left end fixing nut is in threaded connection with the left half shaft at the center of the outer side of the left flange, so that the left flange is axially fixed; the right flange is in splined connection with the outer end of the right half shaft and outputs the torque of the right half shaft to the right wheel of the automobile; and the right end fixing nut is arranged at the center of the outer side of the right flange and is in threaded connection with the right half shaft, so that the right flange is axially fixed.

8. A multi-mode torque-directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to claim 1 wherein the first clutch has its driving portion splined to the left half shaft; the driven part of the planetary gear set is fixedly connected with the third left planet carrier; the driving part of the second clutch is fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell; the driven part of the planetary gear is fixedly connected with the third right planet carrier; the driving part of the third clutch is fixedly connected with the second right planet carrier; the driven part is fixedly connected with the left planet carrier; the driving part of the fourth clutch is fixedly connected with the driving part of the third clutch, and the driven part of the fourth clutch is fixedly connected with the first gear ring; and the inner ring of the one-way clutch is in splined connection with the driven part of the fourth clutch, and the outer ring of the one-way clutch is in splined connection with the main shell.

9. A multi-mode torque-directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to claim 1,

the multi-mode torque vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch operates in a primary motor-only drive mode when the first clutch, the second clutch, the third clutch, and the fourth clutch are all in an off state;

when the first clutch and the fourth clutch are in a disconnected state and the second clutch and the third clutch are in a combined state, the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a double-motor torque coupling mode;

when the first clutch and the third clutch are in a disconnected state and the second clutch and the fourth clutch are in a combined state, the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a double-motor rotating speed coupling mode;

when the second clutch and the fourth clutch are in a disconnected state and the first clutch and the third clutch are in a combined state, the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch operates in a torque directional distribution mode;

when the first clutch and the second clutch are in a disconnected state and the third clutch and the fourth clutch are in a combined state, the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a reverse mode.

Background

In recent years, with the development and progress of society, electric vehicles featuring zero fuel consumption, high integration, fast power response, high drivability, and the like have been vigorously developed and gradually received market approval. With the development and popularization of the market, the electric vehicle will be developed toward high-end, high-performance, diversified and personalized directions in the future, and thus the demand for an advanced driving technology capable of improving the performance of the chassis is increasing. And the electric torque directional distribution technology is one of the technologies.

The torque directional distribution (TV) technology is an advanced driving technology in which a driving torque generated by a power source is arbitrarily distributed between left and right wheels, or between a front axle and a rear axle. This technique may be used to transfer the drive torque from the low-speed side wheels (or axles) to the high-speed side wheels (or axles), or from the high-speed side to the low-speed side. Therefore, the technology can overcome the defect that the traditional open differential has no differential speed and no torque difference, improve the control flexibility and the turning maneuverability, balance the road adhesion utilization rate of each tire, increase the stability margin of the vehicle, effectively increase the driving control stability of the vehicle, and distribute the all-wheel driving torque by taking energy conservation as the target according to the difference of control targets.

The technology is currently mainly divided into two categories: one is a torque directional distribution control technique applied to a distributed drive automobile represented by an in-wheel motor drive automobile, which can realize directional distribution of torque among wheels by directly controlling the drive torque of in-wheel motors of the wheels; however, the torque directional distribution control technology is not applied to automobiles in a large scale due to the problems that the power density of a hub motor is low, the unsprung mass is increased and the like at present. The other is the torque-oriented distribution differential (transaxle) applied in centralized drive, which has been applied in some high-end sport cars and high-end SUVs, such as super four-wheel drive system (SH-AWD) of honda, super active yaw control System (SAYC) of mitsubishi, and kinematic differential of audi. However, these torque directional distribution differentials are mainly applied to conventional fuel vehicles, and generally adopt mechanical friction type torque transfer mechanisms such as a multi-plate clutch, etc., resulting in limited system torque transfer capability, low mechanical transmission efficiency, low reliability, complex structure and high cost.

In addition, at present, the power battery technology is not broken through, the transmission efficiency of the electric automobile is improved, the energy loss of the battery is reduced, and the method is an important way for ensuring the endurance mileage of the electric automobile. In order to ensure the dynamic property of the automobile, the traditional single-motor drive axle only can select a high-power motor to meet the power requirement of the extreme working condition, so that the phenomenon that a trolley is pulled by a large horse of the motor is caused, and the utilization rate of the high-efficiency interval of the motor is small. The dual-motor coupling driving technology can greatly improve the utilization rate of the high-efficiency section of the motor by combining various driving modes, so that the automobile can obtain larger driving range on the basis of the original battery capacity.

