1. A novel smooth blasting method suitable for unevenly broken rock mass is characterized in that;

aiming at the problems that the surface of surrounding rock is uneven and engineering is damaged due to the fact that the traditional linear hole distributing mode of light explosion holes and the same charge structure characteristic in the holes are adopted; according to the spatial relationship between the slide-resistant pile and the final boundary surface, the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock strata, lithology or breaking and exciting cracks or the distribution characteristics of structure strength or damaged space, the linear hole distribution of the designed contour is adjusted, the light explosion holes are distributed on a similar sine curve, and the medicine distribution and charge structural characteristics of the broken degree and the weak degree of rock mass are pointed in the holes, so that the flatness of the light explosion surface is improved;

the specific implementation is as follows:

(1) changing the characteristic that explosives are uniformly distributed on the line of explosion areas or the centers of blast holes or the axial lead of the blast holes, and taking a small value close to the unit consumption or the linear density of the explosives of the engineering body, even gradually changing to be small until the centers or key parts of the engineering body;

(2) changing the hole center line of the light explosion hole close to the side of the slide-resistant pile from a linear type to a similar sine curve, symmetrically arranging the hole center line along the central axis of the engineering body, increasing the hole distance along with the distance from the central axis, firstly decreasing the hole distance and then increasing the hole distance, smoothly butting the part close to the outer contour line with the outer contour line, changing the hole distance into 0.8m → 0.6m → 0.6m → 0.8m, ensuring the maximum coupling coefficient to be 3.5 and ensuring the discontinuity coefficient in the hole to be linearly reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom;

(3) inversely correlating the density, lithology or crushing degree, joint fracture characteristics and development degree of the surrounding rock with the specific charge or linear density value;

(4) changing the explosive charging mode of the explosive in the light explosion hole, and adjusting the centralized explosive charging into the spaced explosive charging;

(5) and combining the equal-interval characteristics of the slide-resistant piles, taking the interval of each slide-resistant pile as the scale of each blasting cycle, taking the midpoint between the piles as the starting point of the blasting cycle, and detonating hole by hole.

Background

Smooth blasting principle: a row of hole distances are reasonably arranged on a designed excavation contour line and are matched with a minimum resistance line, hole center connecting lines are linear light blasting holes, low-density and low-blasting-speed explosives are adopted, the explosive loading amount of each light blasting hole is strictly controlled, a non-coupling and discontinuous explosive loading structure is adopted, and finally, the light blasting holes are detonated with the largest section to generate penetrating cracks on the light blasting hole connecting lines, so that a smooth and smooth excavation surface is formed.

Advantages of conventional smooth blasting:

(1) the construction efficiency of the project is improved, construction cost is reduced, and construction safety is ensured.

(2) After blasting, the range of the outer crack of the excavated contour line is small, the damage to the surrounding rock strength is small, the stability of the side slope is improved, and the engineering cost generated by support is not needed or reduced.

(3) Effectively reduces the amount of collapse caused by blasting concentrated stress, reduces the number of dangerous sections and dangerous rocks, and reduces the occurrence of casualties and accidents

(4) And the influence of blasting vibration on surrounding rocks is weakened due to the isolation of the light blasting layer, and cracks are reduced.

(5) Effectively reducing the slag blasting amount and the over digging amount.

The defects of the conventional smooth blasting:

(1) when the engineering rock is transformed due to natural geological structure, environmental factors or engineering reasons to cause uneven damage, the smooth blasting surface is seriously uneven, the residual half-porosity is lower than 85 percent, even lower than 10 percent, and the smooth blasting effect is poor or has no smooth surface effect.

(2) The light explosion surface is seriously uneven, so that the engineering quantity is increased for flattening the engineering surface.

(3) Even if the engineering surface is flat, the medium is not uniform in thickness and distribution, so that the medium is easy to exuviate or collapse, and the discontinuous surface layer is easy to form stress concentration and is easy to damage.

(4) The light explosion surface is seriously uneven, so that the light explosion surface is not beneficial to supporting and blocking, and the supporting and blocking effect is reduced.

(5) The broken part extends to surrounding rocks or engineering bodies, even destroys engineering, and reduces the self-stability of the engineering or surrounding rocks.

The application range is as follows: the smooth blasting is widely applied to the excavation of side slopes, dam foundations and tunnels of traffic construction, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, mine engineering and geological disasters.

Therefore, by using the traditional linear type hole distribution mode of light blasting, the same explosive distribution characteristics in the holes can cause the uneven surface of the surrounding rock and the serious uneven surface of the damaged engineering, such as the light blasting surface of the side slope outside the slide-resistant pile (see the second picture in detail). By changing the charging mode and simultaneously changing the arrangement line type of the light explosion holes, the influence of smooth blasting on surrounding rock outside the slide-resistant pile is reasonably reduced, the excavated section is smooth and flat, and the method has great significance.

Disclosure of Invention

Accordingly, in order to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages, the present invention provides a novel method of smooth blasting suitable for unevenly crushed rock.

