Charcoal making process and device based on constant-temperature carbonization
1. A charcoal making process based on constant temperature carbonization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
screening: screening out hard impurities in the material to be carbonized;
powder lot: crushing the material to be carbonized to the size below 2 cm;
drying: drying the material to be carbonized through a drying furnace until the moisture content is 16-20%;
carbonizing: heating the material to be carbonized from 250-350 ℃ to 560-750 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, and maintaining for 20-35 Min after the temperature is stabilized to form the carbon material;
carbon discharging: and cooling the carbon material by a water cooler to obtain the prepared carbon.
2. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1, wherein before the drying step, the charcoal making process further comprises:
baking: heating the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace at a heating rate lower than 5 ℃/Min, keeping the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace for 20Min to 40Min after the temperature per liter is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, continuing to heat until the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace is raised to the respective required target temperature, and controlling the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace to be kept at the respective target temperature for 48 hours to 72 hours.
3. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1, further comprising:
emergency operation: in the carbonization process, if the carbonization furnace is powered off, the speed reducer W of the carbonization furnace is rotated at an interval Ts before the power supply of the carbonization furnace is recovered, wherein T and W are associated with the temperature rise rate in the carbonization step and the temperature of each part of the carbonization furnace.
4. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1, wherein the water cooling machine is a water cooling screw, and the water cooling screw is four-stage cooling.
5. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 1, wherein the screening step comprises:
vibrating screen: placing the material to be carbonized on a vibrating screen and vibrating for 15-20 min; and
magnetic screening: and (4) enabling the vibrating screen to generate magnetism 1-4 min before the vibrating screen finishes vibrating until the screening step is finished.
6. The constant temperature carbonization-based char preparation process of claim 1, wherein prior to the sieving step, the char preparation process further comprises:
crushing: and carrying out primary crushing on the material to be carbonized, conveying the material to be carbonized with the size within 6-8 cm after the primary crushing to a screening machine, and carrying out secondary crushing on the material to be carbonized with the size larger than 8 cm.
7. The constant temperature carbonization-based char preparation process of claim 6, wherein after the breaking step, the char preparation process further comprises:
air drying: controlling a fan in the air drying device to air-dry the crushed material to be carbonized at the air speed of 8-11 m/s.
8. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 7, wherein in the air drying step, the air flow after air drying the material to be carbonized is introduced into a drying furnace and a combustion furnace of a carbonization furnace.
9. The constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to claim 7, further comprising:
and (3) conducting cooling liquid in the water cooler after heat exchange with the carbon material to a heat exchange disc on the air outlet side of the fan through heat exchange so as to cool the cooling liquid through air flow of the fan, and drying the crushed material to be carbonized by utilizing the air flow after heat exchange.
10. The utility model provides a system charcoal device based on constant temperature carbomorphism which characterized in that includes:
the grinder is used for grinding the material to be carbonized to the size below 2 cm;
the screening machine is used for removing hard impurities in the material to be carbonized;
the drying furnace is used for drying the material to be carbonized until the moisture content is 16-20%;
the carbonization furnace is used for heating the material to be carbonized from 250-350 ℃ to 560-750 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, and maintaining for 20-35 minutes after the temperature is stabilized to form the carbonized material;
and the water cooler is used for cooling the carbon material through the water cooler to obtain the prepared carbon.
Background
The activated carbon is a carbon adsorbent with selective adsorption performance, and can be prepared by taking inorganic or organic carbon-containing materials such as coal, fruit shells, wood chips and the like as raw materials and carrying out physical high-temperature activation or chemical activation by medicines.
When the activated carbon is prepared, the raw materials such as coal, fruit shell, wood dust and the like are carbonized into carbon materials, and then the carbon materials are activated to obtain the activated carbon. The quality of the carbon material therefore has a decisive influence on the quality of the activated carbon. Among the parameters of the carbon material, the specific surface area (referring to the total area of the material per unit mass) of the carbon material is a key factor influencing the quality of the activated carbon.
