1. A nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste, characterized in that: contains nano-scale activated modified clay mineral, biological enzyme, natural surfactant, heavy metal trapping agent, chelating agent, gelling agent and stabilizing agent.

2. The nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nano-scale activated modified clay mineral is nano-scale or micro-nano-scale particles obtained by crushing, purifying, activating and modifying natural clay mineral, filtering, drying and superfine grinding.

3. The nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 0-50 parts of nano-scale activated modified clay mineral, 1-60 parts of biological enzyme, 5-15 parts of heavy metal trapping agent, 1-5 parts of natural surfactant, 1-5 parts of chelating agent, 1-5 parts of gelling agent and 1-7 parts of stabilizing agent.

4. The nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: the natural clay mineral is selected from two or more of kaolin, montmorillonite, vermiculite, mica, seaweeds, attapulgite, sepiolite and diatomite; the biological enzyme is selected from two or more of lysozyme, pectinase, lipase, protease, cellulase, catalase and amylase; the natural surfactant is selected from one or more of Gleditsia sinensis saponin, herba Zosterae Marinae extract, sea weed extract, betaine, gelatin, lecithin, and carboxymethyl starch; the heavy metal trapping agent is selected from xanthate and/or dithiocarbamate derivatives; the chelating agent is one or more selected from green algae extract, brown algae extract, tobacco extract, semen Phaseoli vulgaris extract, polyphosphate, aminocarboxylic acid, 1, 3-diketone, hydroxycarboxylic acid, and polyamine; the gelling agent is selected from one or more of aluminate, carbonate and silicate.

5. The method of processing a nanocomposite catalyst for agricultural waste treatment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

a. crushing and purifying natural clay mineral, and then carrying out surface activation and modification treatment;

b. b, filtering and drying the product obtained by the step a, and carrying out superfine grinding on the obtained solid substance to obtain a nano-scale activated modified clay mineral;

c. and c, mixing the nanoscale activated modified clay mineral obtained in the step b with a natural surfactant, a biological enzyme, a heavy metal trapping agent, a gelling agent and a stabilizer in proportion, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, reacting and forming, wherein the water content of a finished product is 10-20%.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the surface activation is to carry out surface treatment by using inorganic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, and the modification is to carry out surface modification by using alkylamine, alkylammonium salt or silane coupling agent; the fineness of the nano activated and modified clay mineral is 20-200 nm.

7. A method for treating agricultural waste using the nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:

(1) pretreatment

Removing impurities from the collected agricultural wastes, and crushing by using a crusher;

(2) catalytic treatment

Adding the material treated in the step (1) into a stirrer, adding a nano composite catalyst and a proper amount of water into the stirrer, uniformly mixing, sending into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction treatment, and sending the product after reaction into a temporary storage barrel for storage;

(3) recycling and reusing

Feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying treatment, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling treatment, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the agricultural wastes include but are not limited to livestock and poultry manure, plant straws, food wastes and traditional Chinese medicine residues, and the pulverizer is a dry pulverizer or a wet pulverizer crushed machine or a wet-dry pulverizer.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein: the catalytic reaction treatment time is 0.5-3h, and the drying treatment is to reduce the water content of the material to 30%.

10. An apparatus for treating agricultural waste using the nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: include through rubbing crusher, mixer, agricultural discarded object catalytic reaction ware, temporary storage bucket, the drying-machine that material conveying pipeline connects in order, still seted up the nanocomposite catalyst charge door on the mixer, the drying-machine is equipped with two material output pipeline, connects cooling respectively and keeps in bucket, compounding reactor, and the output pipeline that the bucket was equipped with is kept in the cooling is connected with automatic packaging machine an, and the output pipeline that the compounding reactor was equipped with is connected with automatic packaging machine b, has still seted up soil conditioner charge door on the compounding reactor.

Background

The agricultural wastes comprise four main types, namely plant wastes, animal wastes, processing wastes, rural urban domestic wastes and the like. Agricultural wastes in China have four characteristics, namely the characteristics of large quantity, poor quality, low price and much harm and pollution. The amount of waste generated each year is hundreds of millions, and the number of pollution events occurring at the same time is increasing year by year. The agricultural wastes have low beneficial component content, i.e. the grade of the usable materials is not high, the content of harmful components is high, and the agricultural wastes need to be subjected to harmless treatment during use, so the cost is increased.

