1. A preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nano zero-valent iron is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing the modified biomass charcoal, bentonite and limestone powder according to a ratio of 5:2:1, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing spherical particles with the diameter of 3-5 mm by using a disc granulator;

step two: putting the spherical particles into an oven, raising the temperature of the oven to 60 ℃, and drying until the water content is lower than 20%;

step three: putting the dried particles into a stainless steel metal tray, putting the stainless steel metal tray into a muffle furnace, heating the temperature to 100 ℃ at room temperature, keeping the temperature for 1h, heating the temperature to 400 ℃ for calcining for 2h, heating the temperature to 830 ℃ for calcining for 2h, stopping calcining, and naturally cooling to obtain a primary biomass carbon-based filter material;

step four: and pouring the primary biomass charcoal-based filter material into a feeding barrel (4) of a water washing device, starting a motor, washing with water, taking out, and air-drying to obtain the biomass charcoal-based filter material.

2. The preparation method of the nano zero-valent iron-loaded biomass charcoal-based filter material according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the preparation method of the modified biomass charcoal comprises the following specific steps: firstly, mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water is 3.5: 6.5; then adding ferrous salt and biomass carbon into the mixed solution to prepare a mixture; placing the mixture in a conical flask, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, placing in an ultrasonic water bath kettle, performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 deg.C for 5min, vacuum filtering to remove water, and air drying or oven drying at 60 deg.C to obtain modified biomass charcoal.

3. A water washing device adopted in a preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nano zero-valent iron is characterized in that: the cleaning device comprises a shell (1) and a cleaning mechanism arranged inside the shell (1), wherein a cleaning cavity (2) and a discharging cavity (3) are sequentially arranged inside the shell (1) from top to bottom, a feeding barrel (4) is arranged at one end of the top of the shell (1), a discharging opening (5) is formed in one end, away from the feeding barrel (4), of the discharging cavity (3) and the cleaning cavity (2), a guide sieve plate (6) is obliquely arranged inside the discharging cavity (3), a discharging opening (7) is formed in the shell (1) at one end position, away from the discharging opening (5), of the guide sieve plate (6), and the height, close to one end of the guide sieve plate (6), of the guide sieve plate (6) is lower than the height of the other end of the guide sieve plate (6);

the cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning feeding component (8) and a water absorption component (9); wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the cleaning and feeding assembly (8) comprises:

the cleaning device comprises a cleaning cylinder (81) which is horizontally arranged inside a cleaning cavity (2), a telescopic pipe (82) is connected between one end of the cleaning cylinder (81) and a discharge hole (5) of a feeding barrel (4), a discharge pipe (83) is fixed at the bottom of the cleaning cavity (2) at the outer side of the discharge hole (5), the discharge pipe (83) penetrates through the bottom wall of the cleaning cylinder, and water inlet holes are uniformly formed in the outer side of the cleaning cylinder (81);

the rotating shaft (84) is rotatably arranged at the central position inside the cleaning barrel (81), two ends of the rotating shaft (84) penetrate through the cleaning barrel (81) and are connected with sliding blocks (85) through bearings, the sliding blocks (85) are slidably connected with the side wall of the cleaning cavity (2), and spiral stirring blades (86) are welded on the outer side of the rotating shaft (84) inside the cleaning barrel (81);

two one-way bearings (87) arranged outside the rotating shaft (84) at both ends of the cleaning cylinder (81), and a gear (88) is assembled outside the one-way bearings (87);

the two racks (89) are vertically fixed at the bottoms of the cleaning cavities (2) on one sides of the two gears (88), and the racks (89) are meshed with the gears (88); and

the driving piece (810) is arranged at the top of the shell (1) and is used for driving the cleaning barrel (81) to move up and down;

the water absorption assembly (9) comprises:

the cleaning device comprises a cleaning cavity (2), a negative pressure cylinder (91) and a water outlet pipe (93), wherein the negative pressure cylinder (91) is fixed at the top of the cleaning cavity (2), the top of the negative pressure cylinder (91) is provided with the water inlet pipe (92) and the water outlet pipe (93) respectively, the water inlet pipe (92) and the water outlet pipe (93) are provided with a one-way valve I (94) and a one-way valve II (95) respectively, and the other end of the water inlet pipe (92) extends to the bottom end inside the discharging cavity (3);

the piston (96) is arranged inside the negative pressure cylinder (91) in a sliding mode, a piston rod (97) is arranged at the bottom of the piston (96), and the bottom end of the piston rod (97) is fixedly connected with the cleaning cylinder (81).

