1. A sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mixing the abrasive, the binder and the pore-forming agent into a mixture;

putting the mixture into a die, and pressing to form a grinding wheel blank;

drying the grinding wheel blank at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a dried blank;

putting the dried blank into a sintering furnace, heating the sintering furnace to 500-600 ℃, and pre-sintering the dried blank for 1-1.5h under an inert atmosphere to obtain a pre-sintered blank;

heating the sintering furnace to 700-800 ℃, and carrying out pore-forming sintering on the pre-sintered blank for 1.5-2h to obtain a pore-forming grinding wheel;

controlling the sintering furnace at 620-660 ℃, and pre-detoxifying the pore-forming grinding wheel for 4 hours at high temperature to obtain a pre-detoxified grinding wheel;

stopping heating the thermal sintering furnace, and standing for 4 hours after the temperature of the thermal sintering furnace is reduced to normal temperature;

wherein the pore-forming agent is arsenic.

2. The method for forming the hole by using the sintered grinding wheel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of stopping heating the sintering furnace, and after the sintering furnace is cooled to normal temperature and then stands for 4 hours, the method further comprises the following steps:

taking the pre-detoxified grinding wheel out of the sintering furnace, and putting the pre-detoxified grinding wheel into FeCl at 60 DEG C₃-Ca(OH)₂And reacting in the solution for 1h to obtain a finished grinding wheel.

3. The method for pore-forming of sintered grinding wheel as claimed in claim 2, wherein said pre-detoxified grinding wheel is removed from said sintering furnace and placed in 60 degFeCl at DEG C₃-Ca(OH)₂Reacting in the solution for 1h to obtain a grinding wheel finished product, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

FeCl is added₃-Ca(OH)₂The solution was heated to 60 ℃;

taking the pre-detoxified grinding wheel out of the sintering furnace, and putting the pre-detoxified grinding wheel into the FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂In solution, stirring the FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂The solution is used for 1 h;

and cleaning the pre-detoxified grinding wheel by using clear water, and drying to obtain a finished grinding wheel product.

4. The method for pore-forming of a sintered grinding wheel according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein before mixing the abrasive, the binder and the pore former into a mixture, further comprising the steps of:

grinding the pore-forming agent into particles with the particle size of 80-90 meshes.

5. The sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of drying the grinding wheel blank at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a dried blank comprises the steps of:

putting the grinding wheel blank into a vacuum drying furnace;

heating the vacuum drying furnace to 80-100 ℃;

drying at 0.5 standard atmospheric pressure for 1 h.

6. The sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of placing the dry blank into a sintering furnace, heating the sintering furnace to 500-600 ℃, and pre-sintering the dry blank for 1-1.5 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain a pre-sintered blank comprises the steps of:

putting the dried blank into a sintering furnace, extracting gas in the sintering furnace, and introducing inert gas;

heating the sintering furnace at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min for 35-40 min;

stopping heating, maintaining the temperature of the sintering furnace at 500-600 ℃, and continuing sintering for 20-55 min.

7. The pore-forming method for the sintered grinding wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sintering furnace is heated to 700-800 ℃, and the pre-sintered blank is subjected to pore-forming sintering for 1.5-2h to obtain the pore-forming grinding wheel, and the pore-forming method comprises the following steps:

heating the sintering furnace at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min for 50 min;

stopping heating, maintaining the temperature of the sintering furnace at 700-800 ℃,

and (4) carrying out pore-forming sintering on the pre-sintered blank for 40-70 min.

8. The pore-forming method for the sintered grinding wheel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sintering furnace is controlled at 620-660 ℃, and the pore-forming grinding wheel is pre-detoxified for 4 hours at a high temperature to obtain a pre-detoxified grinding wheel, and the method comprises the following steps:

stopping heating the sintering furnace, and reheating when the temperature of the sintering furnace is reduced to 660 ℃;

and controlling the temperature of the heating furnace at 620-660 ℃, and pre-detoxifying the pore-forming grinding wheel for 4 hours at high temperature to obtain the pre-detoxified grinding wheel.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the abrasive material is diamond.

