1. A construction method of an ultra-deep shaft in a limited space is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, determining the position of a preset shaft, and pre-damaging surrounding rocks within the range of the preset shaft through rotary drilling;

s2, excavating a transverse channel at the bottom of the preset vertical shaft position;

s3, drilling a slag leakage hole in the preset vertical shaft, wherein the lower end of the slag leakage hole is communicated with the transverse channel;

s4, excavating a vertical shaft, and conveying muck generated by excavation into the transverse channel through the slag leakage hole until the muck is excavated to the substrate;

and S5, entering the transverse channel through the slag transport vehicle, and transporting the slag soil conveyed into the transverse channel to a designated storage point.

2. The construction method of the confined space ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S3, the slag leaking hole comprises a vertical section positioned at the upper part and an inclined section positioned at the lower side, the vertical section is communicated with the inclined section, the transverse channel is positioned at the side of the preset vertical shaft, and the outlet of the inclined section faces to the transverse channel;

the process of drilling the slag leaking hole in the preset vertical shaft comprises the following steps:

s301, determining the drilling paths of the vertical section and the inclined section of the slag leaking hole, and ensuring that an intersection point exists between the drilling paths of the vertical section and the inclined section;

s301, drilling a vertical section of a slag leaking hole in the upper part of a preset vertical shaft, wherein the vertical section is drilled downwards vertically;

s302, drilling an inclined section of a slag leaking hole into a preset vertical shaft in the transverse channel, wherein the inclined section is drilled upwards in an inclined mode;

and S303, drilling the vertical section and the inclined section to a preset depth to ensure that the vertical section is communicated with the inclined section.

3. The construction method of the limited space ultra-deep shaft according to claim 2, wherein: the drilling aperture of the inclined section is larger than that of the vertical section.

4. The construction method of the limited space ultra-deep shaft according to claim 2, wherein: in step S303, after drilling the vertical section and the inclined section to a preset depth, checking the through state of the vertical section and the inclined end by adopting a plumb line method, fixing a heavy object at the lower end of the plumb line, sequentially lowering the plumb line on the hole wall of the vertical section, marking the vertical line according to the designed length of the vertical section, lowering the heavy object together with the plumb line, and sensing the gravity when the plumb line is lowered, wherein when the vertical section and the inclined section are not inclined, the lowered length of the plumb line exceeds the marked length, otherwise, the marked length is obviously lightened.

5. The construction method of the confined space ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, in the process of shaft excavation, firstly, the rock cutting machine is installed in place, the working face is cut in a horizontal and longitudinal mode, slag blocks generated by crushing through the pneumatic pick are cleaned and thrown into the slag leaking holes, the process is repeated, and downward excavation is carried out layer by layer.

6. The confined space ultra-deep shaft construction method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in step S4, the diameter of the slag block put into the slag leakage hole should not exceed half of the diameter of the slag leakage hole, and the larger slag block needs to be crushed again and put into the slag leakage hole after reaching the requirement of the diameter of the slag block.

7. The confined space ultrasonic shaft construction method of claim 5, wherein: in step S4, during excavation work, when no slag block is put in, the entrance of the slag leaking hole is covered by a steel plate having support property, and warning is given by setting a guardrail.

8. The construction method of the confined space ultra-deep shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, in the process of pre-damaging the surrounding rock by rotary drilling, the holes drilled by the rotary drilling include peripheral holes and intermediate holes, the peripheral holes and the intermediate holes are vertical holes, the peripheral holes are sequentially and tightly arranged along the wall of the preset vertical shaft, the intermediate holes are drilled at intervals in the preset vertical shaft, and all the peripheral holes surround all the intermediate holes.

Background

In the work progress of shaft, the shaft is mucked dregs and mainly adopts the traditional mode that equipments such as portal crane, purlin hoist promote the dregs and follow the earth's surface and slag out again, and this mode needs to load the dregs that the shaft excavation produced to the lifting bucket, and the lifting bucket is promoted to the earth's surface and emptys to the assigned position from the shaft bottom, and the stone in the lifting bucket falls the risk that takes place the merchant easily appears in the handling in-process, and handling process time consuming, and the biggest hoisting weight restriction of hoisting equipment is received to the handling dregs volume.

