1. A test method for warhead fragment mass distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, measuring the external dimension of a to-be-measured warhead, and weighing the shell mass and the charging mass of the to-be-measured warhead; refitting the detonating device of the warhead to be tested;

step 2, placing the to-be-tested warhead on a support, enabling the axis of the to-be-tested warhead to be vertical to the ground, and enabling the projectile body head of the to-be-tested warhead to point to the ground; arranging a through target and a vertical target at positions around the support and at different distances from the support, wherein the through target and the vertical target are respectively positioned in a through target arrangement range and a vertical target arrangement range, and the through target arrangement range and the vertical target arrangement range are not intersected; arranging a through target speed measuring system in the through target arrangement range; the vertical targets face the to-be-detected warhead and are not shielded with each other, at least two vertical targets are arranged in the range that the distance from the to-be-detected warhead is 15 x d and is not more than x and not more than 2.5, x is the distance between the vertical targets and the to-be-detected warhead, d is the radius of the to-be-detected warhead, and the unit is m;

step 3, if the speed, the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of fragments generated by the explosion of the projectile body head of the warhead part to be tested need to be tested, laying a horizontal target right below the warhead part to be tested, and placing a horizontal through target which is mutually insulated and has a coincident geometric center on the horizontal target; the geometric center of the lying target is superposed with the projection point of the mass center of the to-be-measured warhead on the ground, and the step 5 is executed; if the bullet head of the warhead to be tested does not need to be tested and fragments are generated by explosion, executing the step 4;

4, detonating the warhead to be tested, and calculating the dispersion angle of the fragments of the warhead to be tested according to the data collected by the vertical target which is positioned in the range that the distance between the vertical target and the warhead to be tested is more than or equal to 15 x d and less than or equal to 2.5; calculating the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be detected according to the data recorded by the target-penetrating speed measuring system; executing the step 6;

step 5, detonating the warhead to be tested, and calculating the flying angle of fragments of the warhead to be tested according to the data collected by the vertical targets and the data collected by the horizontal targets, wherein the distance between the vertical targets and the warhead to be tested is within the range that x is more than or equal to 15 x d and less than or equal to 2.5; calculating the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be detected according to the data recorded by the target-through speed measuring system;

and 6, calculating to obtain accumulated mass distribution data of fragments of the warhead to be measured according to the scattering angle and the speed of the warhead to be measured, which are calculated in the step 4 or the step 5, and the penetration condition of the fragments to the target plate, and fitting the accumulated mass distribution data to obtain the mass distribution of the fragments of the warhead to be measured.

2. The testing method of claim 1, wherein the calculating in step 6 obtains the cumulative mass distribution data of the fragments of the warhead under test by: and calculating the minimum mass of the fragments capable of penetrating through the target plate and the number of the perforations on each target plate by adopting a spherical fragment penetration formula, thereby obtaining the accumulated mass distribution data of the fragments of the warhead to be detected.

3. The testing method of claim 1, wherein the step 6 comprises fitting the cumulative mass distribution data to obtain the mass distribution of the warhead fragments to be tested, wherein the fitting is performed by using Weibull distribution.

4. A warhead fragment mass distribution testing system, comprising: the device comprises a support, a vertical target (2), a through target (10) and a through target speed measurement system (5);

the bracket is used for placing the warhead (1) to be tested, so that the axis of a projectile body of the warhead (1) to be tested is vertical to the ground; arranging a through target (10) and a vertical target (2) at positions, which are different in distance from the support, around the support, wherein the through target (10) and the vertical target (2) are respectively located in a through target arrangement range and a vertical target arrangement range, and the through target arrangement range and the vertical target arrangement range are not intersected; the through target speed measurement system (5) is arranged in the through target arrangement range;

the vertical targets (2) are all placed facing the to-be-detected warhead (1) and are not shielded with each other, at least two vertical targets (2) are arranged within the distance range 15 x d between the vertical targets (2) and the to-be-detected warhead (1) and x between the vertical targets (2) and the to-be-detected warhead (1) and d is the radius of the to-be-detected warhead (1), and the unit is m.