10. The method for pore-forming a sintered grinding wheel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said binder is a cermet binder comprising:

68-76% of ceramic binder;

the metal binding agent is 24-32% by mass.

Background

After the grinding wheel is worn and blunted, or round abrasive grains fall off from the surface of the grinding wheel, a layer of fresh sharp abrasive grains is exposed, and the cutting processing of the workpiece is continued. This self-sharpening of the grinding wheel is known as "self-sharpening". The binding agent of the existing novel metal ceramic grinding wheel in the sintering process comprises a metal binding agent and a ceramic binding agent, and the grinding sharpness, the wear resistance and the shape retention of the metal ceramic grinding wheel are improved to a certain extent. For the cermet grinding wheel, self sharpening can be achieved through the stoma. Common pore-forming agents comprise carbon particles, hollow alumina spheres, inorganic ammonium salts, plastic spheres and the like, but the pore-forming agents are disposable pore-forming agents, and pores are formed on the grinding wheel through oxidation and decomposition, so that abrasive particles gradually lose support in the process of gradually exposing air holes and automatically fall off. The purpose of self sharpening can be achieved by fillers such as boron carbide, silicon carbide, boron nitride and the like, and the fillers are poor in combination with the binder and easy to fall off during grinding. However, the pore-forming agent and the filler are all disposable, and the pore-forming cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method, which solves the technical problems that pore-forming agents are all disposable in the prior art means, and the pore-forming cost is high.

A sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method comprises the following steps:

mixing the abrasive, the binder and the pore-forming agent into a mixture;

putting the mixture into a die, and pressing to form a grinding wheel blank;

drying the grinding wheel blank at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a dried blank;

putting the dried blank into a sintering furnace, heating the sintering furnace to 500-600 ℃, and pre-sintering the dried blank for 1-1.5h under an inert atmosphere to obtain a pre-sintered blank;

heating the sintering furnace to 700-800 ℃, and carrying out pore-forming sintering on the pre-sintered blank for 1.5-2h to obtain a pore-forming grinding wheel;

controlling the sintering furnace at 620-660 ℃, and pre-detoxifying the pore-forming grinding wheel for 4 hours at high temperature to obtain a pre-detoxified grinding wheel;

stopping heating the thermal sintering furnace, and standing for 4 hours after the temperature of the thermal sintering furnace is reduced to normal temperature;

wherein the pore-forming agent is arsenic.

Optionally, the stopping heating the sintering furnace, and after the sintering furnace is cooled to normal temperature and then stands for 4 hours, further includes the steps of:

taking the pre-detoxified grinding wheel out of the sintering furnace, and putting the pre-detoxified grinding wheel into FeCl at 60 DEG C₃-Ca(OH)₂And reacting in the solution for 1h to obtain a finished grinding wheel.

Optionally, the pre-detoxified grinding wheel is taken out of the sintering furnace and placed in FeCl at 60 DEG C₃-Ca(OH)₂Reacting in the solution for 1h to obtain a grinding wheel finished product, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

FeCl is added₃-Ca(OH)₂The solution was heated to 60 ℃;

taking the pre-detoxified grinding wheel out of the sintering furnace, and putting the pre-detoxified grinding wheel into the FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂In solution, stirring the FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂The solution is used for 1 h;

and cleaning the pre-detoxified grinding wheel by using clear water, and drying to obtain a finished grinding wheel product.

Optionally, before mixing the abrasive, the binder and the pore former into a mixture, the method further comprises the following steps:

grinding the pore-forming agent into particles with the particle size of 80-90 meshes.

Optionally, the step of drying the grinding wheel blank at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a dried blank comprises the following steps:

putting the grinding wheel blank into a vacuum drying furnace;

heating the vacuum drying furnace to 80-100 ℃;

drying at 0.5 standard atmospheric pressure for 1 h.

