1. A super-lubricating water-based cutting fluid is characterized in that: the cutting fluid is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 30-70 parts of deionized water and 1-7 parts of proton type ionic liquid.

2. The super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid of claim 1 wherein: the cutting fluid is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of polyol, 40-60 parts of deionized water and 3-5 parts of proton type ionic liquid.

3. The super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid of claim 1 or 2 wherein: the polyhydric alcohol is at least one of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, 1, 2-butylene glycol, 1, 3-butylene glycol, 1, 4-butylene glycol, 1, 2-pentanediol and glycerol.

4. The super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid of claim 1 or 2 wherein: the proton type ionic liquid is prepared by the following method: adding 20 g of phosphate into 100 mL of acetonitrile solvent, adding alkylamine with the phosphate and the like, stirring for 6-12 hours at 60 ℃, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation and washing to obtain colorless or light yellow oily liquid.

5. The super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid of claim 4 wherein: the phosphate is at least one of dibutyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate and dioctyl phosphate.

6. The super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid of claim 4 wherein: the alkylamine is at least one of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, monoethylamine and diethylamine with a carbon chain of 4-18.

Background

The metal cutting fluid (cutting fluid) is an industrial fluid which is generally used in the cutting, grinding and other processing processes of metals and metal alloys and is used for cooling and lubricating cutters and workpieces, and mainly plays roles in lubrication, rust prevention, cleaning and cooling, thereby reducing cutter abrasion, improving processing quality, saving energy and materials and improving production efficiency.

The cutting fluid may be divided into oil-based cutting fluid and water-based cutting fluid according to its main components. The oil-based cutting fluid mainly comprises mineral oil, an oiliness agent and an additive, has excellent lubricating property and antirust property, but has poor cooling property, is not easy to clean and dilute, has great environmental pollution and high cost. In some special fields with fire hazard, explosion hazard and need of rapid heat dissipation, the oil-based cutting fluid has limited its application due to its low flash point, flammability, small heat conductivity and other disadvantages. The water-based cutting fluid is mainly prepared by mixing alcohol amine or alcohol ester with deionized water, and adding various additives such as a defoaming agent, an antirust agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizing agent, an extreme pressure resistant agent, a polishing agent and the like, has good thermal conductivity and cooling property, but has poor lubricating property, complex components, serious environmental pollution caused by the additives and cost increase.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the super-lubricating water-based cutting fluid which has excellent lubricating property, good antirust property and simple components.

In order to solve the above problems, the super-lubricating water-based cutting fluid of the present invention is characterized in that: the cutting fluid is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 30-70 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 30-70 parts of deionized water and 1-7 parts of proton type ionic liquid.

The cutting fluid is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of polyol, 40-60 parts of deionized water and 3-5 parts of proton type ionic liquid.

The polyhydric alcohol is at least one of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, 1, 2-butylene glycol, 1, 3-butylene glycol, 1, 4-butylene glycol, 1, 2-pentanediol and glycerol.

The proton type ionic liquid is prepared by the following method: adding 20 g of phosphate into 100 mL of acetonitrile solvent, adding alkylamine with the phosphate and the like, stirring for 6-12 hours at 60 ℃, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation and washing to obtain colorless or light yellow oily liquid.

The phosphate is at least one of dibutyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate and dioctyl phosphate.

The alkylamine is at least one of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, monoethylamine and diethylamine with a carbon chain of 4-18.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the proton type ionic liquid can reduce the shearing force of the cutting fluid as hydrated ions, thereby realizing super-lubricating performance, and shows an ultra-low friction coefficient (COF < 0.01) through tribological performance evaluation.

2. The proton type ionic liquid can be adsorbed on a metal substrate to form an adsorption layer, so that the corrosion resistance and the rust resistance of the water-based lubricant are improved.

3. Compared with the traditional water-based cutting fluid, the invention can realize the ultralow friction of steel-steel contact under high load for a long time, hardly generates heat in the process, saves energy and ensures the production safety. ,

4. the invention has the characteristics of few component types, simple preparation method, low cost, no toxicity and environmental protection, and can be applied to wide-range application load and wide-range sliding speed.

