1. A porcelainized aggregate for treating heavy metal-enriched plants is characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of heavy metal enriched plants, 30-60 parts of oil sludge dry residues, 10-15 parts of loess, 10-15 parts of yellow sand and 10-50 parts of clay.

2. The vitrified aggregate for disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of heavy metal-enriched plants, 35-60 parts of oil sludge dry residues, 10-12 parts of loess, 10-12 parts of yellow sand and 10-30 parts of clay.

3. The vitrified aggregate for disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 1, characterized in that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of heavy metal-enriched plants, 35-45 parts of oil sludge dry residues, 10-12 parts of loess, 10-12 parts of yellow sand and 10-30 parts of clay.

4. The method for preparing a porcelainized aggregate for disposing heavy metal-enriched plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: mixing and crushing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, drying and granulating to obtain a green body material, and sintering the green body material to obtain the vitrified aggregate.

5. The method for preparing the vitrified aggregate for the disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 4, wherein: the particle size after mixing and crushing is 100-200 meshes; further 120-160 meshes.

6. The method for preparing the vitrified aggregate for the disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 4, wherein: the water content after being crushed and dried is 20-60%; further 30 to 50 percent.

7. The method for preparing the vitrified aggregate for the disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 4, wherein: and (4) drying after granulation.

8. The method for preparing the vitrified aggregate for the disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the granulated blank material is 10-20 mm; further 10mm, 15mm and 20 mm.

9. The method for preparing the vitrified aggregate for the disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to claim 4, wherein: the sintering temperature is 900-1300 ℃, and the sintering time is 10-30 min; further 1000-1200 ℃, and the sintering time is 15-25 min.

10. Use of the vitrified aggregate for the disposal of heavy metal-enriched plants according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in road base aggregates, thermal insulation materials and sound insulation materials.

Background

The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

The oily sludge is a dangerous waste containing various harmful substances generated in the processes of petroleum development, gathering and transportation and processing. The total amount of oily sludge generated in the oil field development and processing industry of China reaches 2600 ten thousand tons per year, and more than 1200 petrochemical engineering polluted sites need to be treated. The prior method for treating oil sludge at home and abroad generally comprises the following steps: incineration, biological treatment, thermal washing, solvent extraction, chemical emulsion breaking, solid-liquid separation, etc. The current mature technology is thermal cracking, but the treatment cost is higher, has potential safety hazard, can't satisfy a large amount of sludge treatment's demand. The dry residue generated after the oil sludge treatment still contains organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the like and heavy metals such as copper, zinc, chromium, mercury and the like, further advanced treatment is needed, harmlessness and recycling are thoroughly realized, most of the existing oil sludge dry residue is treated by a direct landfill method, not only farmland is occupied, but also the surrounding environment is polluted.

Phytoremediation of heavy metal pollution in soil, river and lake sediment has become a safe and environment-friendly method, has the advantages of low cost, small destructiveness, small environmental disturbance and the like, and is greatly concerned by various professional background people. However, the phytoremediation has a very important problem to be solved, and the problem of how to dispose the heavy metal-enriched plants after the phytoremediation is very critical. The plants after the restoration usually contain a large amount of pollutants, and secondary pollution can be caused by non-disposal or improper treatment, so that the safe disposal of the restored plants becomes an urgent problem. At present, heavy metal-enriched plants are mainly treated by a burning method, a gasification method, a composting method, a pyrolysis method, a compression landfill method, a liquid phase extraction method and the like, and resource treatment technologies mainly comprise plant metallurgy, hydrothermal upgrading, nano material synthesis and the like, but the methods have the problems of high treatment cost, incapability of resource utilization, incapability of effectively treating heavy metals and the like. The development of a novel resource optimization treatment technology is urgently needed, so that the harmlessness of the repaired plant is achieved in the recycling process, and the potential secondary pollution is changed into valuable.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a porcelainized aggregate for treating heavy metal-enriched plants, and a preparation method and application thereof.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

in a first aspect, the porcelain aggregate for treating heavy metal-enriched plants comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of heavy metal enriched plants, 30-60 parts of oil sludge dry residues, 10-15 parts of loess, 10-15 parts of yellow sand and 10-50 parts of clay.

