1. The basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material is characterized in that: the components of the coating comprise basalt fibers, a surface covering layer, thermosetting resin and a curing agent, wherein the surface covering layer is a silicon-based high-molecular polymer.

2. The basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the components are as follows in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of basalt fiber, 1-5 parts of a surface covering layer and 30-50 parts of thermosetting resin and curing agent.

3. The basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the basalt fiber is one of a basalt fiber plain weave fabric, a basalt fiber twill fabric or a multi-axial fabric.

4. The basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the thermosetting resin is one of cyanate ester resin, bismaleimide resin or epoxy resin.

5. The basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the silicon-based high molecular polymer is modified polysiloxane.

6. The basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material of claim 5, wherein: the modified polysiloxane is hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, vinyl-terminated methylvinyl polysiloxane, epoxy-modified polysiloxane or polyether-modified polysiloxane.

7. A preparation method of a basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) uniformly coating a layer of silicon-based high-molecular polymer on the surface of the basalt fiber;

(2) uniformly coating resin on the basalt fiber fabric to prepare a prepreg;

(3) cutting and laying the prepreg, wherein the number of layers of the prepreg is selected according to the thickness requirement of a product;

(4) and (3) performing pre-curing by adopting a die pressing process, and performing post-curing on the wave-transparent composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven.

Background

The basalt fiber has the characteristics of excellent mechanical property, good corrosion resistance, high and low temperature resistance and the like, is a novel green environment-friendly inorganic fiber material with excellent comprehensive performance and high cost performance, and has wide application prospect in the field of national defense and military industry.

The basalt fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material can be applied to the field of wave-transmitting materials such as antenna covers and radar covers. However, the application of the basalt fiber has the following two problems that (1) the basalt fiber has smooth surface and low chemical activity, and is not beneficial to the bonding with a resin matrix; (2) the dielectric constant of the basalt fiber is 5-6, and the basalt fiber is difficult to meet the wave-transmitting performance requirements of high-end application fields such as a radome when being directly used.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the surface of the basalt fiber is treated, and a layer of low-dielectric polymer is covered on the surface of the basalt, so that on one hand, the problem of poor interface bonding between the basalt fiber and a resin matrix is solved, and the mechanical property of the composite material is improved; on the other hand, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the basalt fiber are greatly reduced, so that the performance of the basalt fiber can meet the technical requirements of the application fields such as radar covers.

In view of the above, the present invention provides a basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material, which comprises basalt fiber, a surface covering layer, thermosetting resin and a curing agent, wherein the surface covering layer is a silicon-based high molecular polymer.

Specifically, the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 50-70 parts of basalt fiber, 1-5 parts of a surface covering layer and 30-50 parts of thermosetting resin and curing agent.

Specifically, the basalt fiber fabric is one of a basalt fiber plain fabric, a basalt fiber twill fabric and a basalt fiber multi-axial fabric.

Specifically, the thermosetting resin is one of cyanate ester resin, bismaleimide resin or epoxy resin.

Specifically, the silicon-based high molecular polymer is modified polysiloxane or modified organic silicon resin.

Specifically, the modified polysiloxane includes hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, vinyl-terminated methylvinylpolysiloxane, epoxy-modified polysiloxane, polyether-modified polysiloxane, or the like.

Specifically, the modified silicone resin includes methyl silicone resin, vinyl silicone resin, and the like.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the basalt fiber wave-transparent composite material, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly coating a layer of silicon-based high-molecular polymer on the surface of the basalt fiber;

(2) uniformly coating resin on the basalt fiber fabric to prepare a prepreg;

(3) cutting and laying the prepreg, wherein the number of layers of the prepreg is selected according to the thickness requirement of a product;

(4) and (3) performing pre-curing by adopting a die pressing process, and performing post-curing on the wave-transparent composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) on one hand, the problem of poor interface bonding between basalt fibers and a resin matrix is solved, and the mechanical property of the composite material is improved; on the other hand, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of the basalt fiber are greatly reduced, so that the performance of the basalt fiber can meet the technical requirements of the application fields such as radar covers and the like;