In the past, farmers in China use agricultural wastes as organic fertilizers, and play a great role in promoting material energy circulation and fertility improvement. However, with the development of market economy, the conversion of agricultural wastes into organic fertilizers faces a new set of problems and serious challenges. On one hand, the components of the wastes are changed greatly, meanwhile, the planting industry gradually turns to a labor-saving, efficient and clean cultivation mode, the traditional organic fertilizer accumulation, preparation, storage and utilization technology cannot adapt to the development of modern agriculture, and in addition, the compost field occupies a large area, the fermentation time is long, and the compost has unpleasant odor. Therefore, agricultural wastes are no longer popular and become a pollution source for seriously polluting the ecological environment. The main manifestations are that the odor, straw burning, greenhouse gas emission, which aggravates air pollution; secondly, the heavy metal, pesticide and veterinary drug residues pollute the soil and increase the drug resistance of environmental organisms; thirdly, the normal function of the soil is seriously influenced by the white pollution of the agriculture; fourthly, sewage cross flow increases non-point source pollution and water eutrophication; spread of virus and spreading of disease, especially diseases of both human and livestock.

Practice proves that the recycling technology of agricultural wastes can play a role of getting twice with half the effort only by combining with an ecological agriculture mode. One of the trends in the development of agricultural waste recycling is to promote or develop a new agricultural waste ecological technology, optimize and assemble a new ecological agricultural engineering and regional development mode together with other technologies according to the ecological cycle principle and the requirements of circular economy, and establish corresponding demonstration bases according to different regions and ecological types, so that the sustainable utilization of resources is ensured, the ecological balance is maintained, the environmental quality is improved, and the economic and social development of rural areas is comprehensively promoted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a nano composite catalyst, a device and a method for treating agricultural wastes.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a nano composite catalyst for treating agricultural wastes, which contains a nano activated modified clay mineral, a biological enzyme, a natural surfactant, a heavy metal trapping agent, a chelating agent, a gelling agent and a stabilizer.

Furthermore, the nano-scale activated and modified clay mineral is nano-scale or micro-nano-scale particles obtained by crushing, purifying, activating and modifying natural clay mineral, filtering, drying and superfine grinding.

Further, the nano catalyst for treating agricultural wastes comprises, by weight, 0-50 parts of nano activated modified clay mineral, 1-60 parts of bio-enzyme, 1-5 parts of natural surfactant, 5-15 parts of heavy metal collector, 1-5 parts of chelating agent, 1-5 parts of gelling agent and 1-7 parts of stabilizer.

Further, the natural clay mineral is selected from two or more of kaolin, montmorillonite, vermiculite, mica, seaweeds, attapulgite, sepiolite and diatomite.

Further, the biological enzyme is selected from lysozyme, pectinase, lipase, protease, cellulase, catalase and amylase.

The natural surfactant is selected from one or more of herba Zosterae Marinae extract, seaweed extract, betaine, gelatin, lecithin, and carboxymethyl starch.

Further, the heavy metal trapping agent is selected from xanthate and/or dithiocarbamate derivatives.

Further, the chelating agent is selected from one or more of green algae extract, brown algae extract, tobacco extract, kidney bean extract, polyphosphate, aminocarboxylic acid, 1, 3-diketone, hydroxycarboxylic acid, and polyamine.

Further, the gelling agent is selected from one or more of aluminate, carbonate and silicate.

The invention also provides a processing method of the nano composite catalyst for treating agricultural wastes, which comprises the following steps:

a. crushing and purifying natural clay mineral, and then carrying out surface activation and modification treatment;

b. b, filtering and drying the product obtained by the step a, and carrying out superfine grinding on the obtained solid substance to obtain a nano-scale activated modified clay mineral;

c. and c, mixing the nanoscale activated modified clay mineral obtained in the step b with the biological enzyme, the natural surfactant, the heavy metal trapping agent, the gelling agent and the stabilizer in proportion, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, reacting and forming.

Further, the surface activation is surface treatment with inorganic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, and the modification is surface modification with alkylamine, alkylammonium salt or silane coupling agent.