4. The preparation method and the water washing device of the nano zero-valent iron-loaded biomass charcoal-based filter material according to claim 1 are characterized in that: the driving piece (810) comprises a supporting plate (8101) fixed to the top of the shell (1), a plurality of rods (8102) rotatably arranged between the supporting plate (8101) and the feed barrel (4), a sleeve (8103) sleeved on the plurality of rods (8102), a hinged rod (8104) fixed to the outer side of the sleeve (8103), a sliding rod (8105) vertically fixed to the center of the top of the cleaning barrel (81) and hinged to the bottom end of the hinged rod (8104), and a motor (8106) used for driving the plurality of rods (8102) to rotate.

Background

In the sewage treatment process, filtration is often a necessary link, and good filter materials can filter out a large amount of pollutants in the filtration link, thereby bringing great convenience to the subsequent links.

The nanometer zero-valent iron is a novel nanometer environment functional material which is developed rapidly in the field of water pollution treatment at home and abroad in recent years, has the characteristics of wide source, high reaction activity, low treatment cost and the like, can remove organic or inorganic pollutants in water through various reactions such as reduction, micro-electrolysis, adsorption, precipitation and the like, and particularly has great advantages in the aspect of heavy metal treatment of sewage, so that the nanometer zero-valent iron is widely researched and applied, but also has the characteristics of being easy to be oxidized and passivated, being agglomerated in an aqueous solution and being difficult to separate and the like. For example, in chinese patent publication No. CN209923097U, "sewage treatment system based on nano zero-valent iron", nano zero-valent iron is loaded on modified diatom ooze for reduction treatment of sewage, and then assisted with flocculation, filtration and other steps, but diatom ooze has poor water resistance and belongs to water-soluble materials, and thus, diatom ooze is easily dispersed and loses efficacy in long-term soaking.

However, the biomass charcoal with good pore performance is an increasing carrier for nano zero-valent iron at present, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN108722356A, "a method for preparing a nano zero-valent iron-loaded hydrophilic porous biochar composite material" overcomes the defects that nano zero-valent iron is easily agglomerated and is difficult to separate when nano zero-valent iron is simply used in the prior art, but the process of the composite material prepared by the method is complex, and the amorphous state of the material also obstructs the application range of the composite material.

In conclusion, the technical means based on the medium loaded nano zero-valent iron is the expansion of the application range of the nano zero-valent iron, and the technical problem mainly solved by the invention is how to optimize the preparation process to improve the cost performance of the composite material.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nano zero-valent iron and a water washing device to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nano zero-valent iron comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing the modified biomass charcoal, bentonite and limestone powder according to a ratio of 5:2:1, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing into spherical particles with the diameter of 4mm by a disc granulator;

step two: putting the spherical particles into an oven, raising the temperature of the oven to 60 ℃, and drying until the water content is lower than 20%;

step three: putting the dried particles into a stainless steel metal tray, putting the stainless steel metal tray into a muffle furnace, heating the temperature to 100 ℃ at room temperature, keeping the temperature for 1h, heating the temperature to 400 ℃ for calcining for 2h, heating the temperature to 830 ℃ for calcining for 2h, stopping calcining, and naturally cooling to obtain a primary biomass carbon-based filter material;

step four: and pouring the primary biomass charcoal-based filter material into a feeding barrel 4 of a water washing device, starting a motor, washing with water, taking out, and air-drying to obtain the biomass charcoal-based filter material.

Preferably, in the first step, the preparation method of the modified biomass charcoal comprises the following specific steps: firstly, mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water is 3.5: 6.5; then adding ferrous salt and biomass carbon into the mixed solution to prepare a mixture; placing the mixture in a conical flask, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, placing in an ultrasonic water bath kettle, performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 deg.C for 5min, vacuum filtering to remove water, and air drying or oven drying at 60 deg.C to obtain modified biomass charcoal.