Drawings

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing a coefficient of friction curve (a) and a corresponding wear pad diameter (b) of a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 1 of the present invention. The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction curve (a) and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b) of the super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 2 of the present invention. The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction curve (a) and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b) of the super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 3 of the present invention. The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction curve (a) and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b) of the super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 4 of the present invention. The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the coefficient of friction curve (a) and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b) of the super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 5 of the present invention. The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 6 is a graph (a) showing the coefficient of friction of a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 6 of the present invention and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b). The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 7 is a graph (a) showing the coefficient of friction of a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 7 of the present invention and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b). The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 8 is a graph (a) showing the coefficient of friction of a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 8 of the present invention and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b). The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

FIG. 9 is a graph (a) showing the coefficient of friction of a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid prepared in example 9 of the present invention and the corresponding wear scar diameter (b). The inset is an enlarged region corresponding to the friction curve.

Detailed Description

The super-lubricating water-based cutting fluid is prepared by uniformly mixing the following components in parts by weight (in unit of weight g): 30-70 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 30-70 parts of deionized water and 1-7 parts of proton type ionic liquid. Preferably: 40-60 parts of polyol, 40-60 parts of deionized water and 3-5 parts of proton type ionic liquid.

Wherein: the polyhydric alcohol is at least one of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, 1, 2-butylene glycol, 1, 3-butylene glycol, 1, 4-butylene glycol, 1, 2-pentanediol and glycerol.

The proton type ionic liquid is prepared by the following method: adding 20 g of phosphate into 100 mL of acetonitrile solvent, adding alkylamine with the same mass as the phosphate, stirring for 6-12 hours at 60 ℃, removing the solvent through reduced pressure distillation, finally washing with anhydrous ether, and removing the ether through reduced pressure distillation to obtain colorless or light yellow oily liquid.

The phosphate is at least one of dibutyl phosphate, monobutyl phosphate, diethyl phosphate and dioctyl phosphate.

The alkylamine is at least one of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, monoethylamine and diethylamine with a carbon chain of 4-18.

Example 1 a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid comprising: 50g of 1, 3-propylene glycol, 50g of deionized water and 4g of dibutyl phosphate hexadecyl dimethylamine ionic liquid are uniformly mixed to prepare the product.

The tribological properties of the prepared cutting fluid were tested using a four-ball friction tester (MS-10A). The steel ball used in the test isφAnd = 12.7 mm GCr15 bearing steel ball. The test conditions are 300N load, 1200 r/min rotation speed and 30min long-grinding friction Coefficient (COF) at room temperature. And testing the diameter of the grinding spot on the surface of the steel ball by adopting an XDS-0745D optical microscope.

Results as shown in fig. 1, the lubricating system entered a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction less than 0.01) after running-in for about 600 s and remained in a super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, with a Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) of 0.730 mm. The system has good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is not corroded, the temperature of an oil box is not increased, and the grinding spot is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 2 a super-lubricating water-based cutting fluid was prepared by uniformly mixing 50g of 1, 3-propanediol, 50g of deionized water, and 3g of dibutyl phosphate hexadecyl dimethylamine ionic liquid.

The tribological performance evaluation test conditions of the cutting fluid were the same as in example 1.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the amount of ionic liquid was reduced to 3g as compared with example 1, and the lubricating system was brought into a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction less than 0.01) after running-in for about 600 s and kept in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.716 mm. The system has good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is not corroded, the temperature of an oil box is not increased, and the grinding spot is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 3 a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid was prepared by mixing 1, 3-propanediol (50 g), deionized water (50 g), dibutyl phosphate hexadecyl dimethylamine (5 g) ionic liquid uniformly.

The tribological performance evaluation test conditions of the cutting fluid were the same as in example 1.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, when the amount of the ionic liquid was increased to 5g as compared with example 1, the lubricating system entered a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction less than 0.01) after a running-in period of about 600 s and the coefficient of friction was more stable, and the super-slippery state was maintained until the end of the experiment, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.710 mm. The system has good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is not corroded, the temperature of an oil box is not increased, and the grinding spot is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 4 a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid was the same as example 1.