Furthermore, the fineness of the nano-scale activated modified clay mineral is 20-200 nm.

Further, the water content of the nanocomposite catalyst for treating agricultural waste processed by the processing method is 10-20%.

The invention also provides a method for treating agricultural wastes by using the nano composite catalyst, which comprises the following steps:

(1) pretreatment

Removing impurities from the collected agricultural wastes, and crushing by using a crusher;

(2) catalytic treatment

Adding the material treated in the step (1) into a stirrer, adding a nano composite catalyst and a proper amount of water into the stirrer, uniformly mixing, sending into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction treatment, and sending a reaction product into a temporary storage barrel for storage;

(3) recycling and reusing

Feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying treatment, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling treatment, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

Further, the agricultural wastes include, but are not limited to, livestock and poultry manure, plant straws, food wastes, and traditional Chinese medicine residues.

Further, the catalytic reaction treatment time is 0.5-3 h.

Further, the drying treatment is to reduce the water content of the material to 30%.

Further, the dryer is a dry type pulverizer or a wet type powder crushed machine or a wet and dry type pulverizer.

The invention also provides a device for treating agricultural wastes by using the nano composite catalyst, which comprises a crusher, a stirrer, an agricultural waste catalytic reactor, a temporary storage barrel and a dryer which are sequentially connected through material conveying pipelines, wherein the stirrer is also provided with a nano composite catalyst charging hole, the dryer is provided with two material output pipelines which are respectively connected with the cooling temporary storage barrel and the mixing reactor, the cooling temporary storage barrel is provided with an output pipeline which is connected with an automatic packaging machine a, the mixing reactor is provided with an output pipeline which is connected with an automatic packaging machine b, and the mixing reactor is also provided with a soil conditioner charging hole.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

1. in the nano composite catalyst, the adopted nano activated modified clay mineral is combined with biological enzyme to form a catalytic activity main body, and a heavy metal trapping agent, a natural surfactant, a chelating agent, a gelling agent and a stabilizer are supplemented to enhance the performance of the catalytic activity main body, so that when the catalytic activity main body is used for treating agricultural wastes, harmful substances in the agricultural wastes can be rapidly decomposed and converted, and meanwhile, the heavy metals are passivated.

2. Compared with the existing method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the organic fertilizer which needs more than two months, the method can shorten the decomposition time of the organic fertilizer to be within 3 hours, greatly shortens the fermentation reaction time, obviously improves the annual treatment amount of agricultural wastes, does not need a storage yard in the fertilizer preparation process, saves space, has no odor and no pollution to the environment, has the fertilizer preparation generation rate of 20-30 percent more than that of the traditional method, obviously improves the annual output of the organic fertilizer, and has excellent quality of the prepared organic fertilizer.

3. Compared with the traditional composting method and the mechanical mesophilic bacteria composting method, the technology for preparing the fertilizer by catalyzing the nano composite catalyst has the advantages of no carbon dioxide and methane emission, no wastewater generation, no denitrification loss, no pathogenic bacteria, complete decomposition and stabilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for treating agricultural waste using a nanocomposite catalyst according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for treating agricultural waste using a nanocomposite catalyst according to an embodiment of the present invention;

reference numerals: 1-a crusher, 2-a nano composite catalyst feed port, 3-a stirrer, 4-an agricultural waste catalytic reactor, 5-a temporary storage barrel, 6-a lifting machine, 7-a dryer, 8-a cooling temporary storage barrel, 9-an automatic packaging machine a, 10-a soil conditioner feed port, 11-a mixing reactor and 12-an automatic packaging machine b.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

A nanometer composite catalyst for treating agricultural wastes comprises 40 parts of nanometer activated modified clay mineral, 60 parts of biological enzyme, 5 parts of natural surfactant, 15 parts of heavy metal trapping agent, 5 parts of chelating agent, 5 parts of gelling agent and 7 parts of stabilizing agent by weight; the nano-scale activated and modified clay mineral is nano-scale particles obtained by crushing, purifying, activating and modifying a natural clay mineral, filtering, drying and superfine pulverizing the natural clay mineral, wherein the clay mineral is selected from montmorillonite and attapulgite and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1, the biological enzyme is lysozyme, pectinase, lipase, protease, cellulase, catalase and amylase are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1:2:3:1:4:2, the natural surfactant is a kelp extract, the heavy metal trapping agent is xanthate, the chelating agent is a chlorella extract, and the gelling agent is water glass.