However, the existing carbon making process not only has small specific surface area of the prepared carbon material, but also has low carbon material yield and low production efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a constant-temperature carbonization-based carbon preparation process, aiming at improving the specific surface area and the yield of a carbon material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
screening: screening out hard impurities in the material to be carbonized;
powder lot: crushing the material to be carbonized to the size below 2 cm;
drying: drying the material to be carbonized through a drying furnace until the moisture content is 16-20%;
carbonizing: heating the material to be carbonized from 250-350 ℃ to 560-750 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, and maintaining for 20-35 Min after the temperature is stabilized to form the carbon material;
carbon discharging: and cooling the carbon material by a water cooler to obtain the prepared carbon.
In an embodiment, before the drying step, the charcoal making process further includes:
baking: heating the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace at a heating rate lower than 5 ℃/Min, keeping the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace for 20Min to 40Min after the temperature per liter is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, continuing to heat until the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace is raised to the respective required target temperature, and controlling the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace to be kept at the respective target temperature for 48 hours to 72 hours.
In one embodiment, the char-making process further comprises:
emergency operation: in the carbonization process, if the carbonization furnace is powered off, the speed reducer W of the carbonization furnace is rotated at an interval Ts before the power supply of the carbonization furnace is recovered, wherein T and W are associated with the temperature rise rate in the carbonization step and the temperature of each part of the carbonization furnace.
In one embodiment, the water cooler is a water-cooled screw, and the water-cooled screw is four-stage cooling.
In one embodiment, the screening step comprises:
vibrating screen: placing the material to be carbonized on a vibrating screen and vibrating for 15-20 min; and
magnetic screening: and (4) enabling the vibrating screen to generate magnetism 1-4 min before the vibrating screen finishes vibrating until the screening step is finished.
In an embodiment, before the sieving step, the char-making process further comprises:
crushing: and carrying out primary crushing on the material to be carbonized, conveying the material to be carbonized with the size within 6-8 cm after the primary crushing to a screening machine, and carrying out secondary crushing on the material to be carbonized with the size larger than 8 cm.
In an embodiment, after the step of crushing, the char-making process further comprises:
air drying: controlling a fan in the air drying device to air-dry the crushed material to be carbonized at the air speed of 8-11 m/s.
In one embodiment, during the air drying step, the air flow after air drying the material to be carbonized is guided to a drying furnace and a combustion furnace of a carbonization furnace.
In one embodiment, the char-making process further comprises:
heat exchange: and (3) guiding cooling liquid which exchanges heat with the carbon material in the water cooling machine to a heat exchange disc on the air outlet side of the fan so as to cool the cooling liquid through the airflow of the fan, and drying the crushed material to be carbonized by utilizing the airflow after heat exchange.
The invention also provides a constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making device, which comprises:
the grinder is used for grinding the material to be carbonized to the size below 2 cm;
the screening machine is used for removing hard impurities in the material to be carbonized;
the drying furnace is used for drying the material to be carbonized until the moisture content is 16-20%;
the carbonization furnace is used for heating the material to be carbonized from 250-350 ℃ to 560-750 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, and maintaining for 20-35 minutes after the temperature is stabilized to form the carbonized material;
and the water cooler is used for cooling the carbon material through the water cooler to obtain the prepared carbon.
It can be understood that the constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process can greatly improve the yield of the charcoal material and the specific surface area of the charcoal material by screening out hard impurities in the material to be carbonized, and by controlling the temperature rise rate, the final carbonization temperature and the carbonization time of the material to be carbonized in the carbonization process. Therefore, compared with the existing carbon preparation process, the carbon preparation process has the advantages of high carbon material yield and large specific surface area of the carbon material.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a constant-temperature carbonization-based carbon production process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making device according to the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout is to include three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" and including either scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes in which both A and B are satisfied. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a constant-temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process comprises the following steps:
screening: screening out hard impurities in the material to be carbonized;
powder lot: crushing the material to be carbonized to the size below 2 cm;
drying: drying the material to be carbonized through a drying furnace until the moisture content is 16-20%;
carbonizing: heating the material to be carbonized from 250-350 ℃ to 560-750 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, and maintaining for 20-35 Min after the temperature is stabilized to form the carbon material;
carbon discharging: and cooling the carbon material by a water cooler to obtain the prepared carbon.
In the above steps, the screening step can screen out the hard impurities in the material to be carbonized, so that on one hand, the hard impurities can be prevented from damaging a pulverizer required by the powder step, and on the other hand, the hard impurities can be prevented from causing negative influence on the carbonization of the material to be carbonized.
