1. The preparation method of the high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing an adhesive solution;

(2) loading the adhesive on a three-dimensional matrix with a quasi-oriented fiber structure to form an adhesive layer on the matrix;

(3) and loading a photo-thermal material on the bonding layer to obtain the high-efficiency photo-thermal evaporation material.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as the binder, and the PVA solution is prepared by: and adding PVA into water, and stirring at a constant temperature of 80-100 ℃ until the PVA is dissolved.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the molecular weight of PVA is 10000-1000000, and the concentration of PVA solution is 1-5 mg/mL.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the forming the adhesive layer on the substrate is performed by: and (3) dipping the substrate into the PVA adhesive solution for 10-60 s, taking out and transferring the substrate into an oven with the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for drying treatment for 3-8 h to form an adhesive layer on the substrate material.

5. A method according to claims 1 and 4, wherein the three-dimensional matrix of quasi-directional fibre structures is cellulose acetate based cigarette butt filters.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supporting of the photothermal material on the bonding layer to obtain the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material comprises: preparing a photo-thermal material aqueous dispersion, coating the photo-thermal material aqueous dispersion on the bonding layer for 10-60 s, and drying for 3-12 h by using an oven at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the efficient photo-thermal evaporation material.

7. The method as claimed in claims 1 and 6, wherein MXene Ti is selected as the photothermal material₃C₂The photo-thermal material comprises one of a nano sheet, a graphene oxide nano sheet and a molybdenum disulfide nano sheet, and the concentration of the photo-thermal material aqueous dispersion is 1-50 mg/mL.

8. A high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material, which is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Background

The shortage of fresh water resources is a big problem to be solved in the world, and the production of fresh water by utilizing sustainable energy is a development direction with great potential. Solar energy is a rich and clean renewable energy source and is widely applied to the fields of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment and energy production. Therefore, desalination of sea water by solar-driven water evaporation technology is considered to be an economically efficient way of producing fresh water. The traditional solar seawater desalination technologies such as a distillation method, an electrodialysis method, a reverse osmosis method, an ion exchange method and the like have certain achievements, but the traditional solar seawater desalination devices are limited in popularization and application due to the defects that the equipment cost is high and the solar energy utilization efficiency is low. The interface evaporation technology is one of novel solar steam generation technologies, has the advantages of simple equipment, low cost and high-efficiency sunlight utilization, and shows great economic advantages compared with the traditional solar seawater desalination technology. The photothermal evaporation material is used as a core component of the interface evaporation technology, and the optimal design is continuously carried out by attracting students. Therefore, the development of a high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material which has simple preparation process and low cost and can be produced in a large scale is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material and a preparation method thereof. The cellulose acetate based cigarette end filter tip with the quasi-oriented fiber structure is selected as a base material, so that the effects of reducing the production cost, reducing the heat conduction loss and promoting the water transmission of water to the evaporation surface can be achieved; the photo-thermal material is firmly loaded on the matrix through the introduction of PVA, and the stability and the water resistance of the photo-thermal evaporation material are improved. The preparation method is simple in preparation process, green, environment-friendly, low in cost and capable of realizing large-scale preparation.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing an adhesive solution;

(2) loading the adhesive on a three-dimensional matrix with a quasi-oriented fiber structure to form an adhesive layer on the matrix;

(3) and loading a photo-thermal material on the bonding layer to obtain the high-efficiency photo-thermal evaporation material.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), an aqueous PVA solution is used as the binder, and the PVA solution is prepared by: and adding PVA into water, and stirring at a constant temperature of 80-100 ℃ until the PVA is dissolved.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the molecular weight of the PVA is 10000-1000000, and the concentration of the PVA aqueous solution is 1-5 mg/mL.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the method for forming the adhesive layer on the substrate is: and (3) dipping the substrate into the PVA adhesive solution for 10-60 s, taking out and transferring the substrate into an oven with the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for drying treatment for 3-8 h to form an adhesive layer on the substrate material.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the three-dimensional matrix of the quasi-directional fiber structure is cellulose acetate based cigarette end filter.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the supporting of the photothermal material on the bonding layer to obtain the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material comprises: preparing a photo-thermal material aqueous dispersion, coating the photo-thermal material aqueous dispersion on the bonding layer for 10-60 s, and drying for 3-12 h by using an oven at 50-70 ℃ to obtain the efficient photo-thermal evaporation material.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), MXene Ti is selected as the photothermal material₃C₂The photo-thermal material comprises one of a nano sheet, a graphene oxide nano sheet and a molybdenum disulfide nano sheet, and the concentration of the photo-thermal material aqueous dispersion is 1-50 mg/mL.

