1. The special nutrient solution for soilless culture of melons is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium pyrophosphate, 1-5 parts of urea phosphate, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA copper, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA iron, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA manganese, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA zinc, 0.1-1 part of EDTA calcium, 0.1-1 part of EDTA magnesium, 3-5 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 0.01-0.15 part of betaine, 0.01-0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 0.01-0.5 part of potassium polyaspartate, 0.5-2 parts of potassium phosphite and 49.6-76.22 parts of water.

2. The preparation method of the nutrient solution special for soilless culture of melons as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) heating 1L of purified water in a constant-temperature water bath, and sequentially adding corresponding parts by weight of EDTA copper, EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, boric acid, polypeptide amino acid, betaine, polyglutamic acid and potassium polyaspartate while stirring;

2) stirring for 30-50min, and adding urea, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium phosphite in corresponding weight parts;

3) finally, regulating the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.5 by using urea phosphate; stirring for 30-50min, and standing for 30-60 min.

3. The preparation method of the nutrient solution special for soilless culture of melons according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature for heating the thermostatic water bath in the step (1) is 30-50 ℃.

4. The application of the nutrient solution special for soilless culture of melons as claimed in claim 1, which is used for soilless culture of melon plants.

5. The application of the nutrient solution special for soilless culture of melons according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the melon plant is one of melon, watermelon and cucumber.

6. The application of the nutrient solution special for soilless culture of melons according to claim 4, wherein the nutrient solution is diluted by 300-fold and 1000-fold for use.

Background

The melon crops are deeply loved by consumers due to the rich amino acid and vitamin contents, sufficient moisture and unique flavor. In recent years, the area for planting melons in China is increased year by year and is stably kept in the first place in the world. With the improvement of the living standard and the increase of the consumption capacity of people, the demand for high-quality and safe melons is more and more urgent. Soilless culture technology is taking place in this new situation.

Soilless culture refers to a culture method in which water, grass carbon or forest leaf mold, vermiculite and other media are used as substrates for fixing plants, and the plant roots can directly contact with nutrient solution. The components of the nutrient solution in the soilless culture are easy to control and can be adjusted at any time. Soilless culture is a new technology for crop cultivation developed in recent decades. Crops are not cultivated in soil, but are planted in an aqueous solution (nutrient solution) in which minerals are dissolved; or cultivating the crops in a certain cultivation substrate by using a nutrient solution. The crops can grow normally and obtain high yield as long as certain cultivation equipment and management measures are provided. Since the crops are cultivated by irrigating with nutrient solution instead of using natural soil, the cultivation is called soilless cultivation.

The soilless culture is characterized in that the artificially created root growth environment of the crops replaces the soil environment, the requirements of the crops on the conditions of nutrients, moisture, air and the like can be met, and the conditions are controlled and adjusted to promote the crops to grow better and obtain better nutrition and growth balance in reproductive growth. Therefore, the crops cultivated without soil usually grow well, the yield is high, and the quality is superior.

From the characteristics of the soilless culture, the preparation of the nutrient solution is particularly important to obtain high-quality and high-yield melon products. The nutrient solution products currently available on the market are mostly chemical fertilizers which mainly provide essential mineral nutrients for plants, such as macroelement fertilizers which provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, medium and trace element fertilizers which provide iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, calcium, magnesium and the like, or mixed products of the substances. Although the nutrient substances can provide necessary nutrients for plants, the following disadvantages exist:

1) the fertilizer is accurately applied without aiming at the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the melon crops or aiming at the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the melon crops in different growth periods, deficiency disease can occur if the nutrients are insufficient, otherwise, the nutrients are excessive, the stress can be caused to the plants, and the growth and development of the plants and the high quality and high yield are not facilitated;

2) the traditional fertilizer lacks organic nutrition and only contains mineral elements. Since the soilless culture leaves the soil organic biosphere, unlike the existence of abundant microbial population in soil, the organic micromolecule nutrient substance decomposed by the microbes is seriously lacked in the soilless culture (particularly water culture), which is also not beneficial to the high quality and high yield of plants;