In the powder material step, the material to be carbonized can be crushed by a crusher so as to be convenient for quick drying and full carbonization of the material to be carbonized. In the carbonization process, although the smaller the size of the material to be carbonized is, the more beneficial the drying rate and the carbonization rate of the material to be carbonized are to be improved, correspondingly, the time and the cost required for crushing the material to be carbonized are also gradually increased. Experiments prove that when the size of the material to be carbonized is below 2cm, better drying efficiency and carbonization speed can be obtained, and the cost required by powder is saved.
The drying step can reduce the moisture in the material to be carbonized so as to avoid the negative influence of excessive moisture in the material to be carbonized on carbonization. However, the material to be carbonized contains certain moisture before carbonization, and the material to be carbonized can be cracked in the carbonization process, so that the carbonization effect can be improved. Therefore, if the moisture content in the material to be carbonized in the drying step is less than 16%, the carbonization effect of the material to be carbonized is adversely affected. Practice proves that in the drying process, the moisture in the material to be carbonized is kept at about 18 percent, so that the specific surface area (the total area of the material per unit mass) and the yield of the carbon material are improved, the energy requirement for drying the material to be carbonized is reduced, and the drying time is saved. In addition, the drying step is also beneficial to improving the temperature of the material to be carbonized, so as to save the time required by the temperature rise and heat absorption of the material to be carbonized in the carbonization step.
For the carbonization step, the main purpose of carbonization is: discharging volatile matters and water of the molding material in the material to be carbonized; the strength of the carbonized material is improved, so that the pitch component in the coal tar forms a basic carbon skeleton; the carbon particles are formed into primary pores. In the carbonization step, most of the non-carbon elements (such as hydrogen, oxygen, etc.) in the material to be carbonized are first removed in gaseous form due to pyrolysis of the material to be carbonized, and the elemental carbon atoms combine to form an ordered crystalline product known as elementary graphite crystallites. Charring not only determines the mechanical strength grade of the final product, but also determines the pore structure characteristics and the conventional adsorption performance index grade of the final product.
Specifically, in the carbonization process, the final carbonization temperature has a great influence on the yield of the carbon material. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the high temperature rise rate can wash out more tar and coal gas from the material, and reduce the yield of the carbonized material; and when the heating rate is lower, the material is heated in a low-temperature region for a long time, the selectivity of the pyrolysis reaction is stronger, the initial pyrolysis breaks the weaker bonds in the material molecules, and the parallel and sequential thermal polycondensation reaction is carried out to form a structure with higher thermal stability, so that the volatile matter yield of high-temperature pyrolysis precipitates is reduced, and the higher yield of a solid carbonization product (namely a carbon material) is obtained.
In the embodiment, the material to be carbonized is heated from 250 ℃ to 350 ℃ to 560 ℃ to 750 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/Min to 10 ℃/Min. Practice proves that higher carbon yield can be obtained when the temperature rise rate is controlled to be 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min. When the temperature rise rate is controlled to be within the interval of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, the number of small pores (pores with the pore diameter less than 9 nm) and the number of large pores (pores with the pore diameter more than 200 nm) in the carbon material are large, and the surface area of the small pores is larger than that of the large pores, so that the porosity of the carbon material is reduced, but the specific surface area of the finished carbon material is increased. Alternatively, when the temperature increase rate is 5 ℃/Min, not only the yield of the carbon material is high, but also the specific surface area of the carbon material is large.
Specifically, the carbonization device adopted in the present embodiment is a rotary carbonization furnace, the temperature of the head (end for charging the material to be carbonized) and the temperature of the tail (end for discharging the material) of the carbonization furnace are different, and the temperature of the carbonization furnace gradually increases from the head to the tail. The carbonization furnace can rotate gradually in the carbonization process so as to push the material to be carbonized from the furnace head to the furnace tail through the helical blade in the furnace, and further gradually heat the material to be carbonized. In this embodiment, after the carbonization furnace is heated, the temperature of the furnace tail is between 250 ℃ and 350 ℃, so that after drying, when the carbonized material enters the carbonization furnace, the initial temperature is between 250 ℃ and 350 ℃, the temperature can be gradually increased to 560 ℃ to 750 ℃ along with the movement of the carbonized material in the carbonization furnace, and the carbonized material is kept for 20min to 35min after moving to the furnace tail of the carbonization furnace (i.e. after the temperature is stabilized), so as to complete the final carbonization process.