At present, the application of the drive axle to the electric automobile is rarely reported whether the drive axle is a double-motor coupling drive for efficient drive and energy saving or a torque directional distribution drive axle for improving the vehicle bending maneuverability and the operation stability. Two invention patents, namely a two-motor coupling drive axle with torque directional distribution function (CN106965661A) and a two-motor coupling drive axle with torque directional distribution function (CN106965660A), which are only applied by the applicant in 2017 at present relate to the technical content in the field. On the basis of realizing the function of directional torque distribution, on one hand, the TV control motor can play a role of a power-assisted motor in a torque coupling mode, is coupled with the torque of the main drive motor and drives the automobile to run together; on the other hand, the TV control motor can also play a role of a speed regulating motor in a rotating speed coupling mode, is coupled with the rotating speed of the main driving motor, regulates the rotating speed working interval of the main driving motor, and improves the driving efficiency. However, the technical scheme totally adopts six groups of clutches and seven planet rows, and has the technical implementation problems of complicated structure, large size and low process inheritance such as larger transformation scheme of the existing differential.

The invention aims at the background content and the defects of the prior art, provides a multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using a one-way clutch, which is applied to a centralized drive electric automobile, only adopts four groups of controllable clutches, and can realize five working modes by matching with the use of a mechanical one-way clutch: the system comprises a main motor single driving mode, a double-motor torque coupling mode, a double-motor rotating speed coupling mode, a torque directional distribution mode and a reversing mode. The drive axle not only has the advantages of various working modes and random directional distribution of torque, but also has the technical advantages of good matching degree of the transmission ratio and the torque requirements of each mode, compact and simple structure and good cost manufacturability compared with the prior art. The drive axle can switch different working modes by controlling the four groups of clutches, can effectively improve the operation stability, trafficability, dynamic property and economy of the electric automobile, and has important engineering application value and social significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using a one-way clutch, which is applied to a centralized drive electric automobile, has a compact structure and can realize five working modes: the system comprises a main motor single driving mode, a double-motor torque coupling mode, a double-motor rotating speed coupling mode, a torque directional distribution mode and a reversing mode. The multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch can be switched between five operating modes by controlling the operating states of the four clutches.

Under the independent driving mode of the main motor, only the main motor outputs torque, and the driving device is mainly applied to the working condition that the torque required by automobile driving is smaller so as to improve the load rate of the main motor, enable the main motor to work in a high-efficiency interval and reduce the efficiency loss of the motor.

Under the torque directional distribution mode, the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch can distribute the drive torque output by the electric drive axle at will between the half shafts at two sides, overcomes the defect of 'differential speed is not poor in torque' of the traditional open differential, can effectively improve the operation stability of the automobile, improves the driving pleasure of a driver, and enables the automobile to have better economy and trafficability.

Under the double-motor torque coupling driving mode, the auxiliary motor plays a role of a power-assisted motor, is coupled with the main motor in a torque manner, and drives the automobile to run together, so that the dynamic property of the automobile is improved.

Under the double-motor rotating speed coupling driving mode, the auxiliary motor plays a role of a speed regulating motor, is coupled with the rotating speed of the main motor, and regulates the working interval of the main motor, so that the main motor works in a high-efficiency interval as much as possible, the economical efficiency of the automobile is improved, and the auxiliary motor is mainly applied to working conditions such as high-speed running of the automobile.

Under the mode of backing a car, main motor alone works, reverse output torque, through adjusting the clutch state this moment for the self-locking is arranged to the main reducer planet, and the torque of main motor output does not add the turn-up to directly apply to the differential mechanism casing through the speed reduction, and this also accords with the less operating mode of required drive moment when the car is backed a car and is gone.

In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:

a multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch, comprising:

the main motor is used for outputting driving torque and driving the automobile to run;

the output torque of the auxiliary motor can be used for realizing the function of directional distribution of the torque or used for coupling with the main motor to drive the automobile to run;

a left flange;

a right flange;

a left half shaft;

a right half shaft;

a spur gear differential for equally distributing torque transmitted thereto to the left and right axle shafts; the left half shaft and the right half shaft can rotate at different angular speeds;

the main speed reducer is used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the output torque of the main motor and then outputting the output torque;

the auxiliary speed reducer is used for reducing the speed and increasing the torque of the output torque of the auxiliary motor and then outputting the output torque;

a TV mechanism for converting the torque output by the auxiliary speed reducer into a pair of large and opposite torques which are respectively applied to the left half shaft and the spur gear differential or used as a speed reducing device for further reducing the speed and increasing the torque output by the auxiliary motor;

a first clutch for controlling the power output of the TV mechanism to the left half shaft;

a second clutch, when closed, and the first clutch is open, the TV mechanism acting as a speed reducer;

a third clutch for controlling the power output of said TV mechanism to said spur gear differential;

a fourth clutch for controlling the power output of the TV mechanism to the final drive;

a one-way clutch;

a main housing for accommodating the main reducer, the spur gear differential, and the like, and fixing the main motor;

and the auxiliary shell is arranged on the left side of the main shell, is connected with the main shell through a bolt, is used for accommodating the auxiliary speed reducer, the TV mechanism and the like, and fixes the auxiliary motor.

The main motor is a hollow shaft inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor and is arranged on one side of the spur gear differential together with the right flange and the right half shaft; the torque generated by the main motor is output through an output shaft of a rotor of the main motor; the right half shaft penetrates out of the center hollow sleeve of the main motor.

Preferably, the main motor rotor output shaft and the main motor shell are sealed through a rubber sealing ring.