3) due to the existence of abundant nutrients in soilless culture, proper water and nutrients are very suitable for the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria, and bring a large amount of diseases and toxic substances, so that people are required to control the occurrence of the diseases by using more chemical bactericides, and the high-quality yield and the cost control are also not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the special nutrient solution for soilless culture of melons and the preparation method and application thereof, and the special nutrient solution has the effects of increasing yield and improving the quality.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a special nutrient solution for soilless culture of melons comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of urea, 10-20 parts of potassium pyrophosphate, 1-5 parts of urea phosphate, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA copper, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA iron, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA manganese, 0.01-0.05 part of EDTA zinc, 0.1-1 part of EDTA calcium, 0.1-1 part of EDTA magnesium, 3-5 parts of polypeptide amino acid, 0.01-0.15 part of betaine, 0.01-0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 0.01-0.5 part of potassium polyaspartate, 0.5-2 parts of potassium phosphite and 49.6-76.22 parts of water.

The invention also discloses a preparation method of the special nutrient solution for soilless culture of melons, which comprises the following steps:

1) heating 1L of purified water in a constant-temperature water bath, and sequentially adding corresponding parts by weight of EDTA copper, EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, boric acid, polypeptide amino acid, betaine, polyglutamic acid and potassium polyaspartate while stirring;

2) stirring for 30-50min, and adding urea, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium phosphite in corresponding weight parts;

3) finally, regulating the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.5 by using urea phosphate; stirring for 30-50min, and standing for 30-60 min.

Further, the temperature for heating the thermostatic water bath in the step (1) is 30-50 ℃.

The invention also discloses application of the special nutrient solution for soilless culture of melons, and particularly relates to the special nutrient solution for soilless culture of melons.

Furthermore, the melon plant is one of melon, watermelon and cucumber.

Furthermore, when the nutrient solution is used, the nutrient solution is diluted by 300-fold and 1000-fold for use.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

(1) the nutrient solution provided by the invention has comprehensive nutrient substances, contains all mineral elements required by growth and development of melon plants, also contains organic micromolecular substances such as amino acid and the like, overcomes the defect that two or more nutrient solutions are required to be mixed in the traditional scheme, and has the coexistence of various component nutrients without phenomena of precipitation, flatulence and the like. The nutrient is reasonable and comprehensive, is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, is not easy to be lost, and can effectively ensure the high quality and the high yield of the melon plants.

(2) The nutrient solution and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention are safer to use and have wider application prospect: the polypeptide amino acid is extracted from plant protein, and the natural plant amino acid after enzymolysis is easier to be absorbed by plants, so that the taste and flavor of the fruit can be effectively improved; the potassium phosphite can provide necessary phosphorus and potassium elements for the growth of crops, can prevent the growth and the propagation of pathogenic organisms, and has remarkable disease resistance.

(3) The operation is simpler and more convenient, and the use cost is lower: the nutrient solution is simple and convenient to use, can be directly used only by diluting the mother solution during use, is easy to purchase production raw materials, is low in cost, has a disease-resistant function, and can effectively reduce the using amount and using frequency of the chemical bactericide and reduce the production cost.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1:

the implementation time is as follows: 3-6 months in 2019;

the implementation place is as follows: a test greenhouse of a Toxi family farm in white rabbits in the sentence capacity city of Jiangsu province;

the implementation scheme is as follows:

the muskmelon variety to be tested is Zhenshan No. 2, and the cultivation medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the cultivation medium is 3:1: 1;

the nutrient solution is prepared by adopting the formula and the preparation method of the invention, and comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium pyrophosphate, 2 parts of urea phosphate, 0.01 part of EDTA copper, 0.015 part of EDTA iron, 0.01 part of EDTA manganese, 0.01 part of EDTA zinc, 0.5 part of EDTA calcium, 0.5 part of EDTA magnesium, 4 parts of polypeptide amino, 0.01 part of betaine, 0.01 part of polyglutamic acid, 0.2 part of potassium polyaspartate, 1 part of potassium phosphite and 61.735 parts of water.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) heating 1L of purified water in a constant-temperature water bath at 30 ℃, and sequentially adding corresponding parts by weight of EDTA copper, EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, boric acid, polypeptide amino acid, betaine, polyglutamic acid and potassium polyaspartate while stirring;

2) stirring for 30min, and then adding urea, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium phosphite in corresponding weight parts;

3) finally, regulating the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.5 by using urea phosphate; stirring for 30min, and standing for 1 hr.

