1. A method for rapidly producing an organic fertilizer by utilizing bamboo shoot processing waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) pretreatment: crushing the processing waste of the fresh bamboo shoots into less than 3 cm; (2) adding enzyme preparation for hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing in a fermentation tank at 70-80 deg.C for 1-2 hr; (3) adding biomass material with water content less than 30% and adding aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation to ferment for 1-2 hours; (4) and (4) stacking the materials after discharging in a natural environment with the atmospheric temperature higher than 15 ℃, and completing fermentation when the internal temperature of the stacked materials at the temperature is reduced to the natural temperature to obtain the high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

2. The method for rapidly producing the organic fertilizer by using the bamboo shoot processing waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the enzyme preparation in the step (2) is a compound preparation of xylanase and cellulase, the weight ratio of the xylanase and the cellulase is 2:3, and the amount of the enzyme preparation added is 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the bamboo shoot processing waste.

3. The method for rapidly producing the organic fertilizer by using the bamboo shoot processing waste according to claim 1, wherein the biomass material in the step (3) is one or a mixture of rice chaff, biochar and straw waste, the particle size of the biomass material is less than 1 cm, the added amount is determined according to the moisture content, the total amount of the added moisture is 55-65%, and then an aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacterium preparation is added for fermentation and continuously stirred for 2-3 hours.

4. The method for rapidly producing the organic fertilizer by using the bamboo shoot processing waste according to claim 1, wherein the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation comprises a mixture of lactobacillus casei, bacillus coagulans, clostridium ljunii, clostridium thermocellum and yeast, and the number of viable bacteria respectively reaches more than 1 hundred million cfu/ml; the application amount of the composite bacteria fermentation inoculum is 0.1-0.3%, the composite bacteria fermentation inoculum is mixed with 30-50 times of water and then uniformly sprinkled in fermentation materials, and the mixture is fermented for 2-3 hours at 65-75 ℃ and stirred.

Background

At present, the Chinese bamboo industry is seriously examined by the transformation and upgrading of the industry and the high environmental protection, the problems of low bamboo price, rising production cost, increasing bamboo forest waste and the like occur, and bamboo shoots are popular in the market as Chinese traditional delicacies and health foods. As the bamboo shoot emergence time is short and concentrated, the fiber aging speed is high, more than 60 percent of the bamboo shoots are used as processing raw materials to produce canned bamboo shoots, water bamboo shoots, dried bamboo shoots and the like, and the storage and eating time of the bamboo shoots is prolonged. The problems of more solid wastes, large amount of waste water discharge and other serious environmental pollution exist in the processing and production process of the bamboo shoots, and the processing of the bamboo shoots generates a large amount of solid wastes such as bamboo shoot shells, heads of bamboo shoots, broken bamboo shoots and the like in the links of shelling, selecting, shaping and the like. The rough processing of the fresh bamboo shoots can generate 50 to 60 percent of processing residues such as bamboo shoot shells, -degree bamboo shoots and the like, but the utilization of the waste resources at present lacks a low-cost and effective solution, and many enterprises face the risk of closure due to high pollution treatment cost. The invention discloses CN1793068A 'a production process for converting waste bamboo shoot shells into organic fertilizer' and CN1887822 'a bamboo shoot shell organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and a production method thereof', and the like, and provides a way for recycling bamboo shoot shell resources from the perspective of producing organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer by using waste bamboo shoot shells. However, these patents suffer from the following problems: (1) the fermentation time is long, which usually needs several weeks, and the nutrients and the carbon source are seriously wasted; (2) the bamboo shoot processing waste has high water content (more than 80 percent), large energy consumption in the drying process and increased cost in the production process. Therefore, it is often difficult in practical use.