The processing method of the nano composite catalyst comprises the following specific steps:

a. crushing and purifying natural clay mineral, and then carrying out surface activation and modification treatment; the surface activation is to carry out surface treatment by using inorganic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, and the modification is to carry out surface modification by using alkylamine, alkylammonium salt or silane coupling agent;

b. b, filtering and drying the product obtained by the step a, and carrying out superfine grinding on the obtained solid substance to obtain a nano-scale activated modified clay mineral; the fineness of the nano activated and modified clay mineral is 20 nm;

c. and c, mixing the nanoscale activated modified clay mineral obtained in the step b with a natural surfactant, a biological enzyme, a heavy metal trapping agent, a gelling agent and a stabilizer in proportion, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, reacting and forming, wherein the water content is 10%.

Example 2

A nanometer composite catalyst for treating agricultural wastes comprises 50 parts of nanometer activated modified clay mineral, 50 parts of biological enzyme, 5 parts of natural surfactant, 10 parts of heavy metal trapping agent, 5 parts of chelating agent, 5 parts of gelling agent and 5 parts of stabilizing agent in parts by weight; the nano-scale activated and modified clay mineral is nano-scale particles obtained by crushing, purifying, activating and modifying a natural clay mineral, filtering, drying and superfine grinding, the clay mineral is selected from vermiculite and seaweed stone and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 2:3, the biological enzyme is lysozyme, pectinase, protease, cellulase, catalase and amylase and is mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:2:1:5:1:1, the natural surfactant is betaine, the heavy metal trapping agent is sodium dithiocarbamate, the chelating agent is 1, 3-diketone, and the gelling agent is aluminum silicate.

The processing method of the nano composite catalyst comprises the following specific steps:

a. crushing and purifying natural clay mineral, and then carrying out surface activation and modification treatment; the surface activation is to carry out surface treatment by using inorganic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, and the modification is to carry out surface modification by using alkylamine, alkylammonium salt or silane coupling agent;

b. b, filtering and drying the product obtained by the step a, and carrying out superfine grinding on the obtained solid substance to obtain a nano-scale activated modified clay mineral; the fineness of the nano activated and modified clay mineral is 50 nm;

c. and c, mixing the nanoscale activated modified clay mineral obtained in the step b with the biological enzyme, the natural surfactant, the heavy metal trapping agent, the gelling agent and the stabilizer in proportion, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, reacting and forming, wherein the water content is 15%.

Example 3

A nanometer composite catalyst for treating agricultural wastes comprises 30 parts of nanometer activated modified clay mineral, 10 parts of biological enzyme, 5 parts of heavy metal trapping agent, 1 part of natural surfactant, 1 part of chelating agent, 1 part of gelling agent and 1 part of stabilizing agent by weight; wherein, the nanometer activated modified clay mineral is nanometer particles obtained by crushing, purifying, activating and modifying natural clay mineral, filtering, drying and superfine grinding, and the clay mineral is selected from kaolin, sepiolite and diatomite according to the proportion of 2: 2:3, the biological enzyme is pectinase, catalase, cellulose and amylase according to the weight ratio of 1:1:2:2, the natural surfactant is carboxymethyl starch, the heavy metal trapping agent is xanthate, the chelating agent is a tobacco extract, and the gelling agent is calcium aluminate.

The processing method of the nano composite catalyst comprises the following specific steps:

a. crushing and purifying natural clay mineral, and then carrying out surface activation and modification treatment; the surface activation is to carry out surface treatment by using inorganic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, and the modification is to carry out surface modification by using alkylamine, alkylammonium salt or silane coupling agent;

b. b, filtering and drying the product obtained by the step a, and carrying out superfine grinding on the obtained solid substance to obtain a nano-scale activated modified clay mineral; the fineness of the nano activated and modified clay mineral is 50 nm;

c. and c, mixing the nanoscale activated modified clay mineral obtained in the step b with a natural surfactant, a biological enzyme, a heavy metal trapping agent, a gelling agent and a stabilizer in proportion, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, reacting and forming, wherein the water content is 20%.