Among these, the final carbonization temperature directly affects the specific surface area and strength of the carbonized material. When the temperature is too low, the carbonized product cannot form enough mechanical strength; when the temperature is too high, graphite microcrystals in the carbonized product can be promoted to change orderly, and pores among the microcrystals are reduced, so that the carbonized material is too hard, and the quality of the carbonized material is influenced. Experiment shows that when the final carbonization temperature is controlled in 560-750 deg.c, the formed carbonized product has excellent mechanical strength and great specific surface area. The carbonized product has the characteristics of both strength and specific surface area, and is particularly obvious when the carbonization temperature is 650 ℃.
It is worth mentioning that the time from entering the carbonization furnace to leaving the carbonization furnace is between 2 hours and 4 hours, that is to say, the duration of the whole carbonization process is between 2 hours and 4 hours.
In the step of carbon discharging, the carbon material can be cooled by a water-cooling spiral, the carbon material is cooled to 25-30 ℃, the cooling is considered to be finished, and the cooled carbon material is output at the moment, so that the required matrix carbon can be obtained. Optionally, to improve the cooling effect of the water-cooling spiral, the water-cooling spiral can be cooled in four stages.
It can be understood that the constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making process can greatly improve the yield of the charcoal material and the specific surface area of the charcoal material by screening out hard impurities in the material to be carbonized, and by controlling the temperature rise rate, the final carbonization temperature and the carbonization time of the material to be carbonized in the carbonization process. Therefore, compared with the existing carbon preparation process, the carbon preparation process has the advantages of high carbon material yield and large specific surface area of the carbon material.
It should be noted that the material to be carbonized may be one or more of raw materials such as fruit shell, raw coal, wood waste, etc.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments, prior to the drying step, the char-making process of the present application further comprises:
baking: heating the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace at a heating rate lower than 5 ℃/Min, keeping the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace for 20Min to 40Min after the temperature per liter is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, continuing to heat until the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace is raised to the respective required target temperature, and controlling the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace to be kept at the respective target temperature for 48 hours to 72 hours.
Specifically, if the temperature rises rapidly during the ignition of the cooling furnace, the refractory material of the furnace body does not expand in time and the furnace body is damaged, and therefore, the drying furnace and the carbonization furnace need to be dried before the production of the coal. During the operation of the oven, the oven and the carbonization furnace are heated at a temperature rise rate of less than 5 ℃/Min. The drying furnace and the carbonization furnace in the heating and cooling state are heated at the heating rate, so that the problem that the furnace body is damaged due to rapid heating of the drying furnace and the carbonization furnace can be solved. The current temperature is kept for 20min to 40min after the temperature of the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace is controlled to be 50 ℃ to 80 ℃ per liter, so that the furnace body can be heated in stages, the furnace body has enough expansion time under different temperature gradients, and the safety of the furnace body is ensured to the maximum extent.
In addition, the target temperature refers to the final temperature required to be heated by the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace in the drying stage, and is associated with the actual working temperature of the drying furnace and the carbonization furnace, so that the target temperature can be adaptively adjusted according to the actual production conditions. The reason for controlling the carbonization furnace and the drying furnace to be kept at the respective target temperatures for 48 to 72 hours is to ensure the safety of production to the maximum extent by causing the furnace body to be fully heated and expanded.
Therefore, the charcoal making process of the technical scheme of the application can greatly improve the production safety through the operation of the oven before production.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, the char-making process of the present application further comprises:
emergency operation: in the carbonization process, if the carbonization furnace is powered off, the speed reducer W of the carbonization furnace is rotated at an interval Ts before the power supply of the carbonization furnace is recovered, wherein T and W are associated with the temperature rise rate in the carbonization step and the temperature of each part of the carbonization furnace.
It is worth mentioning that, because the carbonization furnace needs to rotate in the carbonization process to move the material to be carbonized from the furnace head to the furnace tail, if a power failure accident occurs in the carbonization process, the carbonization furnace stops rotating, and at the moment, the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace is static in the carbonization furnace, so that the carbonization is stopped, and the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace is continuously heated to cause a broken material and influence on subsequent production. In order to avoid the above problems, at this time, the speed reducer of the carbonization furnace can be manually rotated to rotate the carbonization furnace, thereby ensuring that the carbonization process is continued.