5. The testing system according to claim 4, characterized in that the testing system further comprises a lying target (3) and a lying open target (4), the lying target (3) is positioned right below the battle (1) to be tested, the geometric center of the lying target (3) is coincident with the projection point of the centroid of the battle (1) to be tested on the ground; the horizontal through target (4) is placed on the upper surface of the horizontal target (3), the geometric center of the horizontal through target (4) is overlapped with that of the horizontal target (3), and the horizontal through target (4) is insulated from the horizontal target (3).

6. Test system according to claim 5, characterized in that the lying target (3) is a Q235 steel plate with a length of 2m, a width of 2m and a thickness of 0.004 m.

7. Testing system according to claim 4, characterized in that the vertical target (2) is formed by welding a target plate (6) and a target holder (7).

8. Assay system according to claim 7, wherein the target plate (6) is a Q235 steel plate with a length of 2m, a width of 1.5m and a thickness of 0.004 m.

Background

The fragmentation test usually comprises the steps of putting a projectile in the center of a certain hollow container, placing a medium for decelerating fragments around the container, recovering the fragments after explosion and grouping the fragments according to the mass to obtain the number of fragments in different mass ranges, and fitting the fragment mass distribution data obtained by the test by adopting the Mort distribution or Weibull distribution which is commonly used in engineering to finally obtain a fragment mass distribution model of the projectile.

The commonly used fragmentation test methods for natural fragment projectiles or warheads are sand pit tests and water explosion tests. According to the requirements of the national military standard, the sand pit test device consists of an air chamber, a sand box and a soil pit, wherein the air chamber is a hollow container. Armored steel plates are laid on the periphery of the soil pit, two cylinders with different diameters and heights are arranged in the soil pit, and the soil pit is made of thick paper boards, three-ply boards or horse dung paper. Wherein, the inner cylinder is an air chamber, the outer cylinder is a sand box, and fine sand or sawdust is filled between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to be used as a speed reducing medium. The device for underwater explosion test consists of a water well, an air chamber and a recovery net. The wall surface and the bottom of the well are both paved with steel plates, and the recovery net is arranged at the bottom of the well. Water is poured into the well to serve as a speed reducing medium, and the air chamber is suspended in the center of the well. The air chamber is made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, and the air chamber is required to be guaranteed to be water pressure resistant, airtight and waterproof. Because the traditional fragmentation test needs to be carried out in a certain test device (a soil pit or an explosion water well), in order to ensure that the device is not damaged and the safety of personnel and equipment outside the device is ensured, the size of a projectile or a warhead for the fragmentation test and the TNT equivalent of explosive filled inside the projectile or the warhead are always strictly limited. The allowable TNT equivalent of the existing soil pit and the explosion water well in China is usually not more than 5kg, so that the large-size and large-TNT equivalent warheads such as a large-caliber barrel weapon projectile, a missile warhead, a rocket projectile warhead and the like are difficult to adopt the soil pit and the explosion water well for carrying out the fragmentation test. For such a large equivalent weight warhead, it is common in the prior art to use a reduced-scale warhead for fragmentation testing to obtain fragment mass distribution.

In summary, in the fragmentation test of the reduced-scale warhead, although the reduced-scale warhead and the original-size warhead are generally geometrically similar, the mass distribution of fragments does not satisfy the geometric similarity law, and the prior art does not have a mature and reliable method for converting the fragment mass distribution model obtained in the fragmentation test of the reduced-scale warhead into the fragment mass distribution model of the original-size warhead; in addition, the traditional fragmentation test can only obtain the mass distribution of fragments as a unique parameter, and in order to evaluate the damage capability of the high-speed fragment group generated by the warhead explosion on the target, a comprehensive power test is usually required to be designed to obtain the scattering angle and the velocity distribution of the fragments.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a system for testing the fragment mass distribution of a warhead, which can calculate the fragment mass distribution of the warhead with large size and large internal loading of TNT equivalent explosives according to the penetration condition of fragments to a target plate, the fragment scattering angle and the speed measured by the test.