And more shaft outlets are arranged in urban dense areas, the construction site is limited, the temporary slag piling amount is small, the requirement of high-efficiency construction is increasingly not met, and vehicles for piling and transporting the slag soil have certain influence on traffic and environment. The noise that machinery produced when the earth's surface was mucked is big, influences resident's rest around, does not conform to the requirement of green construction.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects, provides a construction method of a limited-space ultra-deep shaft, aims to solve the problems of slow construction progress, high safety risk of muck lifting, small temporary slag accumulation on the ground and noise disturbing of slag transportation in the construction of the limited-space ultra-deep shaft, improves the production progress, fully utilizes the advantage of the communication between the shaft and a bottom channel, does not need slag transportation from the ground, and saves the ground space.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a construction method of an ultra-deep shaft in a limited space comprises the following steps:

s1, determining the position of a preset shaft, and pre-damaging surrounding rocks within the range of the preset shaft through rotary drilling;

s2, excavating a transverse channel at the bottom of the preset vertical shaft position;

s3, drilling a slag leakage hole in the preset vertical shaft, wherein the lower end of the slag leakage hole is communicated with the transverse channel;

s4, excavating a vertical shaft, and conveying muck generated by excavation into the transverse channel through the slag leakage hole until the muck is excavated to the substrate;

and S5, entering the transverse channel through the slag transport vehicle, and transporting the slag soil conveyed into the transverse channel to a designated storage point.

As a further optimization, in step S3 of the present invention, the slag leakage hole includes a vertical section located at the upper part and an inclined section located at the lower side, the vertical section and the inclined section are communicated, the transverse channel is located at the side of the preset vertical shaft, and the outlet of the inclined section faces the transverse channel;

the process of drilling the slag leaking hole in the preset vertical shaft comprises the following steps:

s301, determining the drilling paths of the vertical section and the inclined section of the slag leaking hole, and ensuring that an intersection point exists between the drilling paths of the vertical section and the inclined section;

s301, drilling a vertical section of a slag leaking hole in the upper part of a preset vertical shaft, wherein the vertical section is drilled downwards vertically;

s302, drilling an inclined section of a slag leaking hole into a preset vertical shaft in the transverse channel, wherein the inclined section is drilled upwards in an inclined mode;

and S303, drilling the vertical section and the inclined section to a preset depth to ensure that the vertical section is communicated with the inclined section.

As a further optimization, the drilling aperture of the inclined section is larger than that of the vertical section.

As a further optimization, in step S303, after drilling the vertical section and the inclined section to a predetermined depth, checking a through state between the vertical section and the inclined end by using a vertical line method, wherein a weight is fixed at a lower end of the vertical line, sequentially lowering the vertical line on a hole wall of the vertical section, marking on the vertical line according to a designed length of the vertical section, lowering the weight together with the vertical line, and sensing a gravity when the vertical line is lowered, wherein when no inclination occurs between the vertical section and the inclined section, a lowering length of the vertical line exceeds a marked length, otherwise, a lightening condition obviously occurs when the marked length is out.

As a further optimization, in the step S4 of the invention, in the process of shaft excavation, the rock cutting machine is firstly installed in place, the working face is cut into blocks in the transverse and longitudinal directions, slag blocks generated by crushing by the pneumatic pick are cleaned and thrown into the slag leaking holes, and the above process is repeated to excavate downwards layer by layer.

For further optimization, in step S4 of the present invention, the block diameter of the slag block put into the slag leakage hole should not exceed half of the diameter of the slag leakage hole, and the larger slag block needs to be crushed for the second time and then put into the slag leakage hole after reaching the block diameter requirement.

As a further optimization, in step S4 of the present invention, when the slag block is not dropped during the excavation work, the entrance of the slag leaking hole is covered by a steel plate with support property, and a warning is given by installing a guardrail.