A water washing device adopted in a preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nano zero-valent iron comprises a shell and a washing mechanism arranged in the shell, wherein a washing cavity and a discharging cavity are sequentially arranged in the shell from top to bottom, a feeding barrel is arranged at one end of the top of the shell, a discharging hole is arranged between the discharging cavity and the washing cavity and at the end far away from the feeding barrel, a material guide sieve plate is obliquely arranged in the discharging cavity, a discharging hole is formed in the shell at the position, far away from the discharging hole, of one end of the material guide sieve plate, and the height of the end, close to the material guide sieve plate, of the material guide sieve plate is lower than the height of the other end of the material guide sieve plate;

the cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning feeding component and a water absorbing component; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the washing pay-off subassembly includes:

the cleaning device comprises a cleaning barrel, a feeding barrel and a discharging hole, wherein the cleaning barrel is horizontally arranged in a cleaning cavity, a telescopic pipe is connected between one end of the cleaning barrel and the discharging hole of the feeding barrel, a discharging pipe is fixed at the bottom of the cleaning cavity outside the discharging hole and penetrates through the bottom wall of the cleaning barrel, and water inlet holes are uniformly formed in the outer side of the cleaning barrel;

the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged at the central position in the cleaning barrel, two ends of the rotating shaft penetrate through the cleaning barrel and are connected with sliding blocks through bearings, the sliding blocks are slidably connected with the side wall of the cleaning cavity, and spiral stirring blades are welded on the outer side of the rotating shaft in the cleaning barrel;

the two one-way bearings are arranged on the outer sides of the rotating shafts at the two ends of the cleaning cylinder, and gears are assembled on the outer sides of the one-way bearings;

the two racks are vertically fixed at the bottoms of the cleaning cavities on one sides of the two gears, and the racks are meshed with the gears; and

the driving piece is arranged at the top of the shell and used for driving the cleaning barrel to move up and down;

the water absorption assembly comprises:

the negative pressure cylinder is fixed at the top of the cleaning cavity, the top of the negative pressure cylinder is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe respectively, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are provided with a one-way valve I and a one-way valve II respectively, and the other end of the water inlet pipe extends to the bottom end in the discharging cavity;

the piston is arranged inside the negative pressure cylinder in a sliding mode, a piston rod is arranged at the bottom of the piston, and the bottom end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the cleaning cylinder.

Preferably, the driving member comprises a supporting plate fixed at the top of the shell, a plurality of rods rotatably arranged between the supporting plate and the feeding barrel, a sleeve arranged on the plurality of rods, a hinge rod fixed at the outer side of the sleeve, a sliding rod vertically fixed at the central position of the top of the cleaning barrel and hinged with the bottom end of the hinge rod, and a motor for driving the plurality of rods to rotate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention obtains shaped particles through the steps of ultrasonic strengthening physical modification of ferrous salt solution and granulation by a turntable, accelerates the reduction of ferrous and the absorption of carbon pores through high-temperature calcination, ensures that nano zero-valent iron is more firmly fixedly planted and absorbed in the carbon pores, wherein, bentonite mainly plays a role in bonding and is beneficial to the forming of a filter material, and limestone can be decomposed into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO) when being added and calcined at the high temperature of 830 DEG C₂) Wherein the overflow of carbon dioxide from the granules makes the pore structure more abundant and the washing of calcium oxide (CaO) after calcination to calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)₂Plays a role in bonding and improves the strength of the filter material, thereby ensuring that the final spherical particle type filter material can effectively ensure the form of the filter material when absorbing sewage impurities and other pollutants in the use process and can be repeatedly used after gas washing and water washing.

