1. The blade is characterized by comprising a front edge (100), a blade body (200) and a tail edge (300) which are arranged in the chordwise direction of the blade, wherein the blade is provided with a blade top (400) and a blade bottom (500) which are oppositely arranged in the height direction of the blade, a plurality of first fork-shaped air film holes (101) are arranged in the front edge (100) in the height direction of the blade, each first fork-shaped air film hole (101) comprises a first flow channel (1012) and a plurality of first fork channels (1011), a cooling working medium cavity (201) is arranged in the blade body (200), one end of the first flow channel (1012) is communicated with the cooling working medium cavity (201), and the other end of the first flow channel (1012) is communicated with the plurality of first fork channels (1011).

2. Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that each of said first forked air film holes (101) comprises three of said first forked passages (1011).

3. The blade of claim 1, wherein an included angle between axial directions of two adjacent first fork paths (1011) of each first forked air film hole (101) is greater than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

4. The blade according to claim 1, wherein the blade body (200) has a first side face and a second side face which are oppositely arranged in the thickness direction thereof, a plurality of second forked air film holes (202) are arranged on any one of the first side face and the second side face, each second forked air film hole (202) comprises a second flow passage (2022) and a plurality of second forked passages (2021), and the second flow passage (2022) is communicated with the cooling working medium cavity (201) and the plurality of second forked passages (2021).

5. The blade according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of blade body air film holes (203) are formed in any one of the first side surface and the second side surface, and the plurality of blade body air film holes (203) are respectively arranged on both sides of the second fork type air film hole (202) in the height direction of the blade.

6. Blade according to claim 5, characterized in that the width of the blade body film holes (203) between the second fork-shaped film holes (202) and the blade bottom (500) from the blade bottom (500) accounts for 10-20% of the height of the blade body (200),

and/or the width of the blade body air film hole (203) between the second fork type air film hole (202) and the blade top (400) from the blade top (400) accounts for 10% -20% of the height of the blade body (200).

7. The blade of claim 5, wherein the ratio of the pitch of the first forked air film holes (101) in the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the first forked passage (1011) is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the pitch of the first forked air film holes (101) in the chord direction of the blade to the aperture of the first forked passage (1011) is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4;

and/or the ratio of the spacing of the second forked type air film holes (202) along the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the second forked passage (2021) is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the spacing of the second forked type air film holes (202) along the chord direction of the blade to the aperture of the second forked passage (2021) is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4;

and/or the ratio of the interval of the blade body air film holes (203) along the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the blade body air film holes (203) is more than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the interval of the blade body air film holes (203) along the chord direction of the blade to the aperture of the blade body air film holes (203) is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4.

8. The blade of claim 4, wherein the second flow passage (2022) and the second branch passage (2021) of the second forked shaped film hole (202) both communicate with the cooling medium cavity (201), and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the second forked shaped film hole (202) is 2 to 3 times the cross-sectional area of the body film hole (203).

9. Blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip (400) is provided with a plurality of ball sockets (402) and a plurality of tip film holes (401), the tip film holes (401) communicating with the cooling medium cavity (201).

10. Blade according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of said sockets (402) and a plurality of said gas film holes (401) are staggered in the chordwise direction of the blade.

11. Blade according to claim 9, characterized in that the aspect ratio of the socket (402) is equal to or greater than 0.1 and equal to or less than 0.3.

12. A turbine, comprising:

a housing;

a blade according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the blade is a plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the casing.

13. A gas turbine comprising a turbine according to claim 12.

Background

Compared with a steam turbine, the gas turbine has a series of advantages of small size, light weight, quick start and the like, and plays an important role in national economy pillar industries of aviation, ships, electric power and the like. The gas turbine mainly comprises: the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine.

In the actual working process of the gas turbine, raising the turbine gas inlet temperature is an effective means for improving the efficiency of the gas turbine, and the turbine gas inlet temperature of the gas turbine exceeds the melting point of the blade at present, which brings a serious challenge to the design of the blade. In the related art, in order to improve the safety of the blade, a high-temperature-resistant thermal barrier coating is generally coated on the blade or a high-temperature-resistant metal material is selected, but the increase speed of the metal temperature resistance is far lower than that of the turbine gas inlet temperature, so that a cooling technology is required to reduce the temperature of the blade. However, the cooling effect of the blade in the related art is poor, and the safety is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the blade with good cooling effect and high reliability.