Specifically, the rotation interval T of the carbonization path speed reducer and the rotation speed angle W of the speed reducer are related to the temperature rise rate in the carbonization step and the temperature of each part of the carbonization furnace, so that the rotation frequency and the rotation angle of the carbonization furnace can be calculated according to the temperature rise rate and the temperature of each part of the carbonization furnace during actual production, and further the rotation speed of the manual rotation carbonization furnace is basically consistent with the rotation speed of the carbonization furnace during automatic rotation, so as to ensure that the carbonization process can be continuously carried out. Illustratively, if the carbonization furnace is powered off, the speed reducer of the carbonization furnace can be rotated by 15-25 degrees at intervals of 20-40 seconds.
It is worth mentioning that after the carbonization furnace is powered off, the standby generator can be used for generating power to supply power to the carbonization furnace.
In this embodiment, the screening step includes:
vibrating screen: placing the material to be carbonized on a vibrating screen and vibrating for 15-20 min; and
magnetic screening: and (4) enabling the vibrating screen to generate magnetism 1-4 min before the vibrating screen finishes vibrating until the screening step is finished.
Specifically, the screening step is achieved by means of a screening machine, which comprises a vibrating screen, a driving mechanism and a magnetic mechanism, wherein the driving mechanism can drive the vibrating screen to vibrate up and down, and the magnetic mechanism is an electromagnet mechanism which can enable the vibrating screen to generate magnetism or eliminate the magnetism of the vibrating screen.
Specifically, when hard impurities in the material to be carbonized are screened, the material to be carbonized can be conveyed to a vibrating screen, and the driving mechanism is controlled to drive the vibrating screen to vibrate for 15-20 min, so that the hard impurities in the material to be carbonized, such as sand, metal and the like, can fall from meshes of the vibrating screen to separate the impurities such as sand and the like from the material to be carbonized. And the vibrating screen generates magnetism 1-4 min before the vibrating screen finishes vibrating, and magnetic impurities such as metal and the like which are not screened in the material to be carbonized can be attracted by the magnetic vibrating screen, so that the screening effect of the screening machine on the material to be carbonized is improved. The vibration time of the vibrating screen is controlled to be maintained within 15-20 min, the vibration time is less than 15min, the vibration screening effect is reduced, most impurities in the carbonized material are screened after the vibration time is more than 20min, the vibration time is continuously prolonged, the screening effect is not remarkably improved, and the energy cost and the time cost required by screening are increased. Therefore, the vibration duration of the vibrating screen is controlled to be 15-20 min, so that a better screening effect can be obtained, and the screening cost is favorably reduced. The magnetic generation time of the vibrating screen is controlled to be 1-4 min, and the method is based on the screening effect and the cost of the magnetic screen. Specifically, when the magnetizing time of the vibrating screen is less than 1min, the magnetic impurities in the carbonized material are not easy to screen, and when the magnetizing time of the vibrating screen is more than 4min, the screening effect of the residual magnetic impurities in the carbonized material cannot be effectively improved, and the screening cost is not easy to control.
It can be understood that the hard impurities in the material to be carbonized can be greatly removed through the matching of the vibrating screen and the magnetic screen.
It is worth to be noted that after the screening of the material to be carbonized of the current batch is finished and before the screening of the material to be carbonized of the next batch, the vibration net can be controlled to eliminate magnetism, and the vibration net is controlled to continuously vibrate for 2min to 3min, so that the magnetic impurities adsorbed on the vibration net fall off.
As shown in fig. 4, before the sieving step, the char-making process of the present application further comprises:
crushing: and carrying out primary crushing on the material to be carbonized, conveying the material to be carbonized with the size within 6-8 cm after the primary crushing to a screening machine, and carrying out secondary crushing on the material to be carbonized with the size larger than 8 cm.