The auxiliary motor is a hollow shaft inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor and is arranged on the other side of the spur gear differential together with the left flange and the left half shaft; the torque generated by the auxiliary motor is output through an output shaft of a rotor of the auxiliary motor; and the left half shaft penetrates out of the center empty sleeve of the auxiliary motor.

Preferably, the output shaft of the auxiliary motor rotor and the auxiliary motor shell are sealed through a rubber sealing ring.

The spur gear differential is a compact differential employing cylindrical planetary gears, and includes: the left sun wheel is in splined connection with the inner end of the left half shaft; the right sun wheel is in splined connection with the inner end of the right half shaft; the left planet wheel is in external meshing transmission with the left sun wheel; the right planet wheel is in external meshing transmission with the right sun wheel and is in external meshing transmission with the left planet wheel simultaneously; the left planet carrier is used for rotatably supporting the left planet wheel and the right planet wheel; the right planet carrier is used for rotatably supporting the left planet wheel and the right planet wheel; the left planet carrier and the right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins to form a differential shell; and the thrust needle roller bearing is arranged between the left sun gear and the right sun gear.

The main reducer of which the main body is a single-row single-stage planetary gear mechanism, comprises: the first sun gear is in splined connection with the output shaft of the main motor rotor; a first planet gear externally engaged with the first sun gear; a first ring gear that is internally engaged with the first planetary gear; a first planetary gear shaft for rotatably supporting the first planetary gear; the first left planet carrier is used for rotatably supporting the first planet gear shaft and is fixedly connected with the right planet carrier; a first right carrier for rotatably supporting the first planetary gear shaft and rotatably supported on the main motor housing; the first left planet carrier and the first right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

Preferably, the first left planet carrier and the right planet carrier are fixedly connected through a spline.

The main body of the auxiliary speed reducer is a single-row single-stage planetary gear mechanism, which comprises: the fourth sun gear is in splined connection with the output shaft of the auxiliary motor rotor; the fourth gear ring is fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell; the fourth planet gear is simultaneously in meshing transmission with the fourth sun gear and the fourth gear ring; a fourth planetary gear shaft for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear; a fourth left carrier for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear shaft and rotatably supported on the sub motor housing; a fourth right carrier for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear shaft; the fourth left planet carrier and the fourth right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

Preferably, the fourth ring gear is fixedly connected with the sub-housing through a spline.

The TV mechanism, the main body of which is a double-row single-stage planetary gear mechanism with equal characteristic parameters and is arranged between the auxiliary speed reducer and the spur gear differential, comprises: a third sun gear rotatably supported on the left axle shaft by a needle bearing; the third gear ring is fixedly connected with the fourth right planet carrier; the third planet gear is simultaneously meshed with the third sun gear and the third gear ring for transmission; a third planetary gear shaft for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear; a third left carrier for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear shaft; a third right carrier for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear shafts; the second sun gear is rotatably supported on the left half shaft through a needle bearing, is completely consistent with the third sun gear in size parameter and is integrally manufactured into a duplicate gear shaft; the second gear ring is fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell; the second planet wheel is in meshing transmission with the second sun wheel and the second gear ring simultaneously; a second planet gear shaft for rotatably supporting the second planet gear; a second left carrier for rotatably supporting the second planetary gear shafts; a second right carrier for rotatably supporting the second planetary gear shafts; the second left planet carrier and the second right planet carrier are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

Preferably, the third ring gear is connected with the fourth right carrier through a spline.

Preferably, the second sun gear is integrally formed with the third sun gear.

Preferably, the second ring gear is splined to the sub-housing.

The left flange is in splined connection with the outer end of the left half shaft and outputs the torque of the left half shaft to the left wheel of the automobile; and the left end fixing nut is arranged at the center of the outer side of the left flange and is in threaded connection with the left half shaft, so that the left flange is axially fixed.

Preferably, the left flange is sealed with the sub motor housing by a rubber seal ring.

The right flange is in splined connection with the outer end of the right half shaft and outputs the torque of the right half shaft to the right wheel of the automobile; and the right end fixing nut is arranged at the center of the outer side of the right flange and is in threaded connection with the right half shaft, so that the right flange is axially fixed.

Preferably, the right flange is sealed with the sub motor housing by a rubber seal ring.

The driving part of the first clutch is in spline connection with the left half shaft; and the driven part of the planetary gear set is fixedly connected with the third left planet carrier.

Preferably, the first clutch driven portion is integrally formed with the third left carrier.

The driving part of the second clutch is fixedly connected with the auxiliary shell; and the driven part of the planetary gear set is fixedly connected with the third right planet carrier.

Preferably, the second clutch driving part and the auxiliary housing are fixedly connected through a bolt; preferably, the second clutch driven portion is integrally formed with the third right carrier.

The driving part of the third clutch is fixedly connected with the second right planet carrier; the driven part is fixedly connected with the left planet carrier.

Preferably, the third clutch driving part is fixedly connected with the second right planet carrier through a bolt; preferably, the third clutch driven part is formed integrally with the right carrier.

And the driving part of the fourth clutch is fixedly connected with the driving part of the third clutch, and the driven part of the fourth clutch is fixedly connected with the first gear ring.