The efficient photothermal evaporation material is prepared by the preparation method of the efficient photothermal evaporation material.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the efficient photothermal evaporation material prepared by the invention has a communicated three-dimensional pore structure, is beneficial to conveying water in the evaporation process, is beneficial to absorption of sunlight due to rich pore structures, and realizes efficient photothermal evaporation performance.

(2) The preparation method is simple, the operation is simple and convenient, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, the preparation process is green and environment-friendly, and the large-scale preparation can be realized.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are only schematic illustrations and illustrations of the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 2 is a water contact angle diagram of the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of a high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1, wherein FIG. 3a is reflectance and FIG. 3b is transmittance;

FIG. 4 shows the effect of the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1 at a solar light intensity (1 kW/m)²) Evaporation rate profile of (b).

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can easily understand the design principle of the present invention, and thus other embodiments obtained without inventive labor are all the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 300mg of PVA powder particles, adding the PVA powder particles into 100mL of water, and stirring the mixture for 1h at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ in a water bath;

(2) soaking the cellulose acetate based cigarette end filter tip in the PVA solution obtained in the step (1) for 30s, then taking out, and then transferring to an oven at 60 ℃ for drying treatment for 3 h;

(3) MXene Ti with the concentration of 5mg/mL is added into the cigarette end filter tip obtained in the step (2)₃C₂Soaking in the aqueous dispersion for 30s, taking out, transferring to an oven at 60 deg.C, and drying for 12 h.

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of a high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, the surface of the high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in this embodiment has pores with different sizes, and a good way is provided for moisture transportation and steam escape.

FIG. 2 is a water contact angle diagram of the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in this example has excellent hydrophilic properties, and can achieve sufficient water supply during evaporation.

FIG. 3 is a UV-Vis-NIR spectrum of the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1, wherein FIG. 3a is reflectance and FIG. 3b is transmittance. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in the embodiment shows very low reflectivity and transmittance in a wide solar spectrum range, and the calculated absorptivity is as high as 95%.

FIG. 4 shows the effect of the high efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in example 1 at a solar light intensity (1 kW/m)²) Evaporation rate profile of (b). As can be seen from FIG. 4, the high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material obtained in the present example achieves a thickness of up to 3.10kg m^-2 h^-1The evaporation rate of (c).

Example 2

The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 200mg of PVA powder particles, adding the PVA powder particles into 100mL of water, and stirring the mixture for 2 hours at a constant temperature of 90 ℃ in a water bath;

(2) soaking the cellulose acetate based cigarette end filter tip in the PVA solution obtained in the step (1) for 60s, then taking out, and then transferring to an oven at 50 ℃ for drying treatment for 5 h;

(3) and (3) soaking the cigarette end filter tip obtained in the step (2) in 3mg/mL graphene oxide aqueous dispersion for 60s, taking out, and transferring to an oven at 50 ℃ for drying treatment for 12 h.

Example 3

The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a high-efficiency photothermal evaporation material. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 100mg of PVA powder particles, adding the PVA powder particles into 100mL of water, and stirring the mixture for 1h at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ in a water bath;

(2) soaking the cellulose acetate based cigarette end filter tip in the PVA solution obtained in the step (1) for 40s, then taking out, and then transferring to an oven at 70 ℃ for drying treatment for 3 h;

(3) and (3) soaking the cigarette end filter tip obtained in the step (2) in 6mg/mL molybdenum disulfide aqueous dispersion for 40s, taking out, and transferring to an oven at 70 ℃ for drying treatment for 8 h.

The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner, but is not limited thereto, and various modifications and improvements can be easily made by those having a certain knowledge in the art. Therefore, it is within the scope of the present invention to make improvements or modifications without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.