The application method comprises the following steps:

when in use, the nutrient solution is diluted by 300 times, and is irrigated for 4 times in the seedling growing period, the flowering period and the fruit swelling period (two times).

Comparative example 1:

the implementation time, implementation site, implementation scheme and application method are the same as those of example 1, except that the application method is a traditional fertilizer, and the traditional fertilizer specifically comprises the following components by weight: 40 parts of potassium nitrate, 40 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 15 parts of urea, 1 part of boric acid, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of manganese sulfate, 1 part of copper sulfate and 1 part of ferrous sulfate.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively pulverizing potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, boric acid, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and ferrous sulfate, sieving, placing into a stirrer, and stirring at constant speed for 10-20 min; when in use, the medicine is diluted by 500 times and irrigated by 800 times.

Comparing the yields per mu of example 1 and comparative example 1, the results show that the yield per mu of example 1 is improved by 7.8% compared to comparative example 1.

Example 2:

the implementation time is as follows: 3-6 months in 2019;

the implementation place is as follows: a test greenhouse of a Toxi family farm in white rabbits in the sentence capacity city of Jiangsu province;

the implementation scheme is as follows:

the watermelon variety to be tested is Meidu; the cultivation medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite, and the mass ratio of the peat to the perlite to the vermiculite is 3:1: 1;

the nutrient solution is prepared by adopting the formula and the preparation method of the invention, and comprises the following components by weight: 10 parts of urea, 20 parts of potassium pyrophosphate, 5 parts of urea phosphate, 0.05 part of EDTA copper, 0.05 part of EDTA iron, 0.05 part of EDTA manganese, 0.05 part of EDTA zinc, 1 part of EDTA calcium, 1 part of EDTA magnesium, 5 parts of polypeptide amino, 0.15 part of betaine, 0.51 part of polyglutamic acid, 0.5 part of potassium polyaspartate, 2 parts of potassium phosphite and 54.64 parts of water.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) heating 1L of purified water in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃, and sequentially adding corresponding parts by weight of EDTA copper, EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, boric acid, polypeptide amino acid, betaine, polyglutamic acid and potassium polyaspartate while stirring;

2) after stirring for 20min, adding urea, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium phosphite in corresponding weight parts;

3) finally, regulating the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.5 by using urea phosphate; stirring for 30min, and standing for 1 hr.

The application method comprises the following steps:

when in use, the nutrient solution is diluted by 400 times, and is irrigated for 4 times in the seedling growing period, the flowering period and the fruit swelling period (two times).

Comparative example 2:

the implementation time, implementation site, implementation scheme and application method are the same as those of example 2, except that the application method is a traditional fertilizer, and the traditional fertilizer specifically comprises the following components by weight: 0.25 part of EDTA copper, 0.25 part of EDTA iron, 0.25 part of EDTA manganese, 0.25 part of EDTA zinc, 30 parts of water, 20 parts of urea, 30 parts of potassium pyrophosphate, 18 parts of potassium formate and 1 part of boric acid.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: heating 300g of water to 70 ℃, adding 10g of chelated trace elements [ 2.5g of EDTA copper, 2.5g of EDTA iron, 2.5g of EDTA manganese and 2.5g of EDTA zinc ], adding 200g of urea after complete dissolution, adding 300g of potassium pyrophosphate after complete dissolution, adding 180g of potassium formate after complete dissolution, and adding 10g of boric acid after complete dissolution. When in use, the mixture is diluted by 300 times and irrigated.