Preferably, the fourth clutch driving part is integrally formed with the third clutch driving part, and the fourth clutch driven part is spline-connected to the first ring gear.

And the inner ring of the one-way clutch is in splined connection with the driven part of the fourth clutch, and the outer ring of the one-way clutch is in splined connection with the main shell.

A multi-mode torque-directed distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch can achieve five operating modes: the system comprises a main motor single driving mode, a double-motor torque coupling mode, a double-motor rotating speed coupling mode, a torque directional distribution mode and a reversing mode. The multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using the one-way clutch can be switched between five operating modes by controlling the operating state of the clutch. The working principle is as follows:

when the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a main motor independent drive mode, the first clutch, the second clutch, the third clutch and the fourth clutch are all in a disconnected state, the main motor outputs forward torque (the rotation direction of the main motor driving the automobile to move forwards is assumed to be positive at the moment), the inner ring of the one-way clutch has a tendency of rotating reversely relative to the outer ring, and the one-way clutch is locked. In the mode, the torque output by the main motor is transmitted to the outer ring of the spur gear differential after being decelerated and torque-increased by the main speed reducer, and is evenly distributed to left and right half shafts by the spur gear differential, and the auxiliary motor does not participate in transmission. At this time, the torque output by the left half shaft and the right half shaft isWherein, T_lTorque output for the left half-shaft, T_rTorque, k, output for the right half shaft₁Is a characteristic parameter, T, of the main reducer planet row_m1Torque output for the main motor.

When the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a double-motor torque coupling mode, the first clutch and the fourth clutch are in a disconnecting state, and the second clutch and the fourth clutch are in a disconnecting stateThe third clutch is in a combined state, the main motor outputs forward torque at the moment, the inner ring of the one-way clutch has a tendency of rotating in the reverse direction relative to the outer ring, and the one-way clutch is locked; the auxiliary motor outputs reverse torque. In the mode, the torque output by the main motor is transmitted to the outer ring of the spur gear differential after being decelerated and torque-increased by the main speed reducer, the torque output by the auxiliary motor is transmitted to the left planet carrier of the spur gear differential after being decelerated and torque-increased by the auxiliary speed reducer and the TV mechanism, and the torque transmitted to the spur gear differential is evenly distributed to the left half shaft and the right half shaft. At this time, the torque output by the left half shaft and the right half shaft isWherein k is₂For the characteristic parameter of the planet row of the TV mechanism, k₄Is a characteristic parameter of the planetary gear of the secondary reducer, T_m2The torque output for the auxiliary motor.

When the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a double-motor rotating speed coupling mode, the first clutch and the third clutch are in a disconnected state, the second clutch and the fourth clutch are in a combined state, the main motor outputs forward torque, the auxiliary motor outputs reverse torque, the inner ring of the one-way clutch rotates forward relative to the outer ring, and the one-way clutch is separated. In the mode, the torque output by the main motor is transmitted to the first sun gear, the torque output by the auxiliary motor is transmitted to the first gear ring after being decelerated and torque-increased by the auxiliary speed reducer and the TV mechanism, and the main motor and the auxiliary motor are coupled in rotating speed on the main speed reducer planet row. At this time, the torque output by the left half shaft and the right half shaft isThe rotating speeds output by the left half shaft and the right half shaft are as follows: (assuming that the car is running straight on a straight road with the same speed of the left and right wheels)Wherein n is_lIs the rotational speed of the left half shaft, n_rTorque output for the right half shaft, n_m1For the rotational speed, n, of the output of the main motor_m2The rotating speed output by the auxiliary motor.

When the multi-mode torque-directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch operates in a torque-directional distribution mode, the second clutch and the fourth clutch are in a disconnected state, and the first clutch and the third clutch are in a connected state. In the mode, the main motor outputs forward torque, at the moment, the inner ring of the one-way clutch tends to rotate in the reverse direction relative to the outer ring, and the one-way clutch is locked. The torque output by the main motor is transmitted to the outer ring of the spur gear differential after being decelerated and torque-increased by the main speed reducer and is averagely distributed to the left half shaft and the right half shaft; the torque output by the auxiliary motor is subjected to speed reduction and torque increase by the auxiliary speed reducer and then is output by the TV mechanism to be a pair of opposite torques, wherein one torque is directly applied to the left half shaft, the other torque is applied to the spur gear differential and is averagely distributed to the left half shaft and the right half shaft, so that the torque of the half shaft on one side is reduced, and the torque of the half shaft on the other side is increased. The torque output by the left half shaft and the right half shaft at the moment is as follows:the rotating speed relations of the auxiliary motor, the left half shaft and the right half shaft are as follows:

when the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch works in a reverse mode, the first clutch and the second clutch are in a disconnected state, the third clutch and the fourth clutch are in a combined state, the output of the main motor rotates in a reverse direction, the inner ring of the one-way clutch rotates in a forward direction relative to the outer ring, and the one-way clutch is separated. In the mode, the torque output by the main motor is transmitted to the first sun gear, the auxiliary motor does not participate in transmission, the first gear ring is connected with the left planet carrier through the third clutch and the fourth clutch, the first left planet carrier is connected with the outer ring of the spur gear differential, the main speed reducer planet row realizes self-locking, and the torque output by the main motor is directly transmitted to the spur gear differential without speed reduction and torque increase, so that the automobile is driven to run in a reverse mode, and the working condition is consistent with the working condition that the driving torque required by the automobile in the reverse running is small.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch can realize the directional distribution function of the torque of the left wheel and the right wheel on the electric automobile driven in a centralized manner by controlling the output torque of the auxiliary motor, so that the electric automobile driven in the centralized manner has the same excellent dynamic control characteristic as the electric automobile driven in a distributed manner; in addition, compared with the traditional ESP technology, the power loss is avoided, and the dynamic property, the economy, the operation stability, the active safety and the driving pleasure of the automobile can be effectively improved.

2. The multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch can realize five working modes through four clutches, has high integral integration level, compact structure and smaller size, improves the space utilization rate of the chassis of the automobile, and is convenient for the space arrangement of the chassis.

3. The multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch can realize a main motor independent drive mode, a double-motor torque coupling mode and a double-motor rotating speed coupling mode. Under the independent driving mode of the main motor, the main motor drives the automobile to run independently, so that the load rate of the main motor can be effectively improved, the main motor works in a high-efficiency interval, and the economy of the automobile is improved. Under the dual-motor torque coupling mode, the main motor and the auxiliary motor are in torque coupling to drive the automobile to run together, so that the automobile has better acceleration capacity and climbing capacity, and better dynamic property. Under the coupling drive of the rotating speeds of the double motors, the main motor is coupled with the rotating speed of the auxiliary motor, and the auxiliary motor plays a role of a speed regulating motor at the moment, so that the main motor can work in a high-efficiency area as much as possible, the driving efficiency of the main motor is improved, and the automobile has better economy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic torque flow diagram of a multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention in a main motor drive mode alone.

FIG. 4 is a torque flow diagram of the multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention in a dual motor torque coupling mode.

FIG. 5 is a schematic power flow diagram of the multi-mode torque-directed distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention in a dual motor speed coupling mode.

FIG. 6 is a schematic torque flow diagram of the multi-mode torque vectoring electric transaxle of the present invention using a one-way clutch to transfer torque to the left hand wheels in the torque vectoring mode.

FIG. 7 is a schematic torque flow diagram of the multi-mode torque vectoring electric transaxle of the present invention using a one-way clutch to transfer torque to the right hand wheels in the torque vectoring mode.

FIG. 8 is a torque flow diagram of a multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention in a reverse mode.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the turning route of the automobile under three torque distribution schemes when the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch is turned on the right.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the turning path of the automobile under three torque distribution schemes when the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric drive axle using the one-way clutch is turned to the left.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

The following description will explain the embodiments of the multi-mode torque-directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-mode torque-directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch mainly includes a main motor 100, a sub-motor 200, a spur gear differential 600, a left flange 803, a right flange 804, a left half shaft 801, a right half shaft 802, a main reducer 300, a sub-reducer 400, a TV mechanism 500, a first clutch 710, a second clutch 720, a third clutch 730, a fourth clutch 740, a one-way clutch 750, a main housing 905, a sub-housing 904, and the like.

A main motor 100, which is a hollow shaft inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, arranged on the spur gear differential 600 side together with a right flange 804 and the right half shaft 802; the torque generated by the main motor 100 is output through the main motor rotor output shaft 103; the right half shaft 802 penetrates out of a central hole of the main motor rotor output shaft 103 in an empty sleeve mode; the output shaft 103 of the main motor rotor is sealed with the main motor shell 101 through a third rubber sealing ring 809.

The auxiliary motor 200 is a hollow shaft inner rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, and is arranged on the other side of the spur gear differential 600 together with a left flange 803 and a left half shaft 801; the torque generated by the auxiliary motor 200 is output through an auxiliary motor rotor output shaft 203; the left half shaft 801 passes through a central hole of the auxiliary motor rotor output shaft 203 in an empty sleeve way; the secondary motor rotor output shaft 203 and the secondary motor shell 201 are sealed through a second rubber sealing ring 808.

Spur gear differential 600 is a compact differential employing cylindrical planetary gears, and includes: a left sun gear 601 spline-connected to an inner end of the left axle shaft 801; a right sun gear 602 splined to the inner end of the right half shaft 802; a left planetary gear 603 externally engaged with the left sun gear 601 for transmission; the right planet wheel 604 is in external meshing transmission with the right sun wheel 602 and is also in external meshing transmission with the left planet wheel 603; a left carrier 605 for rotatably supporting the left planetary gear 603 and the right planetary gear 604; a right carrier 606 for rotatably supporting the left and right planetary gears 603 and 604; the left planet carrier 605 and the right planet carrier 606 are fixedly connected into a whole through pins to form a differential case; a thrust needle bearing 608 is installed between the left sun gear 601 and the right sun gear 602 to reduce frictional resistance therebetween.