The invention provides a test method for the mass distribution of fragments of a warhead, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, measuring the external dimension of a to-be-measured warhead, and weighing the shell mass and the charging mass of the to-be-measured warhead; refitting the detonating device of the warhead to be tested;

step 2, placing the to-be-tested warhead on a support, enabling the axis of the to-be-tested warhead to be vertical to the ground, and enabling the projectile body head of the to-be-tested warhead to point to the ground; arranging a through target and a vertical target at positions around the support and at different distances from the support, wherein the through target and the vertical target are respectively positioned in a through target arrangement range and a vertical target arrangement range, and the through target arrangement range and the vertical target arrangement range are not intersected; arranging a through target speed measuring system in the through target arrangement range; the vertical targets face the to-be-detected warhead and are not shielded with each other, at least two vertical targets are arranged in the range that the distance from the to-be-detected warhead is 15 x d and is not more than x and not more than 2.5, x is the distance between the vertical targets and the to-be-detected warhead, d is the radius of the to-be-detected warhead, and the unit is m;

step 3, if the speed, the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of fragments generated by the explosion of the projectile body head of the warhead part to be tested need to be tested, laying a horizontal target right below the warhead part to be tested, and placing a horizontal through target which is mutually insulated and has a coincident geometric center on the horizontal target; the geometric center of the lying target is superposed with the projection point of the mass center of the to-be-measured warhead on the ground, and the step 5 is executed; if the bullet head of the warhead to be tested does not need to be tested and fragments are generated by explosion, executing the step 4;

4, detonating the warhead to be tested, and calculating the dispersion angle of the fragments of the warhead to be tested according to the data collected by the vertical target which is positioned in the range that the distance between the vertical target and the warhead to be tested is more than or equal to 15 x d and less than or equal to 2.5; calculating the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be detected according to the data recorded by the target-penetrating speed measuring system; executing the step 6;

step 5, detonating the warhead to be tested, and calculating the flying angle of fragments of the warhead to be tested according to the data collected by the vertical targets and the data collected by the horizontal targets, wherein the distance between the vertical targets and the warhead to be tested is within the range that x is more than or equal to 15 x d and less than or equal to 2.5; calculating the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be detected according to the data recorded by the target-through speed measuring system;

and 6, calculating to obtain accumulated mass distribution data of fragments of the warhead to be measured according to the scattering angle and the speed of the warhead to be measured, which are calculated in the step 4 or the step 5, and the penetration condition of the fragments to the target plate, and fitting the accumulated mass distribution data to obtain the mass distribution of the fragments of the warhead to be measured.

Further, the mode of obtaining the accumulated mass distribution data of the fragments of the warhead to be measured by calculation in the step 6 is as follows: and calculating the minimum mass of the fragments capable of penetrating through the target plate and the number of the perforations on each target plate by adopting a spherical fragment penetration formula, thereby obtaining the accumulated mass distribution data of the fragments of the warhead to be detected.

Further, in the step 6, the mass distribution of the warhead fragments to be measured is obtained by fitting the accumulated mass distribution data, and the fitting process is carried out by adopting Weibull distribution.

The invention provides a test system for the mass distribution of fragments of a warhead, which comprises: the device comprises a bracket, a vertical target, a through target and a through target speed measuring system;

the bracket is used for placing the warhead to be tested, so that the axis of a projectile body of the warhead to be tested is vertical to the ground; arranging a through target and a vertical target at positions around the support and at different distances from the support, wherein the through target and the vertical target are respectively positioned in a through target arrangement range and a vertical target arrangement range, and the through target arrangement range and the vertical target arrangement range are not intersected; the through target speed measuring system is arranged in the through target arrangement range;

the vertical targets are all placed facing the to-be-detected warhead and are not shielded with each other, at least two vertical targets are arranged within the distance range of 15 x d to 2.5, x is the distance between the vertical targets and the to-be-detected warhead, d is the radius of the to-be-detected warhead, and the unit is m.

Furthermore, the test system also comprises a lying target and a lying through target, the lying target is positioned right below the to-be-tested battle, and the geometric center of the lying target is superposed with the projection point of the mass center of the to-be-tested battle on the ground; the horizontal through target is placed on the upper surface of the horizontal target, the geometric center of the horizontal through target is overlapped with that of the horizontal target, and the horizontal through target and the horizontal target are mutually insulated.