The vitrified aggregate comprises components obtained after sintering of the heavy metal enriched plants, the heavy metal enriched plants contain a large amount of wood fibers, the wood fibers are gasified and combusted in the sintering process, reducing atmosphere which is beneficial to treatment of various heavy metals is generated inside the green body, meanwhile, more pores are generated in the green body, the heat of combustion can dry the moisture in the green body, the treatment energy consumption is reduced, and the heat insulation, sound insulation and filtration efficiency of the vitrified aggregate can be effectively increased through micro-pores formed after sintering.

The vitrified aggregate comprises components after the oil sludge dry slag is burnt, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide are generated by the burning of the oil sludge dry slag, the rest becomes a glass phase,

in some embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of heavy metal-enriched plants, 35-60 parts of oil sludge dry residues, 10-12 parts of loess, 10-12 parts of yellow sand and 10-30 parts of clay. The composition proportion of the loess, the yellow sand and the clay influences the barrel pressure strength of the formed vitrified aggregate. The combination property of the heavy metal plant and the components of the burnt oil sludge dry slag influences the leaching concentration of the heavy metal.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of heavy metal-enriched plants, 35-45 parts of oil sludge dry residues, 10-12 parts of loess, 10-12 parts of yellow sand and 10-30 parts of clay.

In a second aspect, the preparation method of the vitrified aggregate for treating heavy metal-enriched plants comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, drying and granulating to obtain a green body material, and sintering the green body material to obtain the vitrified aggregate.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the particle size after mixing and pulverizing is 100-200 mesh; further 120-160 meshes. The granularity can ensure that heavy metal-enriched plants and various heavy metals in the oil sludge dry slag are effectively dispersed and uniformly distributed in a green body structure, can effectively ensure that all heavy metal ions form a new lattice structure after sintering, and are effectively and completely wrapped by a glass phase in the porcelain aggregate.

In some embodiments of the invention, the moisture content after drying after crushing is 20-60%; further 30 to 50 percent. The water content is adjusted to reach the water content suitable for extrusion granulation, and granulation is conveniently carried out.

In some embodiments of the invention, drying is performed after granulation. The water content after granulation was adjusted by drying.

In some embodiments of the invention, the diameter of the green body charge after granulation is 10-20 mm; further 10mm, 15mm and 20 mm. The diameter after granulation is kept in the range, the sintering uniformity is improved, the green body material is uniformly sintered, and the components in the green body material are combusted to form a porous framework structure.

In some embodiments of the invention, the sintering temperature is 900-; further 1000-; further 1100-1150 deg.C or 1150-1200 deg.C. The sintering temperature controls gasification combustion and combustion of oil sludge dry slag, and gas release is influenced. The sintering time is controlled, and the phenomenon of overburning caused by longer sintering time is avoided.

In a third aspect, the application of the vitrified aggregate for treating heavy metal-enriched plants in roadbed aggregates, heat insulation materials and sound insulation materials is provided. The structure formed by the porcelain aggregate has certain hardness and a porous structure, so the porcelain aggregate is suitable for being used as a roadbed, heat insulation or sound insulation material.

One or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides raw material components of the porcelain aggregate, which are formed by heavy metal-enriched plants, oily sludge, loess, yellow sand and clay, wherein the raw material components are melted at high temperature in the calcining process to form a matrix structure of the porcelain aggregate, so that the strength of the porcelain aggregate can be maintained, and heavy metals can be better solidified.

The heavy metal-enriched plants are added, a safe and stable method is provided for the treatment of the heavy metal plants, and the treatment cost of the heavy metal-enriched plants is solved. The heavy metal plants are beneficial to forming a porous structure in the vitrified aggregate in the process of preparing the vitrified aggregate, and are convenient to prepare roadbed aggregate, heat insulation supporting materials, sound insulation supporting materials and the like.

