1. The manufacturing method of the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps: firstly, pretreating graphite flakes, graphite oxide or short fibers, and blending the pretreated graphite flakes, graphite oxide or short fibers with a polymer; secondly, extruding the graphite-polymer composite material by using an extruder and a laminator, preparing a graphite-polymer composite material film by using a casting film machine head, uniformly dispersing all components of the film, and realizing pre-orientation; thirdly, the extruded composite material film is cut into fiber strips through a cutting device at a machine head; fourthly, the fiber strips are drawn at high speed through a drawing orientation device to realize secondary orientation and sizing; fifthly, weaving the oriented fiber strips by a fiber strip weaving device, laying by adopting meridian-oblique crossing weaving, and integrally hot-pressing the woven cloth after laying; sixthly, performing cross-linking treatment on the woven fiber stripe cloth; and seventhly, carbonizing and graphitizing the crosslinked cloth in a high-temperature furnace to obtain the carbon fiber cloth.

2. The method for manufacturing a multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the first step, graphite flakes or graphite oxide are mixed with a polymer to prepare a graphite-polymer composite material, wherein the graphite-polymer composite material comprises the step of pretreating graphite to further improve the interface bonding effect of the graphite and the polymer.

3. The method for manufacturing a multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and fourthly, carrying out high-speed traction by using a fiber strip production machine to realize secondary orientation and shaping, wherein the thickness of the shaped ribbon-shaped precursor is hundreds of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers, and the width of the shaped ribbon-shaped precursor is dozens of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers.

4. The method for manufacturing a multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and in the fifth step, the graphite-polymer fiber strips are taken as basic weaving units, a meridian-oblique crossing weaving structure is adopted for weaving, a fiber strip weaving machine is utilized for weaving a multi-layer fiber orientation structure, a model structure is formed by alternately laying meridian layers and oblique crossing layers, meridian layers are formed by crosswise weaving the fiber strips at 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and oblique crossing layers are formed by crosswise weaving the fiber strips at 45 degrees and 45 degrees.

5. The method for manufacturing a multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and sixthly, performing crosslinking treatment on the graphite-polymer ribbon precursor woven cloth by utilizing radiation crosslinking or oxidation crosslinking to obtain a thermocuring state.

6. The method for manufacturing a multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbonization-graphitization equipment in the seventh step is a high-temperature furnace or a laser device.

7. The method for manufacturing a multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber sheet as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polymer matrix adopts PE, PVC, PEEK or PI.

Background

The carbon fiber has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, national defense and military industry, automobiles, ships, sports goods and the like. Carbon fiber is used as a key material in various key industries, the production and the sale of the carbon fiber are monopolized by developed countries such as Japan, America, Germany and the like, and related technologies are used for blocking China. China achieves certain achievements in the aspect of high-performance carbon fibers, but certain differences are still existed compared with foreign countries, and meanwhile, due to the existence of a carbon fiber skin-core structure and a microporous structure, the difference between the actual comprehensive performance of the carbon fibers and a theoretical value is large. The carbon fiber precursor can be divided into Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fiber, pitch-based carbon fiber, viscose-based carbon fiber and phenolic aldehyde-based carbon fiber according to different matrixes, wherein the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -based carbon fiber accounts for most of the market share, the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is made of non-renewable petroleum and is high in price, and the PAN-based carbon fiber is produced by a method, namely wet spinning and dry-spray wet spinning, wherein a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) organic solvent used in the production process has certain toxicity to a human body, has permeability to the skin of the human body, and has common symptoms of dizziness, vomiting and the like. During the pre-oxidation process of the PAN protofilament, part of cyano groups are removed in the form of HCN in the cyclization reaction, and the PAN protofilament has certain toxicity. Therefore, a new substitute precursor is sought, so that the carbon fiber is low in cost, low in toxicity and non-toxic in the production process, and the method has important significance for the sustainable development of the carbon fiber.