Further, the horizontal target was a Q235 steel plate having a length of 2m, a width of 2m, and a thickness of 0.004 m.

Furthermore, the vertical target is formed by welding a target plate and a target frame.

Further, the target plate was a Q235 steel plate having a length of 2m, a width of 1.5m, and a thickness of 0.004 m.

Has the advantages that:

according to the invention, the penetration condition of a high-speed fragment group generated by the explosion of the warhead to be tested on the target plate is obtained through testing, the fragment scattering angle and the fragment speed are combined, and the mass distribution of fragments is obtained through fitting, so that the problem that the mass distribution of fragments of the warhead with large size and large TNT equivalent explosive filled inside is difficult to directly obtain through testing is solved; meanwhile, the scattering angle and the speed distribution of the fragments can be obtained through a single experiment, the test efficiency is effectively improved, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for testing the mass distribution of fragments in a warhead according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a warhead fragment mass distribution testing system provided by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vertical target used in a warhead fragment mass distribution testing system according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the lateral fragment scattering angle and the head fragment scattering angle of the warhead under test.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the fitting result of the accumulated mass distribution data of the warhead fragments to be measured and the fragment mass distribution obtained by the warhead fragment mass distribution test method provided by the invention.

The method comprises the following steps of 1-a warhead to be tested, 2-a vertical target, 3-a horizontal target, 4-a horizontal through target, 5-a through target speed measuring system, 6-a target plate, 7-a target frame, 8-a blasting point, 9-a distribution area of 90% fragments on the target plate, and 10-a through target.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a test method and a test system for the mass distribution of fragments of a warhead, which have the following basic ideas: arranging a series of target plates which are different in distance from the warhead to be tested around the warhead to be tested, testing penetration conditions of high-speed fragment groups generated by explosion of the warhead to be tested on the target plates, combining fragment scattering angles and speeds measured by tests, calculating accumulated mass distribution data of fragments according to a fragment penetration formula, and fitting the test data by adopting a distribution model on the basis to obtain a fragment mass distribution model of the warhead to be tested.

According to the conventional theory, if natural fragments with different shapes and masses generated by the blast of the warhead are converted into spherical fragments made of the same material according to the principle of equal mass, whether the spherical fragments can penetrate through a target plate with a certain thickness is only related to the mass of the fragments, the storage speed when the fragments act on the target plate and the attack angle of the fragments, and the attack angle of the fragments is determined by the flight angle of the fragments. If the penetration condition of the fragments to the target plate, the storage speed of the fragments and the scattering angle are obtained through tests, the minimum quality of the fragments which can penetrate through the target plate can be calculated by adopting a reliable spherical fragment armor-piercing formula. Because the distances between the vertical targets arranged in the test and the warhead are different, the storing speed of the fragments flying to each vertical target is different, and the minimum mass of the fragments penetrating through each vertical target is different. The method comprises the steps of obtaining the number of the through holes at different vertical targets, calculating to obtain the minimum mass of fragments capable of penetrating through each vertical target, obtaining the accumulated mass distribution data of the fragments, and fitting the data by adopting a distribution model to obtain a mass distribution model of the fragments.

The invention provides a test method of warhead fragment mass distribution, the flow is shown in figure 1, and the test method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, measuring the external dimension of a to-be-measured warhead, and weighing the shell mass and the charging mass of the to-be-measured warhead; and modifying the detonating device of the warhead to be tested, and detonating the warhead to be tested by adopting an electric detonator.

And 2, placing the warhead to be tested on the support, enabling the axis of the warhead to be perpendicular to the ground, and enabling the head of the projectile body to point downwards to the ground. Arranging a through target and a vertical target at different distances from the support around the support, wherein the through target and the vertical target are respectively positioned in a through target arrangement range and a vertical target arrangement range, and the through target arrangement range and the vertical target arrangement range have no intersection; and arranging a target passing speed measuring system in the target passing arrangement range, wherein the target passing speed measuring system is used for testing the average initial speed of the fragments. Wherein, all the vertical targets are placed facing the warhead to be measured and are not shielded from each other; and at least two vertical targets are arranged in the range that the distance from the to-be-measured warhead is not less than 15 x d and not more than 2.5, x is the distance between the vertical target and the to-be-measured warhead, d is the radius of the to-be-measured warhead, and the unit is m.