The main reducer 300, the main body of which is a single row single stage planetary gear mechanism, includes: a first sun gear 301 spline-connected to the main motor rotor output shaft 103; a first planetary gear 302 externally engaged with the first sun gear 301; a first ring gear 303 that is internally meshed with the first planetary gear 302; a first planet shaft 304 for rotatably supporting the first planet 302; a first left carrier 305 for rotatably supporting the first planetary gear shaft 304; in a preferred embodiment, the first left carrier 305 is fixedly connected with the right carrier 606 of the spur gear differential 600 by splines; a first right carrier 306 for rotatably supporting the first planetary gear shaft 304 and rotatably supported on the main motor case 101 with a bearing; the first left carrier 305 and the first right carrier 306 are fixedly connected into a whole by pins.

The sub-reducer 400, the main body of which is a single row single stage planetary gear mechanism, includes: a fourth sun gear 401 spline-connected to the sub motor rotor output shaft 203; the fourth gear ring 403 is fixedly connected with the rectangular spline of the auxiliary shell 904; a fourth planetary gear 402 that is in meshing engagement with the fourth sun gear 401 and the fourth ring gear 403; a fourth planetary gear shaft 404 for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear 402; a fourth left carrier 405 for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear shaft 404 and rotatably supported on the sub motor housing 201 with a bearing; a fourth right carrier 406 for rotatably supporting the fourth planetary gear shaft 404; the fourth left planet carrier 405 and the fourth right planet carrier 406 are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

The TV mechanism 500, the main body of which is a double-row single-stage planetary gear mechanism of equal characteristic parameters, and which is disposed between the counter reducer 400 and the spur gear differential 600, includes: a third sun gear 501 having a double gear shaft with two sun gears of equal size, which is rotatably supported on the left half shaft 801 by a first needle bearing 512 and a second needle bearing 513; a third ring gear 503 spline-connected to the fourth right carrier 406; a third planet gear 502 which is simultaneously meshed with the third sun gear 501 and the third ring gear 503 for transmission; a third planetary gear shaft 504 for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear 502; a third left carrier 505 for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear shafts 504; a third right carrier 506 for rotatably supporting the third planetary gear shafts 504; the third left planet carrier 505 and the third right planet carrier 506 are fixedly connected into a whole by pins; a second sun gear 514, which has the same size parameters as the third sun gear 501 and is made into an integral duplicate gear shaft; a second ring gear 508 spline-fixedly connected to the sub-housing 904; a second planet wheel 507, which is meshed with the second sun wheel 501 and the second gear ring 508 for transmission; a second planetary gear shaft 509 for rotatably supporting the second planetary gear 507; a second left carrier 510 for rotatably supporting second planetary gear shafts 509; a second right carrier 511 for rotatably supporting the second planetary gear shafts 509; the second left planet carrier 510 and the second right planet carrier 511 are fixedly connected into a whole through pins.

The left flange 803 is in splined connection with the outer end of the left half shaft 801 and outputs the torque of the left half shaft 801 to the left wheel of the automobile; a left end fixing nut 805 is in threaded connection with the left half shaft 801 at the center of the outer side of the left flange 803, so that the left flange 803 is axially fixed; the left flange 803 is sealed with the sub-motor housing 201 by a rubber seal ring 807.

The right flange 804 is in splined connection with the outer end of the right half shaft 802 and outputs the torque of the right half shaft 802 to the right wheel of the automobile; a right end fixing nut 806 is in threaded connection with the right half shaft 802 at the center of the outer side of the right flange 804, so that the right flange shaft 804 is fixed axially; the right flange 803 is sealed with the sub-motor housing 101 by a rubber packing 810.

A first clutch 710, the driving part of which is splined to the left half shaft 801; the driven portion of which is made integral with the third left carrier 505.

A second clutch 720, the driving part of which is fixedly connected with the sub-housing 904 through bolts; the driven portion thereof is made integral with the third right carrier 506.

A third clutch 730 having a driving part fixedly connected to the second right carrier 511 by bolts; the driven portion of which is integral with the left carrier 605.

The driving part of the fourth clutch 740 is integrally formed with the driving part of the third clutch, and the driven part of the fourth clutch is a gear drum 741, and the inner wall of the large opening end of the fourth clutch is in splined connection with the first ring gear 303 through machined rectangular spline teeth.

And a one-way clutch 750 disposed on an outer cylindrical surface of the small-end of the gear drum 741, an inner ring of which is spline-connected to the gear drum 741, and an outer ring of which is spline-connected to the main housing 905.

The operation of the multi-mode torque-vectoring distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 3, when the multi-mode torque directional distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch operates in a main motor single drive mode, the first clutch 710, the second clutch 720, the third clutch 730, and the fourth clutch 740 are all in an off state, at this time, the main motor 100 outputs a forward torque (assuming that the rotation direction of the main motor driving the automobile to move forward is a forward direction), the inner ring of the one-way clutch 750 tends to rotate in a reverse direction with respect to the outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way clutch 750 are fixedly connected, so that the first ring gear 303 is fixedly connected with the main housing 905 in a locking manner. In this mode, the torque output from the main motor 100 is reduced and torque-increased by the main reducer 300, transmitted to the spur gear differential case, and equally distributed to the left and right half shafts by the spur gear differential 600, and the sub motor 200 does not participate in transmission and remains stationary. At this time, the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 output torques ofWherein, T_lTorque output for the left half shaft 801, T_rIs the torque, k, output by the right half shaft 802₁Characteristic parameter of the main reducer 300 planet row, T_m1Is the torque output from the main motor 100.