The glass phase formed by sintering is added with the oil sludge dry residue, the loess, the yellow sand and the clay, the strength of the matrix is improved after the glass phase is combined with the matrix, and the leached heavy metal is less after the glass phase is combined with the matrix.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a topographical view of a vitrified aggregate prepared in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a topographical view of the vitrified aggregate prepared in example 2;

FIG. 3 is a topographical view of the vitrified aggregate prepared in example 3.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples

Example 1

The method for fixing the heavy metals in the heavy metal enriched plants and the oil sludge dry slag comprises the following steps:

mixing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, ball-milling to the fineness of 150 meshes, adjusting the water content to 30%, and granulating to obtain a blank material with the diameter of 10 mm;

the weight ratio of the heavy metal enriched plants, the oil sludge dry residue, the loess, the yellow sand and the clay is 5:45:10:10: 30. The weight ratio of the parts is the weight ratio after being converted into dry materials;

and drying the prepared blank material, and sintering at 1150 ℃ for 20 min.

The shape of the sintered vitrified aggregate is shown in figure 1, the glass body is more than the crystal grains, the crystal grains are all wrapped in the glass body, the water absorption rate of the vitrified aggregate for 1 hour is 2.52 percent, and the bulk density is 1076kg/m³The cylinder pressure is 42.384MPa, and the total concentration of heavy metal in the leaching solution is 0.023mg/L by detecting with a plasma emission spectrometer (hazardous waste identification standard- -leaching toxicity identification HJ 749-2015).

Example 2

The method for fixing the heavy metals in the heavy metal enriched plants and the oil sludge dry slag comprises the following steps:

mixing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, ball-milling to the fineness of 150 meshes, adjusting the water content to 40%, and granulating to obtain a blank material with the diameter of 15 mm;

the weight ratio of the heavy metal-enriched plants to the oil sludge dry residue to the loess to the yellow sand to the clay is 10:60:10:10: 10. The weight ratio of the parts is the weight ratio after being converted into dry materials;

and drying the prepared green body material, and sintering at 1100 ℃ for 25 min.

The appearance of the sintered vitrified aggregate is shown in figure 2, crystalThe granules are all coated in the glass body, the 1h water absorption of the porcelain aggregate is 0.3 percent, and the bulk density is 970.5kg/m³The cylinder pressure intensity is 26.206MPa, and the total concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution is 0.055mg/L by detecting with a plasma emission spectrometer (hazardous waste identification standard- -leaching toxicity identification HJ 749-2015).

Example 3

The method for fixing the heavy metal in the oil sludge dry slag comprises the following steps:

mixing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, ball-milling to the fineness of 150 meshes, adjusting the water content to 50%, and granulating to obtain a blank material with the diameter of 20 mm;

the weight ratio of the heavy metal enriched plants, the oil sludge dry residue, the loess, the yellow sand and the clay is 2:38:10:10: 40. The weight ratio of the parts is the weight ratio after being converted into dry materials;

and drying the prepared blank drying material, and sintering at 1200 ℃ for 15 min.

The appearance of the sintered vitrified aggregate is shown in figure 3, crystal grains are all coated in the vitreous body, the water absorption rate of the vitrified aggregate for 1 hour is 8.17 percent, and the bulk density is 954.8kg/m³The cylinder pressure is 26.122MPa, and the total concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution is 0.015mg/L by detecting with a plasma emission spectrometer (hazardous waste identification standard- -leaching toxicity identification HJ 749-2015).

Comparative example 1

The method for fixing the heavy metals in the heavy metal enriched plants and the oil sludge dry slag comprises the following steps:

mixing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, ball-milling until the fineness is 60 meshes, adjusting the water content to be 30%, and granulating to obtain a blank material, wherein the diameter of the blank material is 10 mm;

the weight ratio of the heavy metal-enriched plants to the oil sludge dry residue to the loess to the yellow sand to the sticky substances is 5:45:10:10: 30. The weight ratio of the parts is the weight ratio after being converted into dry materials;

and drying the prepared blank material, and sintering at 1150 ℃ for 20 min.

The sintered vitrified aggregate has more vitreous body than crystal grains, the crystal grains are all coated in the vitreous body, the 1h water absorption of the vitrified aggregate is 0.32 percent, and the bulk density is 1020.3kg/m³The cylinder pressure is 40.992MPa, and the total concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution is 0.085mg/L by detecting with a plasma emission spectrometer (hazardous waste identification standard- -leaching toxicity identification HJ 749-2015).