In order to reduce the influence on the flying of the fragments, the bracket is usually made of wood. The test equipment and the distribution mode are shown in the section of ' method 402 fragment speed ' in GJB 3197-98 cannonball test method '. According to the requirements of the national military standard, the center of mass of the warhead to be measured is 1.5m away from the ground.

And 3, determining whether the speed, the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of fragments generated by the explosion of the projectile head of the warhead to be tested need to be tested according to the appearance of the warhead to be tested or according to specific requirements. If the speed, the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of fragments generated by the explosion of the head of the projectile body need to be measured, laying a horizontal target right below the warhead to be measured, and placing a through target on the horizontal target; the geometric center of the lying target coincides with the projection point of the mass center of the warhead to be measured on the ground, the geometric center of the through target coincides with the geometric center of the lying target, and the lying target and the through target are mutually insulated.

Generally, for the grenades with oval heads, the grenades and other barrel weapon shots, head fragments do not need to be tested; for some missile warheads with planar heads, the head fragments can be tested according to requirements. For the situation that the speed, the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of fragments generated by the explosion of the projectile head need to be measured, the following field distribution mode can be adopted:

firstly, 1 horizontal target is arranged right below the warhead to be tested and used for testing the scattering angle and the mass distribution of the head fragments. Before the lying target is placed, a 1.2m square pit needs to be dug right below the lying target to eliminate the influence of the ground on the test result. The geometric center of the lying target is coincided with the projection point of the mass center of the to-be-measured warhead on the ground. The lying target can be made of Q235 steel with the length of 2m, the width of 2m and the thickness of 0.004 m.

Then, a horizontal through target is placed on the horizontal target and used for testing the speed of the head fragment, and the geometric center of the horizontal through target is coincident with that of the horizontal target. And insulating the horizontal target and the horizontal through target.

4, detonating the warhead to be tested, and calculating the flying angle of the fragments of the warhead to be tested according to the data collected by the vertical targets arranged in the range that the distance between the vertical targets and the warhead to be tested is 15 x d and x is less than or equal to 2.5 and the data collected by the horizontal targets required to be arranged; and calculating the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be detected according to the data recorded by the target passing speed measuring system.

And 4.1, calculating the dispersion angle of the fragments of the warhead to be detected.

Determining the distribution areas of 90% fragments on the vertical target 2-1, the vertical target 2-2 and the horizontal target (distributed according to requirements) which are distributed within the range that the distance between the vertical target and the warhead to be measured is 15 x d and x is less than or equal to 2.5, and measuringMeasuring the data marked in the figure 4, wherein the distance between the vertical target and the warhead to be measured is h₁The distance between the lying target and the warhead to be measured is h₂，h₁And h₂The units of (a) are all m. Calculating the dispersion angle theta of the lateral fragment according to the measured value by adopting the following formula_{Side wall}And the divergence angle theta of the head fragment_{Front side}：

Wherein a is the distance between the projection point of the frying point 8 on the vertical target and the upper boundary of a 90 percent fragment distribution area 9 (rectangular on the vertical target), and the unit is m; b is the distance between the projection point of the frying point 8 on the vertical target and the lower boundary of the 90% fragment distribution area 9, and the unit is m; r is the distance between the projected point of the fry spot 8 on the lying target and the boundary of the 90% fragment distribution area 9 (circular on the lying target) and is m.

The distances between the vertical targets 2-1 and 2-2 and the warhead to be measured are respectively taken as h₁Substituting the formula (1) for calculation, and taking an arithmetic mean value of the calculation results of the vertical target 2-1 and the vertical target 2-2, namely the scattering angle of the lateral fragments of the warhead part to be measured and the scattering angle of the head fragments.

And 4.2, calculating the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be detected.