Embodiments of the present invention also provide a turbine.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a gas turbine.

According to the blade provided by the embodiment of the invention, the blade is provided with a front edge, a blade body and a tail edge which are arranged along the chord direction of the blade, the blade is provided with a blade top and a blade bottom which are oppositely arranged along the height direction of the blade, the front edge is provided with a plurality of first fork-shaped film holes along the height direction of the blade, each first fork-shaped film hole comprises a first flow channel and a plurality of first fork channels, a cooling working medium cavity is arranged in the blade body, one end of each first flow channel is communicated with the cooling working medium cavity, and the other end of each first flow channel is communicated with the first fork channels.

According to the blade provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the blade is cooled, the cooling working medium in the cooling working medium cavity is uniformly dispersed to the plurality of first fork passages through the first flow passage, and then the cooling air film with a larger protection range and more uniformity is formed at the front edge part of the blade, so that the cooling effect at the front edge of the blade is improved, and the reliability of the blade in working is ensured.

In some embodiments, each of the first prong type gas film holes includes three of the first prongs.

In some embodiments, an included angle between axial directions of two adjacent first fork passages of each first fork-shaped film hole is greater than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees.

In some embodiments, the blade body has a first side face and a second side face which are oppositely arranged in the thickness direction of the blade body, a plurality of second forked type air film holes are arranged on any one of the first side face and the second side face, each second forked type air film hole comprises a second flow channel and a plurality of second forked channels, and the second flow channel is communicated with the cooling working medium cavity and the plurality of second forked channels.

In some embodiments, a plurality of blade body film holes are provided in any one of the first side surface and the second side surface, and the plurality of blade body film holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the second fork-shaped film hole in the height direction of the blade.

In some embodiments, the width of the blade body air film hole between the second fork-shaped air film hole and the blade bottom from the blade bottom accounts for 10% -20% of the height of the blade body,

and/or the width between the blade body air film hole between the second fork-shaped air film hole and the blade top accounts for 10-20% of the height of the blade body.

In some embodiments, a ratio between a pitch of the first forked type film holes in a height direction of the blade and an aperture of the first forked passage is 1.5 or more and 3 or less, and a ratio between a pitch of the first forked type film holes in a chordwise direction of the blade and an aperture of the first forked passage is 2 or more and 4 or less; and/or the ratio of the spacing of the second fork-shaped film holes in the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the second fork is greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the spacing of the second fork-shaped film holes in the chord direction of the blade to the aperture of the second fork is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4; and/or the ratio of the interval of the blade body air film holes along the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the blade body air film holes is more than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3, and the ratio of the interval of the blade body air film holes along the chord direction of the blade to the aperture of the blade body air film holes is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4.

In some embodiments, the second flow passage and the second branch passage of the second fork-shaped film hole are both communicated with the cooling medium cavity, and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the second fork-shaped film holes is 2 to 3 times the cross-sectional area of the blade body film hole.

In some embodiments, the tip is provided with a plurality of ball sockets and a plurality of tip film holes, the tip film holes communicating with the cooling medium cavity.

In some embodiments, the plurality of sockets and the plurality of airfoil top film holes are staggered along a chordwise direction of the blade.

In some embodiments, the aspect ratio of the socket is 0.1 or more and 0.3 or less.

The turbine according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a casing and a plurality of blades, the plurality of blades being the blades according to any one of the above embodiments, and the plurality of blades being arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction of the casing.

The turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of good cooling effect and high reliability.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a gas turbine comprises a turbine according to the above embodiment.

The gas turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of good cooling effect and high reliability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blade of an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a blade of an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a in fig. 2.