Comparing the yields per mu of example 2 and comparative example 2, the results show an improvement of 9.6% for example 1 over comparative example 1.

Example 3:

the implementation time is as follows: 9-11 months in 2019;

the implementation place is as follows: a test greenhouse of a Toxi family farm in white rabbits in the sentence capacity city of Jiangsu province;

the implementation scheme is as follows:

the cucumber variety to be tested is green; the cultivation medium is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite, and the mass ratio of the peat to the perlite to the vermiculite is 3:1: 1;

the nutrient solution is prepared by adopting the formula and the preparation method of the invention, and comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium pyrophosphate, 3 parts of urea phosphate, 0.02 part of EDTA copper, 0.02 part of EDTA iron, 0.02 part of EDTA manganese, 0.02 part of EDTA zinc, 0.5 part of EDTA calcium, 1 part of EDTA magnesium, 3 parts of polypeptide amino, 0.1 part of betaine, 0.5 part of polyglutamic acid, 0.5 part of polyaspartic acid potassium, 2 parts of potassium phosphite and 59.42 parts of water.

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) heating 1L of purified water in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃, and sequentially adding corresponding parts by weight of EDTA copper, EDTA iron, EDTA manganese, EDTA zinc, EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, boric acid, polypeptide amino acid, betaine, polyglutamic acid and potassium polyaspartate while stirring;

2) after stirring for 20min, adding urea, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium phosphite in corresponding weight parts;

3) finally, regulating the pH value of the solution to 5.5-7.5 by using urea phosphate; stirring for 20min, and standing for 40 min.

The application method comprises the following steps:

the nutrient solution is diluted 1000 times and supplemented every 15 days.

Comparative example 3:

the implementation time, implementation site, implementation scheme and application method are the same as those in example 3, except that the application is a traditional fertilizer, and the traditional fertilizer specifically comprises the following components by weight: 34 parts of water, 1.5 parts of EDTA copper, 1.5 parts of EDTA iron, 1.5 parts of EDTA manganese, 1.5 parts of EDTA zinc, 30 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 20 parts of potassium formate and 10 parts of calcium nitrate.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: heating 340g of water to 60 ℃, adding 60g of chelated trace elements, namely a mixture consisting of 15g of EDTA copper, 15g of EDTA iron, 15g of EDTA manganese and 15g of EDTA zinc, after complete dissolution, adding 300g of ammonium polyphosphate, after complete dissolution, 200g of potassium formate, and after complete dissolution, 100g of calcium nitrate.

Comparing the yields per mu of example 3 and comparative example 3, the results show an increase of 10.7% for example 3 over comparative example 3.

In addition, the amino acid content of the nutrient solutions prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 of the invention was tested by NY/T1975, the polyglutamic acid detection method was NY/T3039, and the polyaspartic acid detection method was HG/T3822. The results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 comparison of the Properties of the products prepared in the examples of the invention and in the comparative examples

Test item	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3
				Amino acids	47.6g/L	63.5g/L	37.4g/L
Polyglutamic acid	0.12g/L	5.6g/L	4.82g/L
				Polyaspartic acid	0.16g/L	4.7g/L	3.85g/L

The same method was used to test the conventional fertilizers of comparative examples 1-3, and none of the above amino acids, polyglutamic acid, and polyaspartic acid was detected.

As can be seen from the comparison of the acre yield of the examples and the comparative proportions and the data in the table 1, the nutrient solution special for soilless culture of melons, prepared by the invention, contains all mineral elements required by growth and development of the melons, and also contains organic micromolecular substances such as amino acid and the like; the defect that two or more nutrient solutions are required to be mixed in the traditional scheme is overcome, and the nutrients of each component can coexist, so that the phenomena of precipitation, flatulence and the like can be avoided; the nutrient is reasonable and comprehensive, is easy to be absorbed and utilized by plants, is not easy to be lost, and can effectively ensure the high quality and the high yield of the melon plants.