The tribological properties of the prepared cutting fluid were tested using a four-ball friction tester (MS-10A). The steel ball used in the test isφAnd = 12.7 mm GCr15 bearing steel ball. The test conditions are 150N load, 1200 r/min rotation speed and 30min long-grinding friction Coefficient (COF) at room temperature. And testing the diameter of the grinding spot on the surface of the steel ball by adopting an XDS-0745D optical microscope.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, when the load was changed to 150N as compared with example 1, the lubricating system entered a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction was less than 0.01) after a running-in period of about 700 s and remained in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.658 mm. The system is applicable to a wide application load range and has good lubricating property; in addition, the diameter of the abrasive wear scar is reduced, the surface is smooth and flat, and the abrasive wear scar is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 5A super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid was the same as example 1.

The tribological properties of the prepared cutting fluid were tested using a four-ball friction tester (MS-10A). The steel ball used in the test isφAnd = 12.7 mm GCr15 bearing steel ball. The test conditions are that the load is 300N, the rotating speed is 1700 r/min, and the friction Coefficient (COF) is measured when the long grinding is carried out for 30min at room temperature. And testing the diameter of the grinding spot on the surface of the steel ball by adopting an XDS-0745D optical microscope.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the rotational speed was increased to 1700 r/min as compared with example 1, and the lubricating system was brought into a super-slippery state (friction coefficient less than 0.01) after a running-in period of about 1300 s and kept in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.755 mm. The system is applicable to wide sliding linear speed and good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is smooth and flat, has no corrosion, and is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 6 a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid was prepared by mixing 1, 3-propanediol (50 g), deionized water (50 g), dibutyl phosphate-dodecyl dimethylamine (4 g) ionic liquid uniformly.

The tribological performance evaluation test conditions of the cutting fluid were the same as in example 1.

As a result, as shown in fig. 6, the lubricating system was brought into a super-slippery state (a friction coefficient of less than 0.01) after undergoing a running-in period of about 850 s by replacing the ionic liquid with dibutyl phosphate-dodecyldimethylamine, and was maintained in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.755 mm, compared to example 1. The system can be expanded to other ionic liquids, and has good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is smooth and flat, has no corrosion, and is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 7 a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid was prepared by mixing 1, 3-propanediol 60g, deionized water 40g, dibutyl phosphate hexadecyl dimethylamine ionic liquid 4 g.

The tribological performance evaluation test conditions of the cutting fluid were the same as in example 1.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the polyol ratio was increased as compared with example 1, and the lubricating system entered a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction less than 0.01) after a running-in period of about 250 s and remained in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, and had a Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) of 0.641 mm. The lubricating system is adjustable in alcohol-water ratio and good in lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is smooth and flat, has no corrosion, and is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 8 a super-lubricious water-based cutting fluid was prepared by mixing 1, 2-propylene glycol 50g, deionized water 50g, dibutyl phosphate hexadecyl dimethylamine ionic liquid 4 g.

The tribological performance evaluation test conditions of the cutting fluid were the same as in example 1.

As shown in FIG. 8, when 1, 3-propanediol was replaced with 1, 2-propanediol, the lubricating system entered a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction less than 0.01) after undergoing a running-in period of about 600 s, and remained in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, as compared with example 1, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.659 mm. The system is applicable to other polyols and has good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is smooth and flat, has no corrosion, and is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.

Example 9 a super-lubricating water-based cutting fluid was prepared by uniformly mixing 50g of 1, 4-butanediol, 50g of deionized water, and 4g of dibutyl phosphate-hexadecyldimethylamine ionic liquid.

The tribological performance evaluation test conditions of the cutting fluid were the same as in example 1.

As shown in FIG. 9, when 1, 3-propanediol was replaced with 1, 4-butanediol, the lubricating system entered a super-slippery state (coefficient of friction less than 0.01) after undergoing a running-in period of about 300 s, and remained in the super-slippery state until the end of the experiment, as compared with example 1, and the Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) was 0.714 mm. The system has good lubricating property; in addition, the surface of the grinding spot is smooth and flat, and the grinding spot is suitable for being used as metal cutting fluid.