1. A high-temperature treated high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: treating the core material at a high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and a pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes by taking the fiber composition as the core material to obtain a three-dimensional interwoven cured high-tensile-resistance core material with a smooth surface;

step two: taking the three-dimensional woven fiber obtained in the step one as a reinforcing base material, soaking the three-dimensional woven fiber in aerosol, and obtaining the high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material through gelling, aging, modifying and drying; or taking the fiber composition as a reinforcing base material, and carrying out gelling, aging, modification and drying to obtain the aerogel composite material, and then treating the aerogel composite material at the high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and the pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes to form the final high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material.

2. The high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material is prepared by the following steps: the fiber composition comprises one or more of a fiber needle felt, a fiber spunlace felt, a fiber spray bonded cotton, a fiber loose cotton and a fiber board.

3. The high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 2, wherein the high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material is prepared by the following steps: the fiber adopted by the fiber composition is one or more of inorganic fiber and organic fiber.

4. The high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material is prepared by the following steps: the organic fiber comprises one or more of terylene, chinlon, spandex, acrylon, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber.

5. The high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material is prepared by the following steps: the inorganic fiber comprises one or more of quartz fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, mullite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, basalt fiber, brucite fiber and attapulgite fiber.

6. The high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material is prepared by the following steps: the aerogel is one or more of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, zirconia aerogel, titanium oxide aerogel and iron oxide aerogel.

7. The high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature-treated high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material is prepared by the following steps: the aerogel comprises one or two of hydrophilic aerogel and hydrophobic aerogel.

Background

Building wall heat preservation is aerogel material potential application market, and the outer layer of insulation material often has finish coat etc. when wall insulation material is under construction, needs insulation material self to have higher tensile strength of drawing. The current aerogel material is generally made substrate composite silicon dioxide aerogel by glass fibre needled felt, has certain tensile strength and compressive strength, but tensile strength is lower (generally less than 0.1MPa), still can not satisfy the technical specification requirement in the building heat preservation field.

At present, the main thermal insulation materials are low in tensile strength, and the overall tensile strength of a thermal insulation system is enhanced mainly by adding glass fiber mesh cloth and thermal insulation nails in the construction process and then externally coating mortar.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material subjected to high-temperature treatment and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems in the background art.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a high-temperature treated high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: treating the core material at a high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and a pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes by taking the fiber composition as the core material to obtain a three-dimensional interwoven cured high-tensile-resistance core material with a smooth surface;

step two: taking the three-dimensional woven fiber obtained in the step one as a reinforcing base material, soaking the three-dimensional woven fiber in aerosol, and obtaining the high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material through gelling, aging, modifying and drying;

or taking the fiber composition as a reinforcing base material, and carrying out gelling, aging, modification and drying to obtain the aerogel composite material, and then treating the aerogel composite material at the high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and the pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes to form the final high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material.

Preferably, the fiber composition comprises one or more of a fiber needle felt, a fiber spunlace felt, a fiber spray bonded cotton, a fiber loose cotton and a fiber board.

Preferably, the fiber adopted by the fiber composition is one or more of inorganic fiber and organic fiber.

Preferably, the organic fiber comprises one or more of terylene, chinlon, spandex, acrylon, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber.

Preferably, the inorganic fiber comprises one or more of quartz fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, mullite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, basalt fiber, brucite fiber and attapulgite fiber.

Preferably, the aerogel is one or more of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, zirconia aerogel, titania aerogel and iron oxide aerogel.

Preferably, the aerogel comprises one or both of a hydrophilic aerogel and a hydrophobic aerogel.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material subjected to high-temperature treatment and a preparation method thereof. The method has the following beneficial effects:

1. the high-tensile-resistant aerogel composite material obtained by the method obviously improves the tensile strength of the aerogel material, the tensile strength of the aerogel composite material is improved from 0.08MPa to 0.7MPa, the problem of small tensile strength of the original aerogel composite material is solved, and the high-tensile-resistant aerogel composite material is superior to most of the existing heat insulation materials.

2. When the fiber is used as a reinforcing base material, the aerogel composite material is obtained through gelling, aging, modification and drying, and then the aerogel composite material is treated at the high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes to form the final high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material.