Reference numerals:

100. a leading edge; 101. a first forked air film hole; 1011. a first fork way; 1012. a first flow passage;

200. a leaf body; 201. cooling the working medium cavity; 202. a second forked air film hole; 2021. a second fork way; 2022. a second flow passage; 203. a leaf aeromembrane pore;

300. a trailing edge; 301. splitting the seam;

400. leaf tops; 401. a leaf top gas film hole; 402. a ball socket;

500. leaf bottom.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

A blade, a turbine and a gas turbine according to embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the blade according to the embodiment of the present invention has a leading edge 100, a blade body 200, and a trailing edge 300 arranged in a chordwise direction (e.g., a left-right direction in fig. 1) thereof, the blade has a blade tip 400 and a blade bottom 500 arranged opposite to each other in a height direction (e.g., an up-down direction in fig. 1) thereof, the leading edge 100 has a plurality of first forked air film holes 101 arranged in the height direction of the blade, each first forked air film hole 101 includes a first flow passage 1012 and a plurality of first forked passages 1011, a cooling medium chamber 201 is provided in the blade body 200, one end of the first flow passage 1012 communicates with the cooling medium chamber 201, and the other end of the first flow passage 1012 communicates with the plurality of first forked passages 1011.

According to the blade provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the blade is cooled, the cooling working medium in the cooling working medium cavity 201 is uniformly dispersed to the plurality of first fork passages 1011 through the first flow passage 1012, and then a cooling air film with a larger protection range and more uniformity is formed at the front edge 100 part of the blade, so that the cooling effect at the front edge 100 of the blade is improved, and the reliability of the blade in working is ensured.

In order for the leading edge 100 to affect as little of the mainstream cooling structure within the blade as possible, a single row of single hole leading edge film holes is typically provided in the related art. The inventor finds that if the front edge air film holes of the single holes in the rows are arranged, the front edge air film holes of the single holes in the rows are not suitable for processing due to the small position size of the front edge 100, and the sprayed cooling working medium is not uniform enough. The first forked air film holes 101 of the embodiment of the invention can uniformly distribute the cooling working medium to each first forked passage 1011 through the first flow passage 1012, so that the leading edge 100 forms a uniform cooling air film, and the processing and the manufacturing are convenient.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, each first forked air film hole 101 includes three first forked passageways 1011. The inventor finds through experimental research that the first forked air film hole 101 of the three-forked type can spray cooling air on the leading edge 100 more uniformly to form a cooling air film to cover all positions of the leading edge 100 than other forked air film hole structures, and the cooling effect is better.

