1. The utility model provides an ultra supercritical steam organic matter thermal cracking gasification equips which characterized in that: the system comprises an ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace, a conveyor belt, a steam nozzle, a cracking reaction chamber, a pump body, a gas-liquid separator and a storage tank, wherein the ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace comprises a heating furnace shell, an end cover, a heat insulation layer, a water inlet, a spray pipe, an ultra-supercritical steam outlet, a heating furnace core, a high-frequency electromagnetic heating device, a drain port, a temperature and pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a check valve, a furnace core supporting frame, an electromagnetic valve, a temperature and pressure sensor and a check valve; after being discharged from a steam generator through an ultra-supercritical steam outlet, the ultra-supercritical steam enters a cracking reaction chamber through a steam nozzle, and the steam nozzle is positioned below a conveyor belt; conveying the organic matter to be cracked into cracking reaction chamber with conveyer belt, carbonizing at the high temperature and high pressure of supercritical steam to produce carbon black and hydrogen, alkane and water vapor mixture; the carbon black is solid and is continuously collected by a conveyor belt; the generated mixed gas is pumped into a gas-liquid separator above the reaction chamber, and liquid water and gaseous substances such as alkane, hydrogen and the like are generated after cooling; the bottom discharge port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the water inlet of the heating furnace, cooling water can be continuously added into the ultra-supercritical steam generation furnace for cyclic utilization, generated hydrogen and organic gas are conveyed to the storage tank, and alkane storage can be realized after further separation.

2. The thermal cracking gasification equipment for ultra-supercritical steam organic substances according to claim 1, wherein: during feeding, the organic matters can be crushed and dried, so that certain gaps exist among the organic matters, or the grain diameters of the materials are mixed according to the size proportion, the materials are fluffy, and the thickness of the stacked materials is relatively small.

3. The thermal cracking gasification equipment for ultra-supercritical steam organic substances according to claim 1, wherein: the proper size of the gap is increased on the conveyor belt, and a certain amount of steam can pass through the conveyor belt, so that organic matters can be conveniently contacted with the steam.

4. The thermal cracking gasification equipment for ultra-supercritical steam organic substances according to claim 1, wherein: the conveyor belt is made of materials with good heat-conducting property.

5. The thermal cracking gasification equipment for ultra-supercritical steam organic matter as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the conveyor belt is made of copper strips, graphite or graphite coatings.

Background

The current energy consumption structure of China is dominated by coal and petroleum, and the use of fossil energy can cause great pressure on the environment and bring about the disastrous consequences of disposable energy exhaustion. At present, China needs to adjust energy consumption structures and vigorously develop new energy and renewable energy.

Biomass can be more and more concerned and researched by researchers due to the characteristics of renewability and low pollution. Pyrolysis is a main method for obtaining biomass energy, pyrolysis reaction occurs to biomass at 300 ℃, about 70% of volatile components can be released from the biomass at 300-400 ℃, traditional heating methods include gas heating, electric heating and the like, but due to the limitation of the heating area of the device, the method has the defects of high energy consumption and low conversion efficiency. The ultra-supercritical steam refers to steam with the temperature of over 600 ℃, and far exceeds the pyrolysis temperature of biomass. In the traditional thermal cracking process, inert gas is needed to be introduced into a reaction chamber or oxygen is isolated in a vacuumizing mode, and if steam is used for heating, reactants can be wrapped by the steam, so that the oxygen content in the reaction is greatly reduced, and the process flow is greatly simplified.

The invention patent CN 108249393A provides equipment and a method for preparing hydrogen by thermally cracking supercritical superheated steam and coal slurry, and the equipment for preparing hydrogen by thermally cracking supercritical superheated steam and coal slurry consists of a coal slurry supply system, a supercritical superheated steam water supply system, an inner mixing forming mixture, a reaction channel and a gas collecting device. The scheme can fully utilize and convert the existing various resources such as coal, lean coal, oil shale, coal gangue and the like into hydrogen, and has the advantages of full utilization of various resources, low hydrogen production cost and the like. However, the scheme belongs to the conversion from fossil energy to hydrogen energy, and the conversion efficiency needs to be further examined.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the severe energy environmental problem, the invention provides an ultra-supercritical steam organic matter thermal cracking gasification device, and a high-frequency electromagnetic heating method is innovatively adopted to convert liquid water into high-temperature high-pressure ultra-supercritical steam. Introducing the ultra-supercritical steam to the organic matter to form an oxygen-free environment on the wrapping surface of the organic matter, and carbonizing the organic matter at high temperature to form amorphous carbon black from carbon elements in the organic matter; the hydrogen element in the organic matter is changed into a free state, and then can be converted into energy gases such as hydrogen, methane and the like, and the energy gases can be stored after being collected so as to be conveniently used.