Optionally, the step of placing the dried blank into a sintering furnace, heating the sintering furnace to 500-600 ℃, and pre-sintering the dried blank for 1-1.5 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain a pre-sintered blank comprises the following steps:

putting the dried blank into a sintering furnace, extracting gas in the sintering furnace, and introducing inert gas;

heating the sintering furnace at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min for 35-40 min;

stopping heating, maintaining the temperature of the sintering furnace at 500-600 ℃, and continuing sintering for 20-55 min.

Optionally, the sintering furnace is heated to 700-800 ℃, and the pre-sintered blank is subjected to pore-forming sintering for 1.5-2 hours to obtain the pore-forming grinding wheel, and the method comprises the following steps:

heating the sintering furnace at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min for 50 min;

stopping heating, maintaining the temperature of the sintering furnace at 700-800 ℃,

and (4) carrying out pore-forming sintering on the pre-sintered blank for 40-70 min.

Optionally, the sintering furnace is controlled at 620-660 ℃, the pore-forming grinding wheel is pre-detoxified for 4 hours at a high temperature, and the pre-detoxified grinding wheel is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:

stopping heating the sintering furnace, and reheating when the temperature of the sintering furnace is reduced to 660 ℃;

and controlling the temperature of the heating furnace at 620-660 ℃, and pre-detoxifying the pore-forming grinding wheel for 4 hours at high temperature to obtain the pre-detoxified grinding wheel.

Optionally, the abrasive is diamond.

Optionally, the binder is a cermet binder, including:

68-76% of ceramic binder;

the metal binding agent is 24-32% by mass.

One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: the application provides a sintered abrasive wheel pore-forming method is through using arsenic as the pore-forming agent to the melting boiling point of cooperation arsenic carries out temperature control, makes when the pore-forming, and arsenic can be sublimed out from the emery wheel, in order to carry out the use next time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.

Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.

Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present application, the present invention provides a sintered grinding wheel pore-forming method, including the steps of:

s1, grinding the pore-forming agent into particles with the particle size of 80-90 meshes;

s2, mixing the abrasive, the binder and the pore-forming agent into a mixture;

s3, placing the mixture into a mold, and pressing to form a grinding wheel blank;

s4, drying the grinding wheel blank at 80-100 ℃ to obtain a dried blank;

s5, placing the dried blank into a sintering furnace, heating the sintering furnace to 500-600 ℃, and pre-sintering the dried blank for 1-1.5 hours in an inert atmosphere to obtain a pre-sintered blank;

s6, heating the sintering furnace to 700-800 ℃, and carrying out pore-forming sintering on the pre-sintered blank for 1.5-2h to obtain a pore-forming grinding wheel;

s7, controlling the sintering furnace at 620-660 ℃, and pre-detoxifying the pore-forming grinding wheel for 4 hours at high temperature to obtain a pre-detoxified grinding wheel;

s8, stopping heating the hot sintering furnace, and standing for 4 hours after the temperature of the sintering furnace is reduced to normal temperature;

s9, taking the pre-detoxified grinding wheel out of the sintering furnace, and putting the pre-detoxified grinding wheel into FeCl at 60 DEG C₃-Ca(OH)₂And reacting in the solution for 1h to obtain a finished grinding wheel.

On the basis of the present embodiment, the step S9 includes the following steps:

s91, adding FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂The solution was heated to 60 ℃;

s92, taking the pre-detoxified grinding wheel out of the sintering furnace, and putting the pre-detoxified grinding wheel into the FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂In solution, stirring the FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂The solution is used for 1 h;

and S93, cleaning the pre-detoxified grinding wheel by using clear water, and drying to obtain a finished grinding wheel product.

On the basis of the present embodiment, the step S4 includes the following steps:

s41, placing the grinding wheel blank into a vacuum drying furnace;

s42, heating the vacuum drying furnace to 80-100 ℃;

s43, drying for 1h under 0.5 standard atmospheric pressure.

On the basis of the present embodiment, the step S5 includes the following steps:

s51, putting the dried blank into a sintering furnace, extracting gas in the sintering furnace, and introducing inert gas;

s52, heating the sintering furnace at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min for 35-40 min;

and S53, stopping heating, keeping the temperature of the sintering furnace at 500-600 ℃, and continuing sintering for 20-55 min.