When the multi-mode torque-vectoring electric transaxle using the one-way clutch is operated in the dual motor torque coupling mode, as shown in fig. 4, the first clutch 710 and the fourth clutch 740 are in a disconnected state, and the second clutch is720 and the third clutch 730 are in a combined state, at the moment, the main motor 100 outputs a forward torque, at the moment, the inner ring of the one-way clutch 750 has a tendency of rotating in a reverse direction relative to the outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way clutch 750 are fixedly connected, so that the first gear ring 303 is fixedly connected with the main shell 905 in a locking manner; the sub motor 200 rotates in the reverse direction to output a reverse torque (that is, the output torque and the rotation speed of the sub motor rotor output shaft 203 are opposite to the rotation direction of the main motor 100, and at this time, the sub motor is in a normal electric mode, and the torque is transmitted through the sub speed reducer 400 and the TV mechanism 500 and then converted into a torque in the same direction as the rotation direction of the main motor 100). In this mode, the torque output from the main motor 100 is reduced and torque-increased by the main reducer 300 and then transmitted to the differential case of the spur gear differential 600, and the torque output from the sub motor 200 is reduced and torque-increased by the sub reducer 400 and the TV mechanism 500 and then transmitted to the differential case of the spur gear differential, and finally equally distributed to the left and right half shafts by the spur gear differential 600. At this time, the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 output torques ofWherein k is₂Characteristic parameter, k, common to the TV mechanism 500 planet rows₄Is a characteristic parameter of the planetary row of the secondary reducer 400, T_m2Is the torque output from the sub motor 200.

As shown in fig. 5, when the multi-mode torque-directed distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch operates in a dual motor rotational speed coupling mode, the first clutch 710 and the third clutch 730 are disengaged, the second clutch 720 and the fourth clutch 730 are engaged, the main motor 100 outputs a forward torque, the sub motor 200 rotates in a reverse direction to output a forward torque (i.e., the output torque of the sub motor rotor output shaft 203 is in a direction same as the rotational direction of the main motor 100 and in a direction opposite to the rotational direction, the sub motor is in a power generation mode, the torque is transmitted through the sub reducer 400 and the TV mechanism 500 and then converted into a torque in a direction opposite to the rotational direction of the main motor 100), the inner race of the one-way clutch 750 rotates in a forward direction with respect to the outer race, and the one-way clutch 750 disengages. In this mode, the torque output from the main motor 100 is transmitted to the first sun gear 301, and the torque output from the sub motor 200 is transmitted after being reduced and torque-increased by the sub reduction gear 400 and the TV mechanism 500Delivered to the first ring gear 303, the primary and secondary electric machines are speed coupled on the planetary gear of the final drive 300. At this time, the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 output torques ofThe rotational speeds output by the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 are: (assuming that the car is running straight on a straight road with the same speed of the left and right wheels)Wherein n is_lThe rotational speed of the left half shaft 801, n_rIs the torque output by the right half shaft 802, n_m1Rotational speed, n, output for the main motor 100_m2The rotational speed output for the sub motor 200; therefore, the rotating speed relation shows that the output rotating speed of the auxiliary motor 200 is adjusted, so that the continuous change of the self-adaptive automobile speed can be ensured under the condition that the output rotating speed of the main motor 100 is not changed, and the stepless speed change function is realized.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, when the multi-mode torque-vectoring distribution electric transaxle using the one-way clutch operates in the torque-vectoring distribution mode, the second clutch 720 and the fourth clutch 740 are in a disengaged state, and the first clutch 710 and the third clutch 730 are in an engaged state. In this mode, the main motor 100 outputs a forward torque, and at this time, the inner ring of the one-way clutch 750 rotates in the reverse direction with respect to the outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring are fixed, so that the first ring gear 303 is locked and fixed to the main housing 905. The torque output by the main motor 100 is transmitted to a differential case of the spur gear differential 600 after being decelerated and torque-increased by the main reducer 300, and is evenly distributed to left and right half shafts; the torque output from the sub-motor 300 is reduced and torque-increased by the sub-reduction gear 400, and then a large reverse torque is output from the TV mechanism 500, wherein one torque is directly applied to the left half shaft 801 via the first clutch 710, and the other torque is applied to the differential case of the spur gear differential 600 via the third clutch 730 and is equally distributed to the left and right half shafts again, which causes the torque of one half shaft to be reduced and the torque of the other half shaft to be increased. The torque output by the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 at this time are respectively: the direction of the output torque of the auxiliary motor 200 is controlled, that is, the signs of the torque increment of the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 can be changed, so that the direction of the torque transfer at the left wheel and the right wheel is determined, and the requirement of the lateral transfer of the driving torque during the left turning or the right turning of the automobile is met. The rotation speed relationships of the auxiliary motor 200, the left half shaft 801 and the right half shaft 802 are as follows:

as shown in fig. 8, when the multi-mode torque-directed distribution electric transaxle using a one-way clutch is operated in a reverse mode, the first clutch 710 and the second clutch 720 are in a disengaged state, and the third clutch 730 and the fourth clutch 740 are in an engaged state, and at this time, the primary motor 100 outputs a reverse torque, and the secondary motor 200 does not participate in transmission and is in a stationary state; at this time, the inner race of the one-way clutch 750 rotates in the forward direction with respect to the outer race, and the one-way clutch 750 is disengaged. In this mode, the torque output by the main motor is transmitted to the first sun gear 301, and the first ring gear 303 is connected to the left carrier 605 through the third clutch 730 and the fourth clutch 740, and since the first left carrier 305 and the right carrier 606 are fixedly connected, the first ring gear 303 and the first left carrier 305 are integrally connected, the planetary gear of the main reducer 300 is self-locked, and the torque output by the main motor 100 is directly transmitted to the spur gear differential 600 without speed reduction and torque increase, and is evenly distributed to the left half shaft and the right half shaft, so that the vehicle is driven to run in reverse, which corresponds to a condition that the driving torque required for the vehicle to run in reverse is small although the speed reduction and torque increase effect of the main reducer 300 is not available.

The effect of the torque directional distribution during the steering of the automobile is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings as an embodiment of an application scenario of the torque directional distribution mode.

As shown in fig. 9, when the vehicle turns right, constrained by the turning geometry, the left wheel rotates faster than the right wheel,i.e. (n)_l-n_r) If the rotating speed of the auxiliary motor is more than 0, the rotating speed of the auxiliary motor is positive, and if the auxiliary motor outputs positive torque, the driving torque of the left wheel of the automobile can be increased, the driving torque of the right wheel of the automobile can be reduced, and the driving force F of the left wheel of the automobile can be increased_lIncrease the driving force F of the right wheel of the automobile_rReducing to generate an additional yaw moment M with the same direction as the yaw velocity of the automobile, wherein the moment can increase the yaw of the automobile, so that the controllability and the overbending mobility of the automobile are improved; if the auxiliary motor outputs negative torque at the moment, the driving torque of the left wheel of the automobile can be reduced, the driving torque of the right wheel of the automobile can be increased, and the driving force F of the left wheel of the automobile can be enabled_lReduce the driving force F of the right wheel of the automobile_rThe yaw moment M is increased to generate an additional yaw moment M opposite to the direction of the yaw velocity of the automobile, and the moment can reduce the yaw of the automobile, so that the understeer degree of the automobile is increased, the steering stability of the automobile is ensured, and the active safety is improved; if the auxiliary motor does not work at the moment, the moment generated by the main motor is averagely distributed to the left driving wheel and the right driving wheel, and the automobile turns normally.

Similarly, as shown in FIG. 10, when the vehicle turns left, the rotation speed of the right wheel is higher than that of the left wheel, i.e., (n) due to the geometry of the turn_l-n_r) If the rotating speed of the auxiliary motor is less than 0, the rotating speed of the auxiliary motor is negative at the moment, and if the auxiliary motor outputs negative torque at the moment, the driving torque of the right wheel of the automobile can be increased, the driving torque of the left wheel of the automobile can be reduced, so that the driving force F of the right wheel of the automobile is enabled_rIncrease the driving force F of the left wheel of the automobile_lReducing to generate an additional yaw moment M with the same direction as the yaw velocity of the automobile, wherein the moment can increase the yaw of the automobile, so that the controllability and the overbending mobility of the automobile are improved; if the auxiliary motor outputs positive torque at this time, the driving torque of the right wheel of the automobile can be reduced, the driving torque of the left wheel of the automobile can be increased, and the driving force F of the right wheel of the automobile can be enabled_lReduce the driving force F of the left wheel of the automobile_rThe yaw moment M is increased to generate an additional yaw moment M opposite to the direction of the yaw velocity of the automobile, and the moment can reduce the yaw of the automobile, so that the understeer degree of the automobile is ensured, the steering stability of the automobile is ensured, and the active safety is improved; (ii) a If the auxiliary motor does not work at the moment, the moment generated by the main motor is averagely distributed toThe left and right driving wheels make the automobile turn normally.

As another application scenario embodiment, if the problems that any wheel of the left and right single-side wheels of the automobile slips due to being sunk into a mud pit or driving into a low-adhesion road surface such as ice and snow and the like, and the automobile cannot move forwards and get rid of the difficulty due to the fact that the power of the automobile is lost are solved, the torque directional distribution electric drive axle adopting the double-planet-wheel cylindrical gear differential mechanism can be switched to a torque directional distribution working mode, and the torque of the drive shaft is transferred from the slipping wheel on the low-adhesion side to the non-slipping wheel on the high-adhesion side by controlling the forward or reverse torque output of the auxiliary motor, so that the driving force of the whole automobile is recovered to realize the forward difficulty removal, and the trafficability of the whole automobile is improved.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.