In the aspect of use, at present, a carbon fiber braided fabric is formed mainly in a form of carbon fiber tows by braiding the carbon fiber tows, and carbon fiber cloth or carbon fiber plates and the like are formed by adhering and laying materials such as epoxy resin and the like, for example, as in chinese patent CN106496744A and the like, the braiding mode of the carbon fiber tows has low braiding efficiency, poor braiding flexibility and long complex process period. Meanwhile, the resin material is adopted to weave the layer, so that the carbon fiber composite material has poor high temperature resistance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a multi-oriented laminated carbon fiber sheet, comprising the steps of: firstly, pretreating graphite flakes, graphite oxide or short fibers, and blending the pretreated graphite flakes, graphite oxide or short fibers with a polymer; graphite flakes or graphite oxide are mixed with a polymer to prepare a graphite-polymer composite material, wherein the graphite-polymer composite material comprises the step of pretreating graphite to further improve the interface bonding effect of the graphite and the polymer. In the later carbonization and graphitization process, the graphite flakes or graphite oxide grow into graphite micro-sheets at a high temperature, and are overlapped with each other in a layer structure, so that a strong-acting mesh structure is formed in the polymer by induction; secondly, extruding the graphite-polymer composite material by using an extruder and a laminator, preparing a graphite-polymer composite material film by using a casting film machine head, uniformly dispersing all components of the film, and realizing pre-orientation; thirdly, the extruded composite material film is cut into fiber strips through a cutting device at a machine head; fourthly, the fiber strips are drawn at high speed through a drawing orientation device to realize secondary orientation and sizing; carrying out high-speed traction by using a fiber strip production machine to realize secondary orientation and shaping, wherein the thickness of the shaped ribbon-shaped precursor is hundreds of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers, and the width of the shaped ribbon-shaped precursor is dozens of micrometers to hundreds of micrometers; fifthly, weaving the oriented fiber strips by a fiber strip weaving device, laying by adopting meridian-oblique crossing weaving, and integrally hot-pressing the woven cloth after laying; sixthly, performing crosslinking treatment on the woven fiber stripe cloth by adopting a crosslinking treatment device, wherein radiation crosslinking, oxidation crosslinking and the like can be adopted; and seventhly, carbonizing and graphitizing the crosslinked cloth in a high-temperature furnace to obtain the carbon fiber cloth.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, which mainly comprises a laminated extrusion part, a stretching orientation part, a fiber weaving part, a cross-linking curing part and a high-temperature carbonization and graphitization part. Wherein, the lamination extrusion comprises an extruder, a laminator, a casting film head and the like; the stretching orientation part adopts a fiber strip production machine; the fiber strip weaving part adopts a fiber strip weaving machine; the high-temperature carbonization part utilizes a graphitization furnace or a laser device.

In the method for manufacturing the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, the laminating extrusion part of an extruder is connected with a laminator, and a plurality of sets of multi-section laminators are used in series, so that the dispersibility of graphite in the composite material is enhanced, and the graphite-polymer composite material is pre-oriented. The size of the outlet of the laminator can be determined according to the width of the composite material film, the laminator is connected with a casting film machine head, then the laminator is connected with a slitting cutting assembly, and the prepared composite material film is slit to obtain the graphite-polymer ribbon precursor.

In the manufacturing method of the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, a weaving part adopts a fiber strip weaving machine, the graphite-polymer fiber strip is used as a basic weaving unit, a meridian-oblique crossing weaving structure is used for weaving, a fiber strip weaving machine is used for weaving a multi-layer fiber orientation structure, a model structure is formed by alternately laying meridian layers and oblique crossing layers, meridian layers are formed by crosswise weaving 0-degree and 90-degree fiber strips, and oblique crossing layers are formed by crosswise weaving 45-degree and 45-degree fiber strips. The weaving angle can be adjusted correspondingly according to the performance requirement of the product. After weaving, the weaving machine can carry out hot pressing on the woven product to promote the fiber cloth of each layer of the oblique crossing layer and the meridian layer to be mutually bonded.

In the method for manufacturing the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, the graphite-polymer ribbon-shaped precursor woven cloth is subjected to crosslinking treatment, and the crosslinking treatment part can be subjected to radiation crosslinking and oxidation crosslinking to obtain a thermocuring state. The cross-linked fiber strip cloth can maintain a stable structure, is not melted and fluffy in the carbonization and graphitization stages, and can receive a proper traction tension effect.

The carbonization-graphitization equipment of the manufacturing method of the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth can be a high-temperature furnace or a laser device, and the laser adopts rectangular laser. Carbonizing and graphitizing the woven graphite-polymer fiber strip cloth through high temperature generated by a high-temperature furnace or a rectangular laser device, and removing H, O, N and other atoms under the condition of ensuring the woven structure and the fiber orientation, thereby realizing the preparation of the multi-orientation carbon fiber. The deep carbonization and even the complete carbonization of the fiber cloth can be realized by controlling the carbonization temperature and time.

The polymer matrix adopted by the method for manufacturing the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth can be made of thermoplastic materials such as PE, PVC, PEK, PI and the like, and the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth has thermoplasticity during lamination and extrusion, is solidified after thermal stabilization crosslinking treatment and does not have thermoplasticity any more. In the carbonization-graphitization stage, all atoms except C atoms in the carbonized layer are removed. And (3) carrying out full-layer carbonization on the carbon fiber cloth, and completely removing all other atoms except carbon atoms in the matrix.