The invention is realized in this way, construct a new and different smooth blasting method suitable for the uneven broken rock mass, characterized by that; aiming at the problems that the surface of surrounding rock is uneven and engineering is damaged due to the fact that the hole distribution mode of a traditional linear type light explosion hole is adopted and the distribution characteristics of the same explosive in the hole are the same; according to the spatial relationship between the slide-resistant pile and the final boundary surface, the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock strata, lithology or breaking and exciting cracks or the distribution characteristics of structure strength or damaged space, the linear hole distribution of the designed contour is adjusted, the light explosion holes are distributed on a similar sine curve, and the medicine distribution and charge structural characteristics of the broken degree and the weak degree of rock mass are pointed in the holes, so that the flatness of the light explosion surface is improved;

the specific implementation is as follows:

(1) the characteristics that the explosives are uniformly distributed on the blast area or the hole center connecting line of the blast hole or the axial lead of the blast hole are changed, the unit consumption or the linear density of the explosives close to the engineering body is small, and even the unit consumption or the linear density of the explosives close to the engineering body is gradually reduced to the center or the key part of the engineering body.

(2) The hole center line of the side light explosion hole of the anti-slide pile is changed into a similar sine curve from a linear type (shown in detail in figure 3), the hole center line is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the engineering body, the hole distance is increased along with the distance from the central axis, the hole distance is increased after being reduced, the hole distance is smoothly butted with the outer contour line at the position close to the outer contour line, the hole distance is changed into 0.8m → 0.6m → 0.6m → 0.8m, the maximum coupling coefficient is 3.5, and the discontinuity coefficient in the hole is linearly reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom;

(3) the density, lithology or crushing degree, the distribution characteristics of joint fractures and the development degree of the surrounding rock are inversely related to the specific explosive consumption or linear density value;

(4) changing the explosive charging mode of the explosive in the light explosion hole, and adjusting the centralized explosive charging into the spaced explosive charging;

(5) and combining the equal-interval characteristics of the slide-resistant piles, taking the interval of each slide-resistant pile as the scale of each blasting cycle, taking the midpoint between the piles as the starting point of the blasting cycle, and detonating hole by hole.

The invention has the following advantages: the novel blasting method for the bedding steep slope outside the slide-resistant pile has the following advantages: (1) the damage of each blasting is reduced, the length of the wire is normally and effectively resisted, and the vibration is reduced; (2) the smooth blasting surface formed by smooth blasting is relatively flat, so that the safety and the attractiveness of the retaining structure are improved; (3) the quantity of the blasting slag is reduced, the overbreak is reduced, the stability of the blasted rock mass is better, and the supporting cost is reduced; (4) the direct contact of workers with dangerous rocks is avoided, and the safety and the construction efficiency of the project are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross section of a smooth blasting excavation;

FIG. 2 is a photo-explosive charge configuration;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hole distribution mode of light explosion holes.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a novel smooth blasting method suitable for unevenly broken rock bodies by improving; to using traditional linear type light explosion hole cloth hole mode, downthehole same explosive distribution characteristic can make the uneven problem appear on the country rock surface, damaged engineering. According to the spatial relationship between the slide-resistant pile and the final boundary surface, the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock strata, lithology or fracture and excitation fracture or the distribution characteristics of structure strength or damage space, the linear hole distribution of the designed contour is adjusted, the light explosion holes are distributed on a similar sine curve, and the medicine distribution and charge structural characteristics of the rock mass with the targeted breaking degree and the weak degree in the holes are realized, so that the flatness of the light explosion surface is improved.

The specific embodiment is as follows:

(1) changing the characteristic that explosives are uniformly distributed on a blast area or a blast hole center connecting line or a blast hole axial lead, and taking a small value close to the unit consumption or linear density of the explosives of the engineering body, even gradually changing to be small until the center or key part of the engineering body;

(2) the hole center line of the side light explosion hole of the anti-slide pile is changed into a similar sine curve from a linear type (shown in detail in figure 3), the hole center line is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the engineering body, the hole distance is increased along with the distance from the central axis, the hole distance is increased after being reduced, the hole distance is smoothly butted with the outer contour line at the position close to the outer contour line, the hole distance is changed into 0.8m → 0.6m → 0.6m → 0.8m, the maximum coupling coefficient is 3.5, and the discontinuity coefficient in the hole is linearly reduced from the hole opening to the hole bottom;

(3) the density, lithology or crushing degree, joint fracture characteristics and development degree of the surrounding rock are inversely related to the specific explosive consumption or linear density value;

(4) changing the explosive charging mode of the explosive in the light explosion hole, and adjusting the concentrated explosive charging into the spaced explosive charging (detailed shown in figure 2);

(5) and combining the equal-interval characteristics of the slide-resistant piles, taking the interval of each slide-resistant pile as the scale of each blasting cycle, taking the midpoint between the piles as the starting point of the blasting cycle, and detonating hole by hole.

The novel blasting method for the bedding steep slope outside the slide-resistant pile has the following advantages:

(1) the damage of each blasting is reduced, the length of the wire is normally and effectively resisted, and the vibration is reduced; (2) the smooth blasting surface formed by smooth blasting is relatively flat, so that the safety and the attractiveness of the retaining structure are improved; (3) the quantity of the blasting slag is reduced, the overbreak is reduced, the stability of the blasted rock mass is better, and the supporting cost is reduced; (4) the direct contact of workers with dangerous rocks is avoided, and the safety and the construction efficiency of the project are improved.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.