Calculating to obtain the average initial velocity v of the fragments according to the data recorded by the target-passing velocity measurement system₀(unit is m/s), and the data processing method is shown in the section of ' method 402 fragment speed ' in GJB 3197-98 cannonball test method '. The speed attenuation can be generated under the action of air resistance when the fragments move in the air, and a mature method in engineering is provided for calculating the storage speed v of the fragments flying x meters according to the initial speed of the fragments_i(unit: m/s):

v_i＝v₀exp(-αx_i) (3)

wherein alpha is an attenuation coefficient, and alpha is more than or equal to 0.02 and less than or equal to 0.04 for most steel fragments generated by explosion of a natural fragment warhead.

And 5, calculating the mass distribution of fragments of the warhead to be measured according to the scattering angle and the speed of the warhead to be measured, which are calculated in the step 4.

And (4) according to the test data and the calculation result in the step (4), the penetration condition of the fragments to the target plate, the storage speed of the fragments and the scattering angle can be obtained, so that the minimum quality of the fragments which can penetrate through the target plate can be calculated by adopting a reliable spherical fragment armor piercing formula. Because the distances between the vertical targets arranged in the test and the warhead are different, the storage speed of the fragments flying to each vertical target is different, and the minimum mass of the fragments capable of penetrating through each vertical target is different. Then, the number of the perforations of different vertical targets is obtained, the minimum mass of the fragments capable of penetrating through each vertical target is obtained through calculation, the accumulated mass distribution data of the fragments of the warhead to be measured can be obtained, then, a distribution model is adopted to fit the data, and finally, a mass distribution model of the fragments can be obtained. The specific data processing process is as follows:

step 5.1 let x in formula (3) take x respectively₁、x₂、…、x_i、…、x₁₀，x₁、x₂、…、x_i、…、x₁₀Respectively corresponding to the flying distances of the fragments flying to the vertical targets 2-1, 2-2, … … and 2-10, and the storage speeds of the fragments flying to the vertical targets 2-1, 2-2, …, 2-i, … and 2-10 are v₁、v₂、…、v_i、…、v₁₀Wherein i is the number of the vertical target.

And 5.2, calculating the average impact angle psi of the fragments by adopting a formula (4) according to the data obtained in the step 4:

step 5.3 calculating the minimum mass m of the fragments capable of penetrating each vertical target by adopting the formula (5) of the spherical fragment piercing armor given by the prior art_i(unit: kg):

where ρ is_iIs the density of the target board, p_pThe material of the target plate and the fragments is steel for the density of fragments, so that rho_i＝ρ_p＝7850kg/m³(ii) a h is the thickness of the target plate, and h is 0.004 m; sigma_bFor the tensile strength of the target plate, σ for Q235 steel_b＝375×10⁶Pa. Let v_iGet v respectively₁、v₂、…、v₁₀The minimum mass of the fragments that can penetrate through the vertical targets 1, 2, …, i, …, and 10 was calculated to be m₁、m₂、…、m_i、…、m₁₀。

Step 5.4, counting the number of the penetrating fragments on each vertical target (namely the number of the penetrating holes on the target plate), and respectively recording the number of the penetrating holes on the vertical targets 2-1, 2-2, …, 2-i, … and 2-10 as n₁、n₂、…、n_i、…、n₁₀. The number N of penetrating fragments on the fragment scattering surface is obtained by conversion according to the following formula_i：

Wherein, the number N of penetrating fragments on the fragment flying surface of the vertical target 1 can be obtained by changing i to 1₁. By analogy, the number N of the penetrating fragments on the fragment flying surface of each vertical target in the vertical targets 2-2, …, 2-i, … and 2-10 can be obtained₂、N₃、…、N₁₀。

And 5.5, adopting Weibull distribution fitting commonly used in engineering to obtain a fragment mass distribution model. The Weibull distribution is in the form:

wherein, N (m)_f) Represents a mass of m or more_fThe number of fragments of (a); m is the shell mass of the warhead to be measured, and the unit is g; both μ and β are control parameters for the Weibull distribution. Mu is a proportion parameter, and the unit is g; beta is a shape parameter. Let N (m)_f) Are respectively N₁、N₂、…、N₁₀，m_fAre respectively m₁、m₁、…、m₁₀And fitting to obtain control parameters mu and beta of Weibull distribution by using a least square method.