Further, as shown in fig. 3, an included angle between the axial directions of two adjacent first fork paths 1011 of each first forked air film hole 101 is greater than or equal to 30 degrees and less than or equal to 60 degrees. The inventor finds through experimental research that when the included angle between the axial directions of the two adjacent first fork paths 1011 satisfies the above range, the influence on the flow of the high-temperature gas working medium can be reduced, and the cooling working medium can be more quickly injected to the blade leading edge 100, so that a cooling air film with a larger protection range and more uniformity can be quickly formed at the leading edge 100.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the blade body 200 has a first side and a second side which are oppositely arranged in a thickness direction (e.g., a front-back direction in fig. 2) thereof, a plurality of second forked type film holes 202 are provided on either one of the first side and the second side, each second forked type film hole 202 includes a second flow channel 2022 and a plurality of second forked channels 2021, and the second flow channel 2022 is communicated with the cooling medium cavity 201 and the plurality of second forked channels 2021. Optionally, each second prong film hole 202 includes three second prongs 2021. According to the blade, the second forked type air film holes 202 are formed, so that more cooling working media can be sprayed out of the blade body 200 to form a more uniform cooling air film on the blade body 200, and the cooling effect of the blade body 200 is improved.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a plurality of blade body air film holes 203 are provided on either one of the first side surface and the second side surface, and the plurality of blade body air film holes 203 are respectively arranged on both sides of the second fork type air film holes 202 in the height direction of the blade, it can be understood that a part of the blade body air film holes 203 are provided on the upper sides of the plurality of second fork type air film holes 202, and another part of the blade body air film holes 203 are provided on the lower sides of the plurality of second fork type air film holes 202, so that the blade of the embodiment of the present invention can avoid the influence of the second fork type air film holes 202 on the boundary layer flow of the high-temperature gas working medium on the blade tip 400 side and the blade bottom 500 side by providing the blade body air film holes 203 arranged up and down.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the second flow channel 2022 and the second branch channel 2021 of the second fork-shaped film hole 202 are both communicated with the cooling medium cavity 201, and the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the second fork-shaped film holes 202 is 2 to 3 times of the cross-sectional area of the blade body film hole 203, so that more cooling medium is sprayed at the blade body 200 to form a more uniform cooling film at the blade body 200, thereby improving the cooling effect of the blade body 200.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the width of the blade body airfoil aperture 203 between the second fork-type airfoil aperture 202 and the blade base 500 from the blade base 500 is 10% -20% of the height of the blade body 200. The width of the blade body air film hole 203 between the second fork type air film hole 202 and the blade top 400 from the blade top 400 accounts for 10-20% of the height of the blade body 200. In other words, the width of the plurality of blade airfoil film holes 203 located on the upper side of the second forked type film hole 202 accounts for 10% -20% of the height of the blade airfoil 200. The width of the blade body air film holes 203 positioned on the lower side of the second forked air film hole 202 accounts for 10% -20% of the height of the blade body 200, so that the blade of the embodiment of the invention can ensure the formation of the cooling air film of the blade body 200 under the condition of not influencing the main flow as much as possible.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ratio of the pitch of the first forked type air film holes 101 in the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the first forked passage 1011 is 1.5 or more and 3 or less, and the ratio of the pitch of the first forked type air film holes 101 in the chordwise direction of the blade to the aperture of the first forked passage 1011 is 2 or more and 4 or less. The ratio of the pitch of the second forked type film holes 202 in the height direction of the blade to the aperture of the second forked passage 2021 is equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or less than 3, and the ratio of the pitch of the second forked type film holes 202 in the chord direction of the blade to the aperture of the second forked passage 2021 is equal to or greater than 2 and equal to or less than 4. The ratio between the pitch of the blade body air film holes 203 in the height direction of the blade and the aperture of the blade body air film holes 203 is 1.5 or more and 3 or less, and the ratio between the pitch of the blade body air film holes 203 in the chord direction of the blade and the aperture of the blade body air film holes 203 is 2 or more and 4 or less. Through experimental research, the inventor finds that when the first forked type air film hole 101, the second forked type air film hole 202 and the blade body air film hole 203 are arranged in the above mode, the cooling effect of the blade can be further improved, and the operation of the blade is further improved so that the reliability is improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the tip 400 is provided with a plurality of sockets 402 and a plurality of tip film holes 401, the tip film holes 401 being in communication with the cooling working fluid cavity 201. The plurality of ball sockets 402 and the plurality of blade tip air film holes 401 are arranged in a staggered mode along the chord direction of the blade, and the blade of the embodiment of the invention further improves the coupling cooling performance of the blade by arranging the ball socket 402 structure on the blade tip 400. Preferably, the depth-diameter ratio of the ball socket 402 is equal to or greater than 0.1 and equal to or less than 0.3, and the inventor finds, through experimental studies, that the coupling cooling performance of the blade is high when the depth-diameter ratio of the ball socket 402 satisfies the above range.

Specifically, the cooling process of the blade is as follows.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the cooling working medium is sprayed into the cooling working medium cavity 201 from the blade bottom 500, and a part of the cooling working medium is sprayed out from the three first branches 1011 of the first forked air film hole 101, so as to form a cooling air film on the leading edge 100 to isolate the high-temperature fuel gas of the leading edge 100. The other part of the cooling working medium is sprayed out from the second forked type air film hole 202 and the blade body air film hole 203 in the middle of the blade body 200, and a cooling air film is formed on the surface of the blade body 200 to improve the cooling effect. The other part of the cooling working medium is sprayed to the blade tip 400 from the blade tip air film hole 401, a cooling air film is formed on the blade tip 400, and a cooling air vortex is formed in the ball socket 402, so that the high-temperature fuel gas is isolated from contacting with the blade tip 400. Finally, the rest part of the cooling working medium is discharged from the cleft 301 of the tail edge 300 and is rapidly mixed with the main flow of the high-temperature fuel gas.

According to another aspect of the invention, the turbine comprises a shell and a plurality of blades, wherein the blades are blades according to the embodiment of the invention, and the plurality of blades are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shell.

According to the gas turbine of the embodiment of the invention, which comprises the turbine of the embodiment, the cooling effect of the gas turbine of the embodiment of the invention is better, and the reliability is high.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.