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material subjected to high-temperature treatment and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: treating the core material at a high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and a pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes by taking the fiber composition as the core material to obtain a three-dimensional interwoven cured high-tensile-resistance core material with a smooth surface;

step two: taking the three-dimensional woven fiber obtained in the step one as a reinforcing base material, soaking the three-dimensional woven fiber in aerosol, and obtaining the high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material through gelling, aging, modifying and drying;

or taking the fiber composition as a reinforcing base material, and carrying out gelling, aging, modification and drying to obtain the aerogel composite material, and then treating the aerogel composite material at the high temperature of 700-1000 ℃ and the pressure of 0.001-10 MPa for 1-600 minutes to form the final high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material.

The fiber composition comprises one or more of a fiber needle felt, a fiber spunlace felt, a fiber spray bonded cotton, a fiber loose cotton and a fiber board.

The fiber adopted by the fiber composition is one or more of inorganic fiber and organic fiber.

The organic fiber comprises one or more of terylene, chinlon, spandex, acrylon, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile preoxidized fiber, cellulose fiber and carbon fiber.

The inorganic fiber comprises one or more of quartz fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, mullite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, basalt fiber, brucite fiber and attapulgite fiber.

The aerogel is one or more of fiber-reinforced silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, zirconia aerogel, titanium oxide aerogel and iron oxide aerogel.

The aerogel comprises one or two of hydrophilic aerogel and hydrophobic aerogel.

Example 1:

and (3) treating the glass fiber needled felt with the thickness of 10mm for 30 minutes at 750 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.05MPa, and three-dimensionally interweaving and curing the high-tensile-resistance core material with a smooth surface. 80g of sodium silicate with the modulus of 3.3 is weighed, 60g of pure water is added and stirred evenly, and then the diluted sodium silicate is obtained. 20g of 40% wt sulfuric acid are weighed and the diluted water glass is added to the sulfuric acid with stirring until the pH is 3. 300g of 95% by weight ethanol was added with continued stirring. Removing the precipitate in the sol by a centrifugal filter to obtain transparent and clear silica sol. And (3) dropwise adding 1 wt% ammonia water into the silica sol, adjusting the pH value to 4.1, then soaking the silica sol in the high tensile strength drawing resistant core material, gelling after about 50min, standing at room temperature and aging for 5 h. And putting the aged gel into a mixed solution of 40% by weight of sulfuric acid and 95% ethanol with the volume of 500ml and the mass ratio of 2:8, soaking for 3 hours at room temperature, and acidifying. The acidified gel was placed in 500ml of hexamethyldisilazane and modified for hydrophobization at room temperature. After 6.5h, the modification is finished, and the gel is subjected to supercritical drying for 10h, wherein the drying medium is ethanol, the temperature is 260 ℃, and the pressure is 8 Mpa. The obtained high-tensile-resistant aerogel composite material has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.021 w/(m.k) and the tensile strength of 0.42 MPa.

Example 2:

and (3) paving a layer of basalt fiber loose cotton with the thickness of 50mm, processing for 60 minutes at 900 ℃ under the pressure of 0.01MPa, and three-dimensionally interweaving and curing the high-tensile-resistance core material with a smooth surface. 200g of silica sol with the pH value of 3 and the concentration of 25 percent and 100g of aluminum sol with the pH value of 2.5 and the concentration of 20 percent are weighed, and 600g of water is added for dilution to obtain the mixed silica-aluminum sol. And (3) dropwise adding 2 wt% ammonia water into the silicon-aluminum sol, adjusting the pH to 4.5, pouring the mixture into a box paved with a high tensile pulling-resistant core material for 25min, then gelling, standing and aging for 15 h. The aged gel was poured into 500ml of trimethylchlorosilane to carry out hydrophobic modification. And finishing modification after 6 hours, and drying the gel at 120 ℃ under normal pressure for 2 hours to obtain the high-tensile-strength aerogel composite material, wherein the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.023 w/(m.k), and the tensile strength is 0.37 MPa.

Example 3:

a carbon fiber and glass fiber blended reinforced titanium dioxide aerogel felt is taken and treated for 10 minutes in a furnace filled with nitrogen protection at the temperature of 850 ℃ under the pressure of 0.1MPa, and the obtained high-tensile-resistance aerogel composite material has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.025 w/(m.k) and the tensile strength of 0.58 MPa.

Example 4:

a piece of glass fiber needled felt reinforced silicon dioxide aerogel felt is taken and treated for 100 minutes at 800 ℃ under the pressure of 0.2MPa, and the obtained high-pulling-resistant aerogel composite material has the thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.026 w/(m.k) and the pulling-resistant strength of 0.52 MPa.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.