Based on the test method for the warhead fragment mass distribution provided by the invention, the invention provides a test system for the warhead fragment mass distribution, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a support, a vertical target 2, a horizontal target 3, a through target 10 and a through target speed measurement system 5.

The support is used for placing the warhead part 1 to be tested, so that the axis of the projectile body of the warhead part 1 to be tested is perpendicular to the ground, the center of mass of the warhead part 1 to be tested is 1.5m away from the ground, and the head part and the tail part (detonation end) of the projectile body are downward and upward.

Arranging through targets 10 and vertical targets 2 at positions around the support and at different distances from the support, wherein the through targets 10 and the vertical targets 2 are respectively positioned in a through target arrangement range and a vertical target arrangement range, and the through target arrangement range and the vertical target arrangement range are not intersected; and arranging a target passing speed measuring system 5 in the target passing arrangement range, wherein the target passing speed measuring system 5 is used for testing the average initial speed of the fragments. Wherein, all the vertical targets 2 are placed facing the warhead to be measured and are not shielded from each other; and at least two vertical targets 2 are arranged in the range that the distance from the to-be-measured warhead 1 is 15 x d and is not more than x and not more than 2.5, x is the distance between the vertical target 2 and the to-be-measured warhead 1, d is the radius of the to-be-measured warhead 1, and the unit is m. The vertical target 2 is used for testing the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of the warhead to be tested; the universal target 10 is used for testing the speed of the fragments of the warhead to be tested.

The vertical target 2 is placed perpendicular to the ground, and the vertical target 2 is composed of a target plate 6 and a target holder 7, as shown in fig. 3. The connection mode between the target plate 6 and the target holder 7 is welding, the target plate 6 is made of Q235 steel, and the length, width and thickness of the target plate 6 are 2m, 1.5m and 0.004m respectively. The target stand 7 plays a supporting role for the target plate 6 and ensures that the geometric center of the target plate 6 is 1.5m away from the ground.

For example, for convenience of description, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established on the ground by taking the projection point of the warhead to be measured as an origin, and the test field is divided into four quadrants by two mutually perpendicular coordinate axes. And starting from the upper right corner and clockwise to the upper left corner, and sequentially naming the four quadrants as a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant and a fourth quadrant.

Two vertical targets are arranged in the first quadrant and named as a vertical target 2-1 and a vertical target 2-2 respectively, and the two vertical targets are used for testing the dispersion angle and the mass distribution of the warhead. The distances between the two vertical targets and the warhead are respectively marked as x₁And x₂The units are m. In order to prevent the impact wave generated by the blast of the warhead from acting on the vertical target before the fragments to influence the test result, and simultaneously ensure that the longitudinal action range of the fragment group is less than or equal to the height (2m) of the vertical target and x₁And x₂It should satisfy: x is not less than 15d₁＜x₂Less than or equal to 2.5, wherein d is the radius of the warhead and the unit is m.

And 4 vertical targets are respectively arranged in the second quadrant and the third quadrant and used for testing the mass distribution of the fragments. The 8 vertical targets are named as ' vertical target 2-3 ', ' vertical target 2-4 ', … … ', and ' vertical target 2-10 ', and the distances between the 8 vertical targets and the warhead are respectively marked as x₃、…、x_i、…、x₁₀。x₃、…、x_i、…、x₁₀The values of (A) are respectively 4m, 6m, … … m and 18 m.

And arranging a target-passing speed measuring system in the fourth quadrant to test the average initial speed of the fragments. The test equipment and the distribution mode are shown in the section of ' method 402 fragment speed ' in GJB 3197-98 cannonball test method '.

