1. A blasthole semi-continuous air spacer device comprising a semi-continuous air spacing device (11), said semi-continuous air spacing device (11) comprising an outer cylindrical shell (1), characterized in that: the inner cylindrical shell (2) is arranged at the axis of the outer cylindrical shell (1), the outer cylindrical shell (1) and the inner cylindrical shell (2) are connected through a connecting plate (4), and the connecting plate (4) divides the space between the outer cylindrical shell (1) and the inner cylindrical shell (2) into a plurality of arc-shaped cavities (7).

2. A blasthole semi-continuous air spacer device as set forth in claim 1, further comprising: the opening of the arc-shaped cavity (7) is provided with a detachable cover plate (3).

3. A blasthole semi-continuous air spacer device as set forth in claim 2, further comprising: the detachable cover plate (3) is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity (7) through a cover plate clamping groove (5) arranged on the connecting plate (4).

4. A blasthole semi-continuous air spacer device according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the two sides at the upper end and the lower end of the outer cylindrical shell (1) are respectively provided with a connecting column (6), and the plurality of semi-continuous air spacing devices (11) can be connected through the connecting columns (6) and connecting column buckles (14).

5. A blasting construction comprising a blasthole (10), characterized in that: a semi-continuous air spacer (11) and an explosive charge (12) according to claim 4 are arranged in the blast hole (10).

6. A blasting construction as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and a filling material (9) is arranged at an opening of the blast hole (10), a detonator leg wire (8) penetrates through the filling material (9), the lower end of the detonator leg wire (8) penetrates through the inner cylindrical shell (2) and extends to the lower end of the inner cylindrical shell (2), and a detonator (13) is arranged at the lower end of the detonator leg wire (8).

7. A method of installing a blasting structure using a blasting structure according to claim 6, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: drilling blast holes at specified positions according to a blasting design scheme;

step two: checking and accepting the blast holes according to relevant specifications;

step three: filling the explosive (12) to half of the designed explosive height, and placing the detonating detonator (13) in the lower explosive;

step four: the number of the detached cover plates is selected according to the critical diameter of the explosive, the diameter of a cavity of the device is not smaller than the critical diameter of the explosive, meanwhile, the number of the semi-continuous air spacing devices (11) is selected according to the designed spacing height, and when more than 1 semi-continuous air spacing device is used, a plurality of semi-continuous air spacing devices (11) are connected into a whole by using the connecting column buckles (14);

step five: continuously charging the powder to the designed height;

step six: filling the blast hole (10) with a filling material (9).

Background

The open-pit mine mostly adopts a continuous coupling charging mode, and the charging mode has the problems of low center of gravity of a charge column, uneven explosive energy release, poor blasting effect, large blasting vibration and the like. Since professor Suyi H.B Mei Er Nikov of Soviet Union in 1940 firstly put forward the theory of air space charging technology, many researchers have conducted intensive research on the technology, and the theory and practice prove that the technology has the advantages of reducing the unit consumption of explosive, improving the blasting effect, controlling the blasting hazard and the like. After the 70 s in the 20 th century, the air space charging technology began to be used in the deep hole bench blasting in domestic surface mines, and rapidly popularized on a large scale.

The air spaced charging technology is mainly divided into bottom spaced charging, middle spaced charging and top spaced charging according to different spaced positions. Currently, the realization of air space charging technology in blasting engineering mainly depends on various forms of inflatable airbag devices. The basic working principle is that firstly, the uninflated air bag is placed at a designated position in the blast hole, and then the air bag is inflated to expand the air bag, so that the purpose of spaced charging is achieved. For example, the invention patent 'a blast hole air spacer' granted by inner Mongolia Shengwei blasting Limited liability company in 2018 is that the expanded air bag is used for completely filling the whole blast hole to separate a charge column, thereby realizing the purpose of spaced charging. When the middle spaced charging is implemented by utilizing the air bag type air spacer, the explosive columns are completely isolated into two parts which are not mutually connected up and down after the air bag expands, the two parts of the explosive columns need to be respectively provided with the detonating detonators, the blasting cost is increased, the construction efficiency is reduced, and the practical application of the middle spaced charging technology is directly caused to be less.

Research shows that under the condition of the same length of the spacer, the blasting effect of the middle air space charge is better than that of the top and bottom space charges. Therefore, the air separation device which can solve the problems of increased cost and low efficiency caused by repeated use of the detonator during middle spaced charging is designed to have important practical significance.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a blast hole semi-continuous air spacer device, a blasting structure and an installation method, and solves the problems that when the middle part of the air bag type air spacer is loaded with powder at intervals, the powder columns are completely isolated into two parts which are not mutually connected up and down after the air bag expands, and the two parts of powder columns need to be respectively provided with a blasting detonator, so that the blasting cost is increased, and the construction efficiency is reduced.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a semi-continuous air spacer device for a blast hole comprises a semi-continuous air spacer device, wherein the semi-continuous air spacer device comprises an outer cylindrical shell, an inner cylindrical shell is arranged at the axis of the outer cylindrical shell, the outer cylindrical shell and the inner cylindrical shell are connected through a connecting plate, and the space between the outer cylindrical shell and the inner cylindrical shell is divided into a plurality of arc-shaped cavities by the connecting plate.