Example 4

A nanometer composite catalyst for treating agricultural wastes comprises 50 parts of nanometer activated modified clay mineral, 25 parts of biological enzyme, 2.5 parts of natural surfactant, 10 parts of heavy metal trapping agent, 2.5 parts of chelating agent, 2.5 parts of gelling agent and 3.5 parts of stabilizing agent by weight; wherein, the nanometer activation modified clay mineral is nanometer particles obtained by crushing, purifying, activating and modifying natural clay mineral, filtering, drying and superfine grinding, and the clay mineral is selected from attapulgite, tremolite and diatomite according to the proportion of 4: mixing at a weight ratio of 2:1, mixing biological enzyme such as lysozyme, pectinase, cellulase and catalase at a weight ratio of 1:2:4:1, mixing natural surfactant such as gleditsia sinensis saponin, heavy metal trapping agent such as ammonium dithiocarbamate, chelating agent such as brown algae extract, and gelling agent such as water glass.

The processing method of the nano composite catalyst comprises the following specific steps:

a. crushing and purifying natural clay mineral, and then carrying out surface activation and modification treatment; the surface activation is to carry out surface treatment by using inorganic acid, sodium polyacrylate and/or sodium hexametaphosphate, and the modification is to carry out surface modification by using alkylamine, alkylammonium salt or silane coupling agent;

b. b, filtering and drying the product obtained by the step a, and carrying out superfine grinding on the obtained solid substance to obtain a nano-scale activated modified clay mineral; the fineness of the nano activated and modified clay mineral is 50 nm;

c. and c, mixing the nanoscale activated modified clay mineral obtained in the step b with a natural surfactant, a biological enzyme, a heavy metal trapping agent, a gelling agent and a stabilizer in proportion, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, reacting and forming, wherein the water content is 20%.

Example 5

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an apparatus for treating agricultural waste by using any one of the nano composite catalysts of embodiments 1 to 4, including a pulverizer 1, a stirrer 3, an agricultural waste catalytic reactor 4, a temporary storage tank 5, and a dryer 7, which are connected in sequence by a material conveying pipeline, wherein the stirrer 3 is further provided with a nano composite catalyst charging port 2, the dryer 7 is provided with two material output pipelines respectively connected to a cooling temporary storage tank 8 and a mixing reactor 11, the cooling temporary storage tank 8 is provided with an output pipeline connected to an automatic packaging machine a9, the mixing reactor 11 is provided with an output pipeline connected to an automatic packaging machine b12, and the mixing reactor 11 is further provided with a soil conditioner charging port 10.

In this embodiment, if necessary, the material output pipeline is connected with a lifter 6 to lift and convey the material.

In this embodiment, the finished product packaged by the automatic packaging machine a9 is a refined organic fertilizer product, and the finished product packaged by the automatic packaging machine b12 is an ecological organic fertilizer, which not only provides comprehensive nutrients for crops, but also has an effect of improving and conditioning soil.

Example 6

After solid-liquid separation of the kitchen organic waste, collecting solid residues, removing plastic impurities, and crushing by using a wet crusher; adding the treated materials into a stirrer, adding the nano composite catalyst and a proper amount of water in the stirrer, uniformly mixing, sending into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction for 3 hours, and sending reaction products into a temporary storage barrel for storage; feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying until the water content is less than 30%, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare a refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

Example 7

Collecting corn straws, and crushing by using a dry crusher; adding the treated materials into a stirrer, adding the nano composite catalyst and a proper amount of water in the stirrer, uniformly mixing, sending into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction for 3 hours, and sending reaction products into a temporary storage barrel for storage; feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying until the water content is 30%, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare a refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

Example 8

Pulverizing the residue of Chinese medicinal materials after extracting effective components from decoction pieces of Chinese medicinal materials by wet pulverizer; the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are rhizome traditional Chinese medicine dregs containing astragalus dregs, angelica dregs, codonopsis pilosula dregs and the like, the treated materials are added into a stirrer, the nano composite catalyst and appropriate amount of water in the embodiment 3 of the invention are added into the stirrer, the materials are uniformly mixed and then sent into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction for 3 hours, and reaction products are sent into a temporary storage barrel for storage; feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying until the water content is less than 30%, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare a refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