As a further optimization, in the step S1 of the present invention, in the process of pre-damaging the surrounding rock by rotary drilling, the holes drilled by the rotary drilling include peripheral holes and intermediate holes, the peripheral holes and the intermediate holes are vertical holes, the peripheral holes are sequentially and tightly arranged along the wall of the preset vertical shaft, the intermediate holes are drilled at intervals in the preset vertical shaft, and all the peripheral holes surround all the intermediate holes.

The invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the excavation mode, the integrity of surrounding rock is weakened through rotary drilling, and mechanical cutting and chiseling are combined, so that compared with the traditional mechanical cutting and chiseling excavation mode, the excavation efficiency is greatly improved, a vertical shaft with limited space adopts a rock cutting machine to cooperate with a water drill, a small crusher and an air pick to crush and remove slag, and the operation is flexible;

2. according to the method, the slag leaking hole is drilled, the advantage that the vertical shaft is communicated with the bottom channel is fully utilized, the cut slag soil falls into the transverse channel along the slag leaking hole, power does not need to be set, the slag cleaning efficiency is improved, the lifting amount of the slag soil can be reduced, and the risk that people are injured by falling objects from high altitude caused by lifting the slag soil is eliminated;

3. according to the invention, by optimizing the excavation mode and the muck transportation mode, the adverse effect that the slag cannot be effectively discharged due to narrow construction site and complex external environment is solved, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

figure 1 is a schematic top view of a shaft of the present invention (pre-breach drilling schematic);

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shaft (a slag hole view)

Wherein: 1. presetting a vertical shaft, 2 peripheral holes, 3 middle holes, 4 slag leakage holes, 5 transverse channels, 4-1 vertical sections, 4-2 inclined sections.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and can implement the present invention, but the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the embodiments and the technical features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

It is to be understood that the terms first, second, and the like in the description of the embodiments of the invention are used for distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. The "plurality" in the embodiment of the present invention means two or more.

The term "and/or" in the embodiment of the present invention is only an association relationship describing an associated object, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

The embodiment provides a construction method of an ultra-deep shaft in a limited space, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, construction preparation:

preparation of construction equipment: the main apparatus comprises: rotary drilling rig, guide pipe and excavator;

preparation of construction environment: the in-site greening, pipeline relocation and site leveling work is completed, and the construction conditions of the rotary drilling rig are met;

construction positioning preparation: and releasing the positioning axis, and releasing the detailed pile line according to the construction drawing.

Secondly, construction process:

s1, determining the position of the preset vertical shaft 1, pre-damaging surrounding rocks within the range of the preset vertical shaft 1 through rotary drilling, and secondarily crushing the surrounding rocks by using cutting equipment in the excavation process;

in the process of pre-damaging surrounding rocks by drilling holes through a rotary drilling rig, the holes drilled by the rotary drilling rig comprise peripheral holes 2 and intermediate holes 3, as shown in fig. 1, the peripheral holes 2 and the intermediate holes 3 are drilled in the vertical direction, are uniformly drilled to the base, are backfilled in time to ensure the safety of construction, the peripheral holes 2 are sequentially and tightly arranged along the wall of a preset vertical shaft 1 and are drilled in the preset vertical shaft 1, the intermediate holes are drilled in the preset vertical shaft 1 at intervals, all the peripheral holes 2 surround all the intermediate holes 3, the intermediate holes 3 can weaken the integrity of the surrounding rocks in the shaft and improve the secondary crushing efficiency, and the peripheral holes 2 can effectively avoid underexcavation of the shaft body and improve the stability of rock strata at the periphery of the shaft during excavation, so that the risk of collapse of rock strata of a thin and weak part is avoided;

when the rotary drill is used for drilling, the ground around the hole pile needs to be kept flat, the ground plate of the drill is not suitable to be directly placed on the infirm filling soil so as to avoid uneven settlement, a protective cylinder needs to be arranged for protection and fixation in the operation of drilling and filling the pile, the protective cylinder needs to be 200-400mm higher than the ground surface, and a horizontal ruler or a vertical ball is used for checking to ensure that the steel protective cylinder is vertical.