Specifically, the material to be carbonized can be subjected to primary crushing through the crusher, and the material to be carbonized after the primary crushing is conveyed to the screening machine, wherein the working precision of the crusher is low, so that after the primary crushing, all the materials to be carbonized can not meet the size requirement of 6 cm-8 cm, the material to be carbonized with the size larger than 8cm can be conveyed back to the crusher through crossing the screening machine for secondary crushing, and the material to be carbonized with the size meeting the requirement can be subjected to subsequent screening or powder operation.
The crushing operation is carried out on the material to be carbonized before the screening and crushing operation is carried out on the material to be carbonized, so that the volume of the material to be carbonized can be greatly reduced, the screening of hard impurities in the material to be carbonized in the screening step can be facilitated, and the hardware requirement on a screening machine can be reduced; on the other hand, the powder step can be conveniently executed.
As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, after the step of crushing, the char-making process of the present application further comprises:
air drying: controlling a fan in the air drying device to air-dry the crushed material to be carbonized at the air speed of 8-11 m/s.
It can be understood that the material to be carbonized is crushed before being crushed, the basic unit size of the material to be carbonized is reduced after crushing (for example, wood piles are changed into wood residues), at the moment, the crushed material to be carbonized is dried by the air drying device, the drying of the material to be carbonized can be accelerated, and in the air drying process, the impurities with lighter mass in the crushed material to be carbonized can be screened out along with the air drying flow.
In some embodiments, the air flow after air-drying the material to be carbonized is directed to a drying furnace and a combustion furnace of a carbonization furnace when the air-drying step is performed.
In particular, the combustion furnace is used for supplying heat to a drying furnace and a carbonization furnace.
It can be understood that the air flow after the material to be carbonized is air-dried, i.e. the air flow blown out from the air drying device, is guided to the drying furnace and the combustion furnace of the carbonization furnace, and not only can the combustion furnace be assisted by the air flow to burn, but also certain combustible substances, such as wood chips and the like, can be carried by the air-dried air flow, and the combustible substances can assist the combustion of the combustion furnace. Therefore, the airflow for air-drying the material to be carbonized is guided to the combustion furnace, so that the combustion intensity of the combustion furnace is improved.
As shown in fig. 6, on the basis of the above embodiment, the carbon making process of the present application further includes:
heat exchange: and (3) guiding cooling liquid which exchanges heat with the carbon material in the water cooling machine to a heat exchange disc on the air outlet side of the fan so as to cool the cooling liquid through the airflow of the fan, and drying the crushed material to be carbonized by utilizing the airflow after heat exchange.
Specifically, air-dry device still includes the heat transfer dish, and the air-out side of fan is located to this heat transfer dish, and the water inlet of this heat transfer dish and the delivery port intercommunication of water-cooling equipment, this heat transfer dish delivery port and water-cooling equipment's water inlet intercommunication, so, after the coolant liquid in the water-cooling machine and the heat transfer of charcoal material, can flow to the heat transfer dish, and then can rely on the fan to cool off. The temperature of the air flow blown out by the fan is increased after the air flow exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the heat exchange disc, the air flow is changed from cold air to hot air, the material to be carbonized is air-dried by the hot air, and the air drying effect of the air drying device on the material to be carbonized can be improved.
Can understand, with in the cooling liquid drainage to the heat transfer dish of fan air-out side behind the heat transfer with charcoal material heat transfer in the water-cooled machine to utilize the air current after the heat transfer to dry the material of treating the carbonization after the breakage, not only can assist the heat dissipation of cooling liquid in the water-cooled machine, still be favorable to improving the air-dry effect that the carbonization material was treated to air-dry device.
As shown in fig. 7, the present invention further provides a constant temperature carbonization-based charcoal making apparatus, which includes:
a pulverizer 110 for pulverizing the material to be carbonized to a size of below 2 cm;
the screening machine 120 is used for removing hard impurities in the material to be carbonized;
the drying furnace 130 is used for drying the material to be carbonized until the moisture content is 16-20%;
the carbonization furnace 140 is used for heating the material to be carbonized from 250-350 ℃ to 560-750 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/Min-10 ℃/Min, and maintaining for 20-35 minutes after the temperature is stabilized to form the carbonized material;
and the water cooler 150 is used for cooling the carbon material through the water cooler to obtain the prepared carbon. The constant-temperature carbonization-based carbon preparation device can realize the constant-temperature carbonization-based carbon preparation process, so that the device at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical scheme of the embodiment, and the details are not repeated herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