In order to realize the functions, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an ultra-supercritical steam organic matter thermal cracking gasification device comprises an ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace, a conveyor belt, a steam nozzle, a cracking reaction chamber, a pump body, a gas-liquid separator and a storage tank. Adding water into an ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace through a water inlet, and heating the water into ultra-supercritical steam; after being discharged from a steam generator through an ultra-supercritical steam outlet, the ultra-supercritical steam enters a cracking reaction chamber through a steam nozzle, and the steam nozzle is positioned below a conveyor belt; conveying the organic matter to be cracked into cracking reaction chamber with conveyer belt, and carbonizing at the high temperature and high pressure of supercritical steam to produce carbon black, hydrogen, alkane, water vapor and other gas; the carbon black is solid and is collected continuously by a conveyor belt, and can be further recycled as a chemical raw material; the generated gas (hydrogen, alkane and steam) is pumped into a gas-liquid separator above the reaction chamber, and liquid water and gaseous substances such as alkane and hydrogen are generated after cooling; the bottom discharge port of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the water inlet of the heating furnace, cooling water can be continuously added into the ultra-supercritical steam generation furnace for cyclic utilization, generated hydrogen and organic gas are conveyed to the storage tank, and alkane storage can be realized after further separation. The core equipment of the invention is an ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace, which consists of a heating furnace shell, an end cover, a heat preservation and insulation layer, a water inlet, a spray pipe, an ultra-supercritical steam outlet, a heating furnace core, a high-frequency electromagnetic heating device, a drain port, a temperature and pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve, a check valve, a furnace core supporting frame, an electromagnetic valve, a temperature and pressure sensor and a check valve.

The following optimization can be carried out for increasing the pyrolysis rate:

(1) during feeding, the organic matters can be crushed and dried, so that certain gaps exist among the organic matters, or the grain diameters of the materials are mixed according to the size proportion, the materials are fluffy, the thickness of the stacked materials is small, and the materials can be thoroughly treated.

(2) The proper size of the gap is increased on the conveyor belt, and a certain amount of steam can pass through the conveyor belt, so that organic matters can be conveniently contacted with the steam.

(3) Select for use the material that the heat conductivility is good to make the conveyer belt, select for use copper strips, graphite or graphite coating preparation conveyer belt etc. see through the space of organic matter when super supercritical steam spouts organic matter, and the temperature of conveyer belt also can rise fast, makes the organic matter be heated evenly, prevents that the material temperature with the contact of conveyer belt is too low.

The device and the method for producing hydrogen by cracking the ultra-supercritical steam polymer have the advantages and the functions that: the conversion of organic matters and alkane is realized through the thermal cracking gasification of the ultra-supercritical steam organic matters, the effective storage of the alkane is realized, and the energy and environment problems can be relieved to a certain extent by adopting the electromagnetic heating for the conversion of the organic matters and the alkane.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a thermal cracking process flow diagram of an ultra supercritical steam organic thermal cracking gasification device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-supercritical steam furnace of the ultra-supercritical steam organic thermal cracking gasification equipment.

In the figure: 1-an ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace, 2-a conveyor belt, 3-a steam nozzle, 4-a cracking reaction chamber, 5-a pump body, 6-a gas-liquid separator and 7-a gas storage tank; 1-1 hot furnace shell, 1-2 end covers, 1-3 heat preservation and insulation layers, 1-4 water inlets, 1-5 spray pipes, 1-6 ultra-supercritical steam outlets, 1-7 heating furnace cores, 1-8 high-frequency electromagnetic heating devices, 1-9 exhaust ports, 1-10 furnace core support frames, 1-11 electromagnetic valves, 1-12 temperature and pressure sensors and 1-13 check valves.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, the whole process equipment of the ultra supercritical steam organic thermal cracking gasification equipment of the present invention comprises an ultra supercritical steam generator 1, a conveyor belt 2, a steam nozzle 3, a cracking reaction chamber 4, a pump body 5, a gas-liquid separator 6 and a storage tank 7. Adding water into a critical steam generating furnace 1, and heating to obtain ultra-supercritical steam; after being discharged from the steam generating furnace 1, the ultra-supercritical steam enters a cracking reaction chamber 4; the polymer to be cracked is sent into a cracking reaction chamber 4 by a conveyor belt 2, and is carbonized under the high-temperature and high-pressure action of the ultra-supercritical steam to generate carbon black and gases such as hydrogen, alkane, water vapor and the like; the carbon black is solid and is collected continuously by the conveyor belt 2, and can be further recycled as a chemical raw material; the generated gas (hydrogen, alkane and steam) is sent to a gas-liquid separator 6 through a pump 5, and liquid water, hydrogen and other gaseous substances are generated after cooling; the cooling water can be continuously added into the ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace 1 for cyclic utilization, the generated hydrogen and organic gas enter the storage tank 7, and the organic gas can be stored after further separation.

As shown in figure 2, the core equipment of the invention is an ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace 1, which comprises a heating furnace shell 1-1, an end cover 1-2, a heat preservation and insulation layer 1-3, a water inlet 1-4, a spray pipe 1-5, an ultra-supercritical steam outlet 1-6, a heating furnace core 1-7, a high-frequency electromagnetic heating device 1-8, a drain port 1-9, a furnace core support frame 1-10, an electromagnetic valve 1-11, a temperature and pressure sensor 1-12 and a check valve 1-13. Water enters from a water inlet 1-4 under the control of a check valve 1-13 and is sprayed onto a furnace core 1-7 through a spray pipe 1-5; heating water to an ultra-supercritical steam state by a high-frequency electromagnetic heating device 1-8 under the control of a temperature and pressure sensor 1-12 and an electromagnetic valve 1-11, wherein the temperature is about 600 ℃, and the pressure is about 30 MPa; the heat insulation layer 1-3 plays a role in heat insulation and can be made of high-temperature resistant materials such as carbon fiber and the like; the generated ultra-supercritical steam finally leaves the ultra-supercritical steam generating furnace 1 through an ultra-supercritical steam outlet 1-6; after the equipment is shut down, the drain port 1-9 can be opened to drain residual moisture in the furnace; impurities contained in raw water can scale on the furnace wall during heating, and the end cover 1-2 can be opened for cleaning after shutdown.