(2) the basalt fiber with high strength and low cost is adopted to replace quartz fiber, so that the cost of the wave-absorbing composite material is reduced by 50%, and the mechanical property is improved by 30%.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

(1) the areal density of the alloy is 200g/m²Uniformly coating a layer of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane on the surface of the basalt fiber plain weave fabric;

(2) uniformly coating cyanate resin on basalt fiber fabric to prepare prepreg, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber fabric to the resin is 70: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas;

(3) cutting the prepreg into the size of 300mm by 300mm, and laying 12 layers together to prepare a wave-transmitting composite material with the thickness of 3 mm;

(4) the pre-curing is carried out by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the pre-curing temperature is 180 ℃ and 2 hours. And post-curing the composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven at 220 ℃ for 2 hours.

Comparative example 1:

(1) selecting the surface density of 200g/m²According to the basalt fiber plain woven fabric, cyanate resin is uniformly coated on the basalt fiber woven fabric to prepare the prepreg, and the mass ratio of the basalt fiber woven fabric to the resin is 70: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas;

(2) cutting the prepreg into the size of 300mm by 300mm, and laying 12 layers together to prepare a wave-transmitting composite material with the thickness of 3 mm;

(3) the pre-curing is carried out by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the pre-curing temperature is 180 ℃ and 2 hours. And post-curing the composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven at 220 ℃ for 2 hours.

Example 2:

(1) the areal density of the nano-particles is 300g/m²Uniformly coating a layer of epoxy modified polysiloxane on the surface of the basalt fiber multi-axial fabric;

(2) the bismaleimide resin is uniformly coated on the basalt fiber fabric to prepare a prepreg, and the mass ratio of the basalt fiber fabric to the resin is 65: 35;

(3) cutting the prepreg into the size of 300mm by 300mm, and laying 8 layers together to prepare a wave-transmitting composite material with the thickness of 3 mm;

(4) the pre-curing is carried out by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the pre-curing temperature is 200 ℃ and 2 hours. And post-curing the composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven, wherein the post-curing temperature is 250 ℃ and 2 hours.

Comparative example 2:

(1) the selected surface density is 300g/m²According to the basalt fiber multiaxial fabric, bismaleimide resin is uniformly coated on the basalt fiber fabric to prepare a prepreg, and the mass ratio of the basalt fiber fabric to the resin is 65: 35;

(2) cutting the prepreg into the size of 300mm by 300mm, and laying 8 layers together to prepare a wave-transmitting composite material with the thickness of 3 mm;

(3) the pre-curing is carried out by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the pre-curing temperature is 200 ℃ and 2 hours. And post-curing the composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven, wherein the post-curing temperature is 250 ℃ and 2 hours.

Example 3:

(1) the areal density of the alloy is 150g/m²Uniformly coating a layer of polyether modified polysiloxane on the surface of the basalt fiber twill fabric;

(2) uniformly coating epoxy resin on basalt fiber fabric to prepare a prepreg, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fiber fabric to the resin is 75: 25;

(3) cutting the prepreg into the size of 300mm by 300mm, and laying 16 layers together to prepare a wave-transmitting composite material with the thickness of 3 mm;

(4) the pre-curing is carried out by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the pre-curing temperature is 150 ℃ and 2 hours. And post-curing the composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven, wherein the post-curing temperature is 180 ℃ and 2 hours.

Comparative example 3:

(1) selecting the surface density of 150g/m²According to the basalt fiber twill fabric, epoxy resin is uniformly coated on the basalt fiber fabric to prepare a prepreg, and the mass ratio of the basalt fiber fabric to resin is 75: 25;

(2) cutting the prepreg into the size of 300mm by 300mm, and laying 16 layers together to prepare a wave-transmitting composite material with the thickness of 3 mm;

(3) the pre-curing is carried out by adopting a mould pressing process, wherein the pre-curing temperature is 150 ℃ and 2 hours. And post-curing the composite material prepared by die pressing by using an oven, wherein the post-curing temperature is 180 ℃ and 2 hours.

The dielectric properties of the examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table:

dielectric properties	Example 1	Example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3
							Dielectric constant	3.6	3.9	4.1	4.8	5.3	5.9
Dielectric loss	0.007	0.008	0.009	0.025	0.032	0.046