Preferably, a detachable cover plate is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity.

Preferably, the detachable cover plate is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity through a cover plate clamping groove arranged on the connecting plate.

Preferably, the two sides of the upper end and the lower end of the outer cylindrical shell are respectively provided with a connecting column, and the plurality of semi-continuous air spacing devices can be connected through the connecting columns and the connecting column buckles.

A blasting structure comprises a blast hole, wherein a semi-continuous air spacing device and explosives are arranged in the blast hole.

Preferably, a filling material is arranged at an opening of the blast hole, a detonator leg wire penetrates through the filling material, the lower end of the detonator leg wire penetrates through the inner cylindrical shell and extends to the lower end of the inner cylindrical shell, and a detonator is arranged at the lower end of the detonator leg wire.

A method of installing a blast structure comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: drilling blast holes at specified positions according to a blasting design scheme;

step two: checking and accepting the blast holes according to relevant specifications;

step three: filling the explosive to half of the designed explosive height, and placing the detonating detonator in the lower explosive;

step four: selecting the number of the detached cover plates according to the critical diameter of the explosive, ensuring that the diameter of a cavity of the device is not smaller than the critical diameter of the explosive, selecting the number of the semi-continuous air spacing devices according to the designed spacing height, and connecting a plurality of semi-continuous air spacing devices into a whole by using connecting column buckles when more than 1 semi-continuous air spacing device is used;

step five: continuously charging the powder to the designed height;

step six: filling the filling material to finish the filling of the blast hole.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a blast hole semi-continuous air spacer device, a blasting structure and an installation method. The method has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the semi-continuous air spacer device for the blast holes, the blasting structure and the installation method comprise an inner cylindrical thin-wall structure and an outer cylindrical thin-wall structure which are concentric and have the same height, the thickness of the thin wall ranges from 3 mm to 5mm, the height of the cylindrical thin-wall structure ranges from 500mm, the device is light and easy to carry, 1-4 devices can be flexibly selected according to the designed interval length of the blast holes, connecting columns are fixed on the outer cylindrical surfaces, and the field quick connection of a plurality of devices can be achieved. The diameter of the outer cylinder is 80-240 mm, the diameter of the inner cylinder is 30-50 mm, and the device is suitable for blasting holes with the diameter of 90-250 mm. The inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are connected through 6-8 connecting plates, the length of each connecting plate is 500mm, and the thickness of each connecting plate is 3-5 mm. 6 ~ 8 connecting plates divide the annular cavity between the interior outer cylinder into 6 ~ 8 independent arc cavitys. The inner cylinder is of a hollow structure, the top and the bottom of the inner cylinder are not provided with cover plates, and the inner cylinder is filled with explosive in the explosive charging process to transfer detonation waves. 6 ~ 8 arc cavity bottoms between outer cylinder and the interior cylinder, top respectively have 6 ~ 8 to dismantle the apron, can dismantle the apron and form active connection through fixing the apron draw-in groove on the connecting plate with the connecting plate. When the detachable cover plate of the arc-shaped cavity is opened, the cavity is filled with explosive and takes charge of the task of transmitting detonation waves together with the inner cylindrical cavity; when the removable cover of the arc-shaped cavity is closed, the interior of the cavity is filled with air, and the air space is occupied. The volume of each arc-shaped cavity is 1/6-1/8 of the annular cavity, and the number of the partition plates can be flexibly adjusted according to the field condition so as to control the using number of the cavities, so that the optimal blasting effect is obtained.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a semi-continuous air spacer configuration;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a semi-continuous air spacer configuration;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a plurality of semi-continuous air spacers in a connected state;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a connecting post snap;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a blasthole semi-continuous air spacer device of the present invention in use;

in the figure: 1. an outer cylindrical shell; 2. an inner cylindrical shell; 3. a detachable cover plate; 4. a connecting plate; 5. a cover plate clamping groove; 6. connecting columns; 7. an arc-shaped cavity; 8. a detonator leg wire; 9. a packing material; 10. blast holes; 11. a semi-continuous air spacing means; 12. an explosive; 13. a detonator; 14. a connecting column buckle.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1: the most basic unit for realizing the functions of the invention

The utility model provides a blast hole semicontinuous air spacer device, includes that semicontinuous air spacer device 11 includes outer cylinder shell 1, and the axle center of outer cylinder shell 1 is provided with interior cylinder shell 2, connects through connecting plate 4 between outer cylinder shell 1 and the interior cylinder shell 2, and connecting plate 4 divides into a plurality of arc cavitys 7 with the space between outer cylinder shell 1 and the interior cylinder shell 2.

The semi-continuous air spacer 11 is composed of an inner cylindrical shell 1 and an outer cylindrical shell 2 which are concentric and have the same height, the thickness of the thin wall is 3-5 mm, the height of the cylinder is 500mm, the semi-continuous air spacer 11 is light and easy to carry, and 1-4 semi-continuous air spacers 11 can be flexibly selected according to the designed interval length of the blast hole.