For the situation that the head fragment of the warhead to be tested needs to be tested, the lying target 3 also needs to be arranged. Specifically, 1 horizontal target 3 is arranged under the warhead to be tested and used for testing the scattering angle and mass distribution of the head fragments. Before the lying target 3 is placed, a 1.2m square pit needs to be dug right below the lying target to eliminate the influence of the ground on the test result. The geometric center of the lying target 3 is coincided with the projection point of the mass center of the to-be-measured warhead on the ground, the length of the lying target 3 is 2m, the width of the lying target is 2m, the thickness of the lying target is 0.004m, and the lying target is made of Q235 steel. Then, a horizontal through target 4 is placed on the horizontal target 3 for testing the speed of the head fragment, and the geometric center of the horizontal through target 4 is coincident with that of the horizontal target 3. The horizontal target and the horizontal universal target need to be insulated.

Example one: and testing the dispersion angle, the speed and the mass distribution of a high-speed fragment group generated by the explosion of the warhead of a certain missile.

1. The shell mass of the warhead to be measured is 6.5kg, and the TNT equivalent of explosive filled in the warhead is about 7.3 kg. The size of the warhead is large, the TNT equivalent of the charged powder exceeds 5kg, and the fragment mass distribution of the warhead cannot be tested by adopting the traditional fragmenting test, so the test method designed by the invention is applied.

2. And (4) modifying the initiating device of the warhead to be tested, opening a hole on the end surface of the explosive expanding column and inserting an electric detonator.

3. The layout was performed as shown in fig. 2.

3.1, determining the distance between the vertical target 2-1 and the vertical target 2-2 and the warhead according to the formula requirement. The radius d of the warhead is 0.067m, and the radius 15d is 1.005 m. Thus, x₁＝1.2m，x₂＝2m。

3.2, the test does not need to test the head fragment of the warhead, so that a horizontal target and a through target for testing the speed of the head fragment are not arranged.

4. And measuring and counting test results after the test, and processing test data to obtain the dispersion angle, the speed and the mass distribution of the fragments.

4.1 angle of divergence of the pieces

The data were measured and the angle of divergence of the lateral fragments calculated according to the requirements of FIG. 4. The test results and the dispersion angles of the vertical targets 2-1 and 2-2 are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 test results and lateral fragment fly-away angles

Name of target plate	h1/m	a/m	b/m	θSide wallDegree of
					Vertical target 1	0.96	0.15	0.45	16.23
Vertical target 2	1.81	0.29	0.86	16.31

The arithmetic mean value of the fly-away angles measured by the vertical target 2-1 and the vertical target 2-2 is obtained, and the fly-away angle of the lateral fragment of the warhead is 16.27 degrees.

4.2 speed of fragmentation

And (3) laying average initial speeds of the lateral fragments of the through target test by referring to a method 402 fragment speed part in a GJB 3197-98 cannonball test method. The distances between the 3 through targets and the warhead are respectively 2.4m, 4m and 8m, and the average time of target landing of the fragments obtained by the test is respectively 1.09ms, 1.66ms and 4.56 ms. The average initial speed of the lateral fragments is calculated to be 2304.71m/s, alpha is taken to be 0.039, and the storage speed of the fragments is obtained as follows: v. of_i＝2304.71exp(-0.039x_i)。

4.3 Mass distribution of the splits

4.3.1, let x_iRespectively 1.2m, 2m, 4m, 6m, 8m, 10m, 12m, 14m, 16m and 18m, calculating to obtain the fragment flying to the vertical target 2-1, the vertical target 2-2, … … and the vertical targetThe storage rates at 2-10, the calculation results are shown in Table 2.

4.3.2 the average impact angle ψ of the fragments was calculated to be 0.30 from the test data shown in table 1.

4.3.3, substituting the speed values shown in the table 2, calculating the minimum mass of the fragments which can penetrate through the vertical targets 2-1, 2-2, … … and 2-10, and the calculation result is shown in the table 2.

4.3.4, statistics of the number of perforations on the vertical targets 2-1, 2-2, … … and 2-10, and the results are shown in Table 2. The number of penetrating fragments on the fragment scattering surface at each vertical target was calculated and found in Table 2.

4.3.5 selection of least squares in Origin software, m shown in Table 2_i、N_iThe fitting was performed and the fitting results are shown in fig. 5. The mass distribution model of the fragments thus obtained is:

TABLE 2 burst storage rate, minimum mass of penetrating bursts, number of perforations, and number of penetrating bursts on the burst fly-off surface per vertical target

In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.