S2, excavating a transverse channel 5 at the bottom of the position of the preset shaft 1; the transverse channel 5 is excavated to the outer side wall of the preset vertical shaft 1, and cannot be directly excavated to the position right below the vertical shaft, because the surrounding rock of the vertical shaft is weakened in connectivity with the rock stratum on the outer side due to the drilling of the peripheral holes, and the surrounding rock in the vertical shaft is easy to settle in the excavation process;

s3, drilling a slag leakage hole 4 in the preset vertical shaft 1, wherein the lower end of the slag leakage hole 4 is communicated with the transverse channel;

as shown in fig. 2, the transverse channel is located beside the preset vertical shaft 1, the slag leaking hole 4 comprises a vertical section 4-1 located at the upper part and an inclined section 4-2 located at the lower part, the vertical section 4-1 is communicated with the inclined section 4-2, and in order to promote the blanking speed, the drilled aperture of the inclined section 4-2 is larger than that of the vertical section 4-1.

The process of drilling the slag leaking hole 4 in the preset vertical shaft 1 comprises the following steps:

s301, determining a drilling path of a vertical section 4-1 and an inclined section 4-2 of the slag leaking hole 4, and ensuring that an intersection point exists between the drilling paths of the vertical section 4-1 and the inclined section 4-2;

s301, drilling a vertical section 4-1 of a slag leaking hole 4 at the upper part of the preset vertical shaft 1, wherein the vertical section is drilled downwards vertically;

s302, drilling an inclined section 4-2 of a slag leaking hole 4 into a preset vertical shaft 1 in a transverse channel 5, wherein the inclined section 4-2 is drilled upwards in an inclined mode;

and S303, drilling the vertical section 4-1 and the inclined section 4-2 to a preset depth to ensure that the vertical section 4-1 is communicated with the inclined section 4-2.

In order to detect whether the construction of the vertical section 4-1 and the inclined section 4-2 meets the design requirements in the embodiment, namely whether the vertical section 4-1 and the inclined section 4-2 are completely communicated or not, when the vertical section 4-1 and the inclined section 4-2 are deflected, the blanking speed is influenced, a vertical line method is adopted, a heavy object is fixed at the lower end of a vertical line, sequentially lowering vertical lines on the hole wall of the vertical section 4-1, marking on the vertical lines according to the designed length of the vertical section, lowering a heavy object along with the vertical lines, sensing the gravity when the vertical lines are lowered, that is, when the heavy object touches the supporting surface, the downward gravity becomes obviously lighter, when the vertical section 4-1 and the inclined section 4-2 are not inclined, the downward length of the vertical line exceeds the mark length, otherwise, the downward gravity becomes obviously lighter when the mark length is out.

S4, excavating a vertical shaft, and conveying the slag soil generated by excavation into the transverse channel 4 through the slag leaking hole until the preset depth is reached;

in the process of shaft excavation, adopt rock cutting machine cooperation water drill, small-size breaker and pneumatic pick to carry out broken scarfing cinder, earlier put in place rock cutting machine installation, through transversely and vertically cutting the work face by pieces, carry out the clearance through the slag block that the pneumatic pick produced after broken and put into in leaking the sediment downthehole, repeat above-mentioned process, excavate downwards the successive layer. It should be noted that the block diameter of the slag block thrown into the slag leaking hole 4 should not exceed half of the diameter of the slag leaking hole 4, and the larger slag block is thrown into the slag leaking hole 4 after reaching the block diameter requirement after being crushed for the second time, so as to avoid the situation that the slag block is clamped in the slag leaking hole 4.

The inlet and the outlet of the slag leakage hole 4 need to be attended by an installer, communication is kept, and after the slag soil sent into the transverse channel is cleaned by an excavator and loaded, the slag soil is transported to a designated storage point. When the excavation operation, when not putting in the cinder, cover the entry that leaks the cinder hole through the steel sheet that has the support nature to warn through setting up the guardrail, avoid taking place the condition that personnel fall.

And S5, entering the transverse channel through the slag transport vehicle, and transporting the slag soil conveyed into the transverse channel to a designated place.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.