In the method for manufacturing the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, when the graphite-polymer fiber strips are carbonized and graphitized, the added graphite microcrystals gradually grow up to form graphite micro-sheets, and the graphite micro-sheets are mutually overlapped in a layer mode or are mutually connected along with the carbonization and graphitization, so that a large-sheet carbon fiber net structure with strong force between the carbon fiber net structure is finally formed. Meanwhile, short fibers are used as an induction material, and are carbonized and graphitized, so that the size of the short fibers is increased, and finally, intertwined and oriented fiber bundles are formed.

In the method for manufacturing the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, the graphite-polymer fiber strips are carbonized and graphitized, and then the surface treatment is carried out on the carbon fiber cloth. After carbonization and graphitization, the main constituent substance of the carbon fiber cloth is graphite carbon, has natural chemical inertness, lower surface performance and poorer bonding property with resin, and introduces active groups with higher activity on the fiber surface to better perform sizing treatment. Because the product is the carbon fiber strip, compared with the carbon fiber precursor prepared by PAN production, the surface sizing process of the carbon fiber is easier to realize, and the production efficiency is improved.

The manufacturing method of the multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth can realize the following aims and main innovation points: (1) preparing the oriented carbon fiber composite material by utilizing a laminating principle and a stretching device; (2) the fiber strips are used for replacing fiber bundles as a basic unit for weaving, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced; (3) adding graphite oxide or flake graphite as an induction mode, and preparing carbon fiber by using materials such as PE, PVC and the like as precursors; (4) by referring to radial tires and bias tires, carbon fiber reinforced woven cloth or plates in a radial-bias tape precursor laying mode are proposed and prepared, and finally prepared materials are guaranteed to have strength in multiple directions; (5) the woven carbon fiber strip precursor product can be subjected to polymer crosslinking treatment, and the carbon fiber woven cloth is prepared through carbonization and graphitization treatment. The method can reduce the material cost for preparing the carbon fiber, improve the production and preparation efficiency of the carbon fiber and have great application value.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic production process diagram of a manufacturing method of multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth.

Figure 2 is a meridional-bias laminated ribbon filament extruder head cutting apparatus.

Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a graphite-polymer laminated tape strand bias-woven structure.

Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a graphite-polymer laminated tape precursor meridional weave architecture.

In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-extruding machine, 2-laminating machine, 3-casting film machine head, 4-film cutting device, 5-stretching orientation device, 6-ribbon protofilament weaving device, 7-polymer cross-linking processing device, 8-graphite-polymer ribbon protofilament fiber strip and 9-blade.

Detailed Description

The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, which comprises a device as shown in figures 1 and 2, wherein a graphite-polymer mixed material is added into an extruder through a feeding device above an extruder 1 to be subjected to melt extrusion, the front end of the extruder is connected with a laminator 2, and the graphite-polymer mixed molten material is laminated and homogenized by utilizing the laminating effect of the laminator, so that graphite microcrystals are better dispersed in a polymer and are not easy to generate agglomeration phenomenon in the production process. The molten material is extrusion-cast through a laminator front end casting film head 3. Then, the extrusion film is cut by the cutting device 4 at the front end, the film product is turned into a graphite-polymer tape-like precursor fiber strip 8 by a blade 9 shown in fig. 2, the material is oriented by the stretching and orienting device 5 to have a better directionality and orientation degree, the tape-like precursor is woven after entering the tape-like precursor weaving device 6 to form a composite material tape-like precursor meridian-bias cloth, and the composite material tape-like precursor is crosslinked by the crosslinking device 7 as shown in fig. 3 and 4.

The invention provides a method for manufacturing multi-orientation laminated carbon fiber cloth, which comprises the following specific embodiments: (1) pretreating graphite flakes, graphite oxide or short fibers, and blending with a polymer; (2) extruding the graphite-polymer composite material by using an extruder 1 and a laminator 2, preparing a graphite-polymer composite material film by using a casting film machine head 3, uniformly dispersing all components of the film, and realizing pre-orientation; (3) the extruded composite material film passes through a cutting device 4 at the machine head to cut the film into fiber strips 8; (4) the fiber strips 8 are drawn at high speed through a drawing orientation device 5 to realize secondary orientation and shaping; (5) weaving the oriented fiber strips by a fiber strip weaving device 6, laying by adopting meridian-oblique crossing weaving according to the actual product requirement, and integrally hot-pressing the woven cloth after laying; (6) performing cross-linking treatment on the woven fiber strip cloth by adopting a cross-linking treatment device 5, wherein radiation cross-linking, oxidation cross-linking and the like can be adopted; (7) carbonizing and graphitizing the crosslinked cloth in a high-temperature furnace to obtain the carbon fiber cloth.