Aiming at the situation, the invention provides a method for adopting enzyme hydrolysis by utilizing the characteristic that the bamboo shoot processing waste has high content of cellulose and hemicellulose, and can greatly promote the evaporation of water and improve the effectiveness of nutrients by destroying the structures of the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the waste. Meanwhile, the combined application of the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation can greatly shorten the production time of the organic fertilizer and improve the carbon utilization rate of organic matters.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for quickly producing an organic fertilizer by utilizing bamboo shoot processing waste, which has the advantages of unique preparation method, simple and reasonable process, short treatment time, high efficiency and great popularization value.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for rapidly producing an organic fertilizer by utilizing bamboo shoot processing waste comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: crushing the processing waste of the fresh bamboo shoots into less than 3 cm; (2) adding enzyme preparation for hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing in a fermentation tank at 70-80 deg.C for 1-2 hr; (3) adding biomass material with water content less than 30% and adding aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation to ferment for 1-2 hours; (4) and (4) stacking the materials after discharging in a natural environment with the atmospheric temperature higher than 15 ℃, and completing fermentation when the internal temperature of the stacked materials at the temperature is reduced to the natural temperature to obtain the high-efficiency organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the enzyme preparation in the step (2) is a compound preparation of xylanase and cellulase, the weight ratio of the xylanase and the cellulase is 2:3, and the amount of the enzyme preparation added is 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the bamboo shoot processing waste.

Preferably, the biomass material in the step (3) is one or a mixture of rice chaff, biochar and straw waste, the particle size of the biomass material is less than 1 cm, the adding amount is determined according to the moisture content, the total amount of the added moisture is 55-65%, then the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation is added for fermentation, and the continuous stirring is carried out for 2-3 hours.

Further, the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation comprises a mixture of lactobacillus casei, bacillus coagulans, clostridium ljunceus, clostridium thermocellum and yeast, and the number of viable bacteria respectively reaches more than 1 hundred million cfu/ml; the application amount of the composite bacteria fermentation inoculum is 0.1-0.3%, the composite bacteria fermentation inoculum is mixed with 30-50 times of water and then uniformly sprinkled in fermentation materials, and the mixture is fermented for 2-3 hours at 65-75 ℃ and stirred.

The preparation method is unique, simple and reasonable in process, short in treatment time, high in efficiency and high in popularization value. By utilizing the characteristic of high content of cellulose and hemicellulose in bamboo shoot processing wastes, an enzymatic hydrolysis method is provided, and the evaporation of water can be greatly promoted and the effectiveness of nutrients can be improved by destroying the structures of the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the wastes. Meanwhile, the production time of the organic fertilizer can be greatly shortened to 2-3 days by the combined application of the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation, and the carbon utilization rate of organic matters is improved.

Detailed Description

Example 1: a method for rapidly producing an organic fertilizer by utilizing bamboo shoot processing waste comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: crushing the processing waste of the fresh bamboo shoots into less than 3 cm; (2) adding enzyme preparation for hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing in a fermentation tank at 70-80 deg.C for 1-2 hr; (3) adding biomass material with water content less than 30% and adding aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation to ferment for 1-2 hours; (4) and (4) stacking the materials after discharging in a natural environment with the atmospheric temperature higher than 15 ℃, and completing fermentation when the internal temperature of the stacked materials at the temperature is reduced to the natural temperature to obtain the high-efficiency organic fertilizer. Wherein the enzyme preparation in the step (2) is a compound preparation of xylanase and cellulase, the weight ratio of the xylanase to the cellulase is 2:3, and the amount of the added enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the bamboo shoot processing waste; the biomass material in the step (3) is one or a mixture of rice chaff, biochar and straw waste, the particle size of the biomass material is less than 1 cm, the adding amount is determined according to the moisture content, the total amount of the added moisture is 55-65%, then an aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation is added for fermentation, and the mixture is continuously stirred for 2-3 hours; the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation comprises a mixture of lactobacillus casei, bacillus coagulans, clostridium ljunii, clostridium thermocellum and yeast, and the number of viable bacteria respectively reaches more than 1 hundred million cfu/ml; the application amount of the composite bacteria fermentation inoculum is 0.1-0.3%, the composite bacteria fermentation inoculum is mixed with 30-50 times of water and then uniformly sprinkled in fermentation materials, and the mixture is fermented for 2-3 hours at 65-75 ℃ and stirred.

The invention provides a method for adopting enzyme hydrolysis by utilizing the characteristic of high content of cellulose and hemicellulose in bamboo shoot processing wastes, and can greatly promote water evaporation and improve nutrient effectiveness by destroying the structures of the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the wastes. Meanwhile, the combined application of the aerobic-facultative-anaerobic compound bacteria preparation can greatly shorten the production time of the organic fertilizer to 2-3 days and improve the carbon utilization rate of organic matters.

The foregoing list is only illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.