(2) The washing device is provided with the cleaning feeding component, in the washing process, only the filter material is placed into the feeding barrel, the driving component is started, the driving component drives the washing barrel to move up and down, the one-way bearing is in a movable state in the downward movement process of the washing barrel, at the moment, the gear is meshed with the rack, the gear rotates, the driving shaft does not rotate, namely, the spiral stirring blade on the outer side of the driving shaft does not rotate, the washing barrel moves downward to enable the filter material in the washing barrel to sink into water for washing, the filter material can be prevented from floating upwards, in the upward movement process of the washing barrel, the one-way bearing is in a locking state, the gear is meshed with the rack, the gear rotates to drive the driving shaft to rotate, namely, the spiral stirring blade on the outer side of the driving shaft rotates to drive the material in the washing barrel to move towards the right side, the filter material enters the discharging cavity through the discharging pipe, and the filter material in the feeding barrel is automatically replenished into the washing barrel, so that automatic cleaning is realized, Discharging and supplementing materials; and set up the subassembly that absorbs water, at the driving piece drive wash bowl in-process that reciprocates, the wash bowl passes through the piston rod and drives piston reciprocating motion about negative pressure cylinder is inside, produces suction, can arrange the inside water of material intracavity portion because the filter material carries the department and lead into inside the washing chamber again.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water washing apparatus according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a housing; 2. a cleaning chamber; 3. a discharge cavity; 4. a charging barrel; 5. a discharge port; 6. a material guiding sieve plate; 7. a discharge outlet; 8. a washing and feeding component; 81. a cleaning cylinder; 82. a telescopic pipe; 83. a discharge pipe; 84. a rotating shaft; 85. a slider; 86. a spiral stirring blade; 87. a one-way bearing; 88. a gear; 89. a rack; 810. a drive member; 8101. a support plate; 8102. a rod shaped like a Chinese character 'ji'; 8103. a sleeve; 8104. a hinged lever; 8105. a slide bar; 8106. a motor; 9. a water absorbing assembly; 91. a negative pressure cylinder; 92. a water inlet pipe; 93. a water outlet pipe; 94. a one-way valve I; 95. a second one-way valve; 96. a piston; 97. a piston rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: a preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nano zero-valent iron comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: mixing the modified biomass charcoal, bentonite and limestone powder according to a ratio of 5:2:1, adding a proper amount of water, and preparing into spherical particles with the diameter of 4mm by a disc granulator;

step two: putting the spherical particles into an oven, raising the temperature of the oven to 60 ℃, and drying until the water content is lower than 20%;

step three: putting the dried particles into a stainless steel metal tray, putting the stainless steel metal tray into a muffle furnace, heating the temperature to 100 ℃ at room temperature, keeping the temperature for 1h, heating the temperature to 400 ℃ for calcining for 2h, heating the temperature to 830 ℃ for calcining for 2h, stopping calcining, and naturally cooling to obtain a primary biomass carbon-based filter material;

step four: and pouring the primary biomass charcoal-based filter material into a feeding barrel 4 of a water washing device, starting a motor, washing with water, taking out, and air-drying to obtain the biomass charcoal-based filter material.

In this embodiment, in the first step, the preparation method of the modified biomass charcoal includes the following specific steps: firstly, mixing absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water to prepare a mixed solution, wherein the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the deionized water is 3.5: 6.5; then adding ferrous salt and biomass carbon into the mixed solution to prepare a mixture; placing the mixture in a conical flask, stirring for 5min by a magnetic stirrer, placing in an ultrasonic water bath kettle, performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 deg.C for 5min, vacuum filtering to remove water, and air drying or oven drying at 60 deg.C to obtain modified biomass charcoal.

As shown in fig. 1, a water washing device used in a preparation method of a biomass charcoal-based filter material loaded with nanoscale zero-valent iron comprises a housing 1 and a washing mechanism arranged inside the housing 1, wherein the inside of the housing 1 is sequentially provided with a washing chamber 2 and a discharging chamber 3 from top to bottom, one end of the top of the housing 1 is provided with a feeding barrel 4, one end between the discharging chamber 3 and the washing chamber 2, which is far away from the feeding barrel 4, is provided with a discharging port 5, the inside of the discharging chamber 3 is obliquely provided with a guide sieve plate 6, a discharging port 7 is arranged on the housing 1 at the position of one end of the guide sieve plate 6, which is far away from the discharging port 5, and the height of one end of the guide sieve plate 6, which is close to the guide sieve plate 6, is lower than the height of the other end of the guide sieve plate 6;

the cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning feeding component 8 and a water absorption component 9; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the cleaning and feeding assembly 8 comprises:

the cleaning barrel 81 is horizontally arranged in the cleaning cavity 2, a telescopic pipe 82 is connected between one end of the cleaning barrel 81 and the discharge port 5 of the feeding barrel 4, a discharge pipe 83 is fixed at the bottom of the cleaning cavity 2 outside the discharge port 5, the discharge pipe 83 penetrates through the bottom wall of the cleaning barrel, and water inlet holes are uniformly formed in the outer side of the cleaning barrel 81;

the rotating shaft 84 is rotatably arranged at the central position inside the cleaning barrel 81, two ends of the rotating shaft 84 penetrate through the cleaning barrel 81 and are connected with a sliding block 85 through a bearing, the sliding block 85 is slidably connected with the side wall of the cleaning cavity 2, and a spiral stirring blade 86 is welded on the outer side of the rotating shaft 84 inside the cleaning barrel 81;

two one-way bearings 87 provided outside the rotating shaft 84 at both ends of the cleaning cylinder 81, and gears 88 fitted outside the one-way bearings 87;

two racks 89 vertically fixed at the bottom of the cleaning cavity 2 at one side of the two gears 88, the racks 89 and the gears 88 are meshed with each other; and

a driving member 810 arranged at the top of the housing 1 for driving the cleaning cylinder 81 to move up and down;

the water absorption assembly 9 includes:

the negative pressure cylinder 91 is fixed at the top of the cleaning cavity 2, the top of the negative pressure cylinder 91 is respectively provided with a water inlet pipe 92 and a water outlet pipe 93, the water inlet pipe 92 and the water outlet pipe 93 are respectively provided with a one-way valve I94 and a one-way valve II 95, and the other end of the water inlet pipe 92 extends to the bottom end inside the discharging cavity 3;

the piston 96 is slidably disposed inside the negative pressure cylinder 91, a piston rod 97 is disposed at the bottom of the piston 96, and the bottom end of the piston rod 97 is fixedly connected with the cleaning cylinder 81.

In this embodiment, the driving member 810 includes a supporting plate 8101 fixed on the top of the housing 1, a rod 8102 rotatably disposed between the supporting plate 8101 and the feeding barrel 4, a sleeve 8103 sleeved on the rod 8102, a hinge rod 8104 fixed on the outer side of the sleeve 8103, a sliding rod 8105 vertically fixed on the central position of the top of the cleaning barrel 81 and hinged to the bottom end of the hinge rod 8104, and a motor 8106 for driving the rod 8102 to rotate.

The working principle is as follows: when the automatic cleaning device is used, only the filter material is placed into the feeding barrel 4, the driving piece 810 is started, the driving piece 810 drives the cleaning barrel 81 to move up and down, the one-way bearing 87 is in a movable state in the downward movement process of the cleaning barrel 81, at the moment, the gear 88 is meshed with the rack 89, the gear 88 rotates, the driving shaft 84 does not rotate, namely, the spiral stirring blade 86 on the outer side of the driving shaft 84 does not rotate, the cleaning barrel 81 downwards enables the filter material in the cleaning barrel to be immersed in water for water cleaning, the floating of the filter material can be avoided, in the upward movement process of the cleaning barrel 81, the one-way bearing 87 is in a locking state, the gear 88 is meshed with the rack 89, the gear 88 rotates to drive the driving shaft 84 to rotate, namely, the spiral stirring blade 86 on the outer side of the driving shaft 84 rotates to drive the material in the cleaning barrel 81 to move towards the right side, the filter material enters the discharging cavity 3 through the discharging pipe 83, and the feeding barrel 4 automatically replenishes the filter material into the cleaning barrel 81 to realize automatic cleaning, Discharging and supplementing materials; and set up water absorption assembly 9, in the in-process that driving piece 810 drives wash bowl 81 and reciprocates, wash bowl 81 drives piston 96 through piston rod 97 and reciprocates from top to bottom in negative pressure cylinder 91 inside, produces suction, can be with arranging inside the material chamber 3 because the water of filter material department of carrying is leading into inside washing chamber 2 again.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.