Comparative example 2

The method for fixing the heavy metals in the heavy metal enriched plants and the oil sludge dry slag comprises the following steps:

mixing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, ball-milling until the fineness is 60 meshes, adjusting the water content to 40%, and granulating to obtain a blank material, wherein the diameter of the blank material is 15 mm;

the weight ratio of the heavy metal-enriched plants to the oil sludge dry residue to the loess to the yellow sand to the clay is 10:60:10:10: 10. The weight ratio of the parts is the weight ratio after being converted into dry materials;

and drying the prepared green body material, and sintering at 1100 ℃ for 25 min.

The sintered vitrified aggregate grains are all coated in the glass body, the 1h water absorption of the vitrified aggregate is 16.47 percent, and the bulk density is 794.8kg/m³The cylinder pressure is 12.619MPa, and the total concentration of heavy metals in the leaching solution is 0.54mg/L by detecting with a plasma emission spectrometer (hazardous waste identification standard- -leaching toxicity identification HJ 749-2015).

Comparative example 3

The method for fixing the heavy metal in the oil sludge dry slag comprises the following steps:

mixing heavy metal enriched plants, oil sludge dry slag, loess, yellow sand and clay, ball-milling until the fineness is 60 meshes, adjusting the water content to 50%, and granulating to obtain a blank material with the diameter of 20 mm;

the weight ratio of the heavy metal enriched plants, the oil sludge dry residue, the loess, the yellow sand and the clay is 2:38:10:10: 40. The weight ratio of the parts is the weight ratio after being converted into dry materials;

drying the prepared green body drying material, and sintering at 1200 ℃ for 15 min.

The sintered vitrified aggregate grains are all coated in the vitreous body, the 1h water absorption of the vitrified aggregate is 11.26 percent, and the bulk density is 917.6kg/m³The cylinder pressure is 21.714MPa, and the total concentration of heavy metal in the leaching solution is 0.021mg/L by detecting with a plasma emission spectrometer (hazardous waste identification standard- -leaching toxicity identification HJ 749-2015).

In example 2 and example 3, the difference in water absorption after sintering was large. Compared to example 3, the content of sludge and heavy metal-enriched plants in example 2 increased, while SiO increased with the increase in sludge₂And Al₂O₃Reduced content of (C), Fe₂O₃、Na₂O、MgO、K₂The content of cosolvent components such as O and the like is increased, the component change is beneficial to the fusion of the surface and the interior of the ceramsite during high-temperature sintering, liquid-phase crystals (enamel layers) can be formed on the surface, the interior raw materials are fused into liquid phases, feldspar substances in the raw materials are fused and permeated into gaps among crystals, the stacking density and the cylinder pressure strength of the vitrified aggregate are increased, and the water absorption is reduced.

The ball milling particle sizes of the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 are different, when the ball milling particle size is between 100-200 meshes, the leaching amount of the heavy metal is less, and when the ball milling particle size is less than 100 meshes, the leaching amount of the heavy metal is more. But also has certain influence on the strength of the vitrified aggregate.

The ball milling granularity of the embodiment 2 is different from that of the comparative example 2, when the ball milling granularity is between 100 and 200 meshes, the leaching amount of the heavy metal is less, and when the ball milling granularity is less than 100 meshes, the leaching amount of the heavy metal is more. But also has influence on the strength, water absorption and bulk density of the vitrified aggregate. The example 1 contains more clay and has higher strength, but as can be seen from the example 2 and the comparative example 2, the ball milling particle size, the heavy metal-enriched plants and the sludge dry residue all affect the strength and the water absorption rate. The components are fused to form an integral structure.

The ball milling granularity of the embodiment 3 is different from that of the comparative example 3, when the ball milling granularity is between 100 and 200 meshes, the leaching amount of the heavy metal is less, and when the ball milling granularity is less than 100 meshes, the leaching amount of the heavy metal is more. But also has influence on the strength, water absorption and bulk density of the vitrified aggregate. Example 3 the dry sludge and heavy metal-enriched plants were of lower mass compared to example 1. When the ball-milled particle size is reduced to below 100 mesh, the effects on strength, water absorption and bulk density are different.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.