On the basis of the present embodiment, the step S6 includes the following steps:

s61, heating the sintering furnace at a heating rate of 4 ℃/min for 50 min;

s62, stopping heating, maintaining the temperature of the sintering furnace at 700-800 ℃,

and S63, forming holes in the pre-sintered blank and sintering for 40-70 min.

On the basis of the present embodiment, the step S7 includes the following steps:

s71, stopping heating the sintering furnace, and reheating when the temperature of the sintering furnace is reduced to 660 ℃;

s72, controlling the temperature of the heating furnace at 620-660 ℃, and pre-detoxifying the pore-forming grinding wheel for 4 hours at high temperature to obtain the pre-detoxified grinding wheel.

The pore-forming agent is arsenic, the abrasive is diamond, and the binder is a metal ceramic binder, wherein the mass fraction of the metal ceramic binder is 68-76%; the mass fraction of the metal binding agent is 24-32%. In this embodiment, arsenic is ash arsenic, the melting point of which is 817 ℃ and the boiling point of which is 613 ℃, and when the temperature of the ash arsenic is higher than 613 ℃ and lower than 817 ℃, the ash arsenic can be directly sublimated, and the arsenic is used as a pore-forming agent and is matched with the melting point of the arsenic for temperature control, so that the arsenic can be sublimated from the grinding wheel for next use during pore-forming.

In the process of sintering the grinding wheel, in order to ensure the stability of holes in the grinding wheel, firstly, pre-sintering a dry blank at a temperature lower than the boiling point of the ash arsenic, and after sintering for 1-1.5h, primarily curing a ceramic binder in the blank to form the pre-sintered blank, wherein the pre-sintered blank has certain structural strength and is primarily shaped.

And then heating is carried out, the temperature is raised to a range between the boiling point and the melting point of the ash arsenic, the ash arsenic is ensured to be sublimated, the arsenic in the grinding wheel is changed into gas to be discharged from the micropores, the gas cannot be liquefied and moves downwards between the micropores, the blank is formed into holes, the metal bonding agent is melted, the bonding degree of the metal bonding agent and the grinding material is improved, and the ceramic bonding agent which is preliminarily solidified in the front maintains the shape of the air holes. And meanwhile, the temperature is further increased for sintering, so that the structural strength of the blank is further enhanced.

And then keeping the temperature of the pre-sintered blank near the boiling point of arsenic, further sublimating the residual arsenic, removing the residual arsenic in the pre-sintered blank, solidifying the metal binder, and completely forming micropores to obtain the pre-detoxified grinding wheel.

And stopping heating, and cooling the outer wall of the sintering furnace to desublimate the arsenic gas simple substance on the inner wall of the sintering furnace. Then taking out the pre-detoxified grinding wheel and putting in FeCl₃-Ca(OH)₂In solutionThe reaction is carried out at 60 ℃, arsenic is removed by a chemical method, the iron ions oxidize the arsenic simple substance to dissolve the arsenic simple substance into water, then the arsenic simple substance is complexed with the iron ions, and simultaneously calcium arsenate precipitation can be generated with the calcium ions, so that residual arsenic in the pre-detoxified grinding wheel is almost completely removed, a grinding wheel finished product with uniform micropores is obtained, meanwhile, the arsenic simple substance which is desublimated on the inner wall of the sintering furnace can be scraped for repeated use, and can also be heated for sublimation, and then gas in the furnace is sent away, so that the arsenic simple substance is condensed in the next reactor again, and the use is convenient.

In this embodiment, the ash arsenic has a boiling point higher than that of arsenic and lower than that of arsenic, and has a weak bonding force between layers, so that the ash arsenic is brittle and hard, and is easily pulverized into powder, so that the ash arsenic can be better mixed with the abrasive and the binder.

It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The above description is merely exemplary of the present application and is presented to enable those skilled in the art to understand and practice the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

In short, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.