Nutrient detection is performed on the refined organic fertilizer of the herb residue processed in the embodiment, and the detection result is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 detection of nutrient in dregs refined organic fertilizer of the present invention

The results in table 1 show that the decoction dreg refined organic fertilizer prepared by treating the decoction dregs with the nano composite catalyst meets the national relevant organic fertilizer standards, and can be popularized and used in a large scale.

Example 9

Collecting donkey dung, removing glass, plastic and iron impurities, and crushing by using a dry-wet crusher; adding the treated materials into a stirrer, adding the nano composite catalyst and a proper amount of water in the stirrer, uniformly mixing, sending into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction for 3 hours, and sending reaction products into a temporary storage barrel for storage; feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying until the water content is 30%, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare a refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

Example 10

Collecting the waste oyster mushroom sticks, and crushing the waste oyster mushroom sticks by a dry crusher; adding the treated materials into a stirrer, adding the nano composite catalyst and a proper amount of water in the stirrer, uniformly mixing, sending into an agricultural waste catalytic reactor for catalytic reaction for 0.5h, and sending reaction products into a temporary storage barrel for storage; feeding the reaction product in the temporary storage barrel into a dryer for drying until the water content is 30%, dividing the dried material into two parts, feeding one part of the dried material into a cooling temporary storage barrel for cooling, cooling to normal temperature, and automatically packaging to prepare a refined organic fertilizer; and feeding the other part of the remaining dried material into a mixing reactor, adding a soil conditioner into the mixing reactor, and mixing and reacting to prepare the ecological organic fertilizer.

Comparative example 1

And (3) composting the donkey manure by adopting a traditional composting method, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 30:1, and carrying out decomposing fermentation for 60 days to obtain the refined organic fertilizer by adopting the traditional method.

Comparative example 2

And (3) composting the waste oyster mushroom sticks by adopting a traditional composting method, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 30:1, and fermenting for 50 days to obtain the refined organic fertilizer by adopting the traditional method.

Test example 1 measurement of content of Metal element

In this example, the refined organic fertilizers obtained in example 9 and example 10 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were randomly sampled and then the contents of metal elements were measured, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 determination of the content of metallic elements in the samples

The results in table 2 show that the refined organic fertilizer prepared by treating the donkey manure and the waste mushroom sticks by using the nano composite catalyst can improve the contents of trace elements such as Ti, Mn and the like beneficial to crops, and simultaneously reduce the contents of heavy metal elements such as Zr, Cd, Hg and the like harmful to the crops.

Test example 2 detection of organic matter content

In this example, the refined organic fertilizers obtained in example 9 and example 10 and comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were randomly sampled and subjected to carbon and nitrogen content measurement, and the measurement was repeated twice for each group, and the measurement results are shown in table 3.

Table 3 organic matter content detection

Detecting items	N(％)	C(％)
			Comparative example 1 sample 1	0.54	22.16
Comparative example 1 sample 2	0.55	22.35
			Example 9 sample 1	0.81	26.54
Example 9 sample 2	0.87	26.58
			Comparative example 2 sample 1	0.63	28.22
Comparative example 2 sample 2	0.65	28.31
			Example 10 sample 1	0.90	35.98
Example 10 sample 2	0.87	35.87

The results in table 3 show that the refined organic fertilizer prepared by treating donkey manure and waste mushroom sticks with the nano composite catalyst has high organic matter content, low carbon-nitrogen ratio and complete decomposition and fermentation.

Test example 3 determination of content of soil-available heavy metals

In this example, the content of the heavy metal in the active state was measured after randomly sampling the refined organic fertilizer obtained in example 9 and comparative example 1, and the measurement results are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4 determination of the content of metallic elements in the samples

The results in table 4 show that part of heavy metals Ni, Pb and Cu in the refined organic fertilizer prepared by treating donkey feces by the nano composite catalyst are passivated, which is beneficial to avoiding the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals in crops.