The diameter of the outer cylindrical shell 1 is 80-240 mm, the diameter of the inner cylindrical shell 2 is 30-50 mm, and the cylindrical shell is suitable for a blasting hole with the diameter of 90-250 mm. Outer cylinder shell 1 links to each other with 6 ~ 8 connecting plates 4 between the interior cylinder shell 2, and connecting plate 4 length 500mm, thickness 3 ~ 5 mm. 6 ~ 8 connecting plates 4 divide into 6 ~ 8 independent arc cavities 7 with the toroidal cavity between outer cylindrical shell 1 and the interior cylindrical shell 2. The inner cylindrical shell 2 is of a hollow structure, the top and the bottom of the inner cylindrical shell are not provided with cover plates, and the inner part of the inner cylindrical shell is filled with explosive in the explosive charging process to transfer detonation waves.

Example 2: in order to increase the closure of the arc-shaped cavity 7

On the basis of the embodiment 1, the opening of the arc-shaped cavity 7 is provided with the detachable cover plate 3.

6-8 detachable cover plates 3 are respectively attached to the bottom and the top of the arc-shaped cavity 7, when the detachable cover plates 3 of the arc-shaped cavity 7 are opened, the cavity is filled with explosives, and the explosive and the cavity of the inner cylindrical shell 2 are used for transmitting detonation waves; when the removable cover 3 of the arc-shaped cavity is closed, the interior of the cavity will be filled with air, assuming the task of air separation. The volume of each arc-shaped cavity 7 is 1/6-1/8 of an annular cavity, and the number of the connecting plates 4 can be flexibly adjusted according to the field condition so as to control the using number of the cavities, so that the optimal blasting effect is obtained.

Example 3: determining the manner of mounting the removable cover 3

On the basis of the embodiment 2, a detachable cover plate 3 is arranged at the opening of the arc-shaped cavity 7 through a cover plate clamping groove 5 arranged on the connecting plate 4.

The detachable cover plate 3 is in active connection with the connecting plate 4 through a cover plate clamping groove 5 fixed on the connecting plate 4.

Example 4: connection mode of a plurality of spacing devices

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the connecting columns 6 are arranged on both sides of the upper end and the lower end of the outer cylindrical shell 1, and the plurality of semi-continuous air spacers 11 can be connected through the connecting columns 6 and the connecting column buckles 14.

Example 5: blasting structure comprising the spacing device

On the basis of example 4, a blast hole 10 was included, and the semi-continuous air spacer 11 and explosive 12 of claim 4 were provided in the blast hole 10.

Example 6: packing and detonating structure of blasting structure

On the basis of the embodiment 5, the opening of the blast hole 10 is provided with the packing material 9, the packing material 9 is penetrated with the detonator leg wire 8, the lower end of the detonator leg wire 8 penetrates through the inner cylindrical shell 2 and extends to the lower end of the inner cylindrical shell 2, and the lower end of the detonator leg wire 8 is provided with the detonator 13.

Example 7: installation method of blasting mechanism

Installation method of example 6: a method of installing a blast structure comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: drilling blast holes at specified positions according to a blasting design scheme;

step two: checking and accepting the blast holes according to relevant specifications;

step three: filling the explosive 12 to half of the designed charging height, and placing the detonating detonator 13 in the lower charging;

step four: the number of the detached cover plates is selected according to the critical diameter of the explosive, the diameter of a cavity of the device is not smaller than the critical diameter of the explosive, meanwhile, the number of the semi-continuous air spacing devices 11 is selected according to the designed spacing height, and when more than 1 semi-continuous air spacing device is used, a plurality of semi-continuous air spacing devices 11 are connected into a whole by using the connecting column buckles 14;

step five: continuously charging the powder to the designed height;

step six: and filling the filling material 9 to finish filling the blast hole 10.

The key point of using the device is that the number of the arc-shaped cavity detachable cover plates covered by the device is selected according to the critical diameter (the minimum charge diameter for stable propagation of detonation wave energy under a certain charge density) of the explosive variety. Explosive is filled in the arc-shaped cavity and the inner cylindrical cavity of which the tops and the bottoms are not covered by the detachable cover plate, and the explosive is used as a medium for conducting detonation waves; the arc-shaped cavity of the detachable cover plate is covered at the top and the bottom and is filled with air, so that the aim of air spaced charging is fulfilled.

Through the selective application of the detachable cover plate, the continuity of the propagation of detonation waves on the whole explosive column is ensured while the air spaced charging is realized, so that the problem that the detonating detonators need to be placed in the upper explosive column and the lower explosive column in the air spaced charging at the middle part of the blast hole respectively is solved, the blasting cost is saved, and the construction process is simplified.

In conclusion, the blast hole semi-continuous air spacer device, the blast structure and the installation method reduce the cost of the use of the blast hole middle air spacing technology, simplify the construction process and are beneficial to popularization and application of the blast hole middle air spacing technology; the application of the air space technology in the middle of the blast hole can effectively reduce the unit consumption of mine blasting explosive, obviously improve the blasting effect and effectively control the blasting damage.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.