1. A resource utilization method for preparing organic fertilizer from river and lake bottom mud is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. composting in the first stage:

s1, mixing the raw materials and the auxiliary materials: the proportion of the compost bottom mud and the auxiliary materials is as follows: 10-20% of river and lake bottom mud; auxiliary materials: 25-35% of reed and 10-20% of sawdust and chaff; thermal fertilizer: 35-45% of chicken manure;

s2, mixing the materials with a microbial inoculum, and propagating: taking out the mixed auxiliary materials, uniformly mixing the microbial inoculum and the auxiliary materials according to the ratio of 1:10, mixing the river and lake bottom mud, the auxiliary materials in the step S1 and the chicken manure according to the ratio of 1.5:4.5:4 to obtain a primary mixed material, uniformly scattering the auxiliary materials mixed with the microbial inoculum on the mixed primary mixed material to be fermented, uniformly stirring, putting into an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device, and waiting for fermentation;

s3, ventilating and turning: an air blower (6) is adopted to perform intermittent aeration in the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device, the aeration time is 0.5 hour and the interval time is 1.5 hours, and the aeration rate is 1.2m³Square meter per hour; turning the pile by adopting a pile turning assembly in the fermentation device, wherein the frequency is 1 day to 2 times.

S4, decomposing materials: judging the composting progress and the decomposing degree through the composting temperature change, the material color, the organic matter components and the structure, and detecting whether ammonia gas residue exists or not as a standard for finishing the first stage;

B. and (3) composting in the second stage:

s5, secondary fermentation: during secondary fermentation, a mixed microbial inoculum of azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium dissolving bacteria is added to the fermentation product of the first stage, so that the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the compost material are increased; wherein, the mixed bacteria liquid of azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium bacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1 is uniformly mixed with the primary fermentation product in a ratio of 28-32: 1;

s6, high-temperature fermentation and pile turning: turning over once in 1-2 days at high temperature, and fermenting for 6-8 days;

s7, screening and transporting: and after fermentation is finished, screening and processing the materials into particles, and packaging and transporting the particles.

2. The resource utilization method of the river and lake bottom mud for preparing the organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the river and lake bottom mud in the step S1 is not higher than 70%, the water content of the reed is not higher than 12%, the water content of the mixture of the sawdust and the rice bran is not higher than 12%, and the water content of the chicken manure is not higher than 60%; and the reed in the step S1 is cut into 1-2cm and is firstly uniformly mixed with sawdust and thermal fertilizer, wherein the sawdust and the sawdust are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 4-6; the microbial inoculum in the step S2 is white rot fungi.

3. The resource utilization method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compost temperature change in the step S4 is divided into four periods, the temperature rise period is that the temperature of the compost rises from normal temperature to 40-45 ℃, the high temperature period is 45-70 ℃ and is maintained at 52-58 ℃ for one week, the highest temperature period is maintained for 3 days, then the temperature reduction period is carried out, the temperature of the compost is reduced to room temperature, and then the compost is aged and matured; the color of the material is changed from yellow gray, acid odor and mosquito and fly to light brown, and the material is odorless and is judged to be thoroughly decomposed when no ammonia gas residue is detected.

4. The resource utilization equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud comprises an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device, and is characterized in that the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device comprises a box body (5), a partition plate (14) is arranged in the box body (5), ventilation pores (15) are formed in the partition plate (14), a feed inlet (1) is formed in a top plate of the box body (5), the material enters the partition plate (14) from the feed inlet (1) and falls on the partition plate (14), a discharge outlet (2) is formed in the side wall of one side of the box body (5), the discharge outlet (2) is positioned above the partition plate (14), and valves are arranged on the discharge outlet (2) and the feed inlet (1); the automatic stacking machine is characterized in that a movable collecting box (7) is arranged below the partition plate (14), the collecting box (7) is communicated with the air blower (6) through an air guide pipe (18), a stack turning assembly is arranged above the partition plate and comprises a stack turning piece (9), the stack turning piece (9) is driven by a stepping motor (3) to rotate, and the stepping motor (3) is arranged on a top plate of the box body (5).

5. The resource utilization equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud as claimed in claim 4, wherein the collection box (7) is of a drawer type structure, and a front cover plate of the collection box (7) is fixedly connected with the side wall of the box body (5) through a bolt (17); an air inlet (19) is formed in one side wall of the collecting box (7), the air inlet (19) corresponds to an air inlet through hole in one side wall of the box body (5), and the air guide pipe (18) sequentially penetrates through the air inlet through hole of the box body (5) to be connected with the air inlet (19) of the collecting box (7).

6. The resource utilization equipment for preparing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud as claimed in claim 4, wherein a vertically downward output shaft of the stepping motor (3) penetrates through a bearing on a top plate of the box body (5) and extends into the box body (5), a rotary table (20) is connected to the bottom end of the output shaft, a connecting shaft (8) is vertically arranged at the bottom of the rotary table (20), the pile turning pieces (9) are arranged on the connecting shaft (8) in an array manner, and a sliding piece (12) is arranged at the bottom end of the connecting shaft (8) and contacts with the partition plate (14).

7. The resource utilization equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pile turning piece (9) is obliquely arranged on the connecting shaft (8), and the pile turning piece (9) is of a plate-shaped structure with one flat side and one thick side; the ventilation holes (15) on the partition plate (14) are arranged in a multi-ring type annular array, a clearance ring part (16) for the sliding part (12) to slide is arranged in the middle of the multi-ring type ventilation holes (15) of the partition plate (14), and the clearance ring part (16) is smooth in surface and is not provided with the ventilation holes (15); and the fine yarn nets are arranged at the positions of the ventilation fine holes (15).

8. The resource utilization equipment for manufacturing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sliding member (12) comprises a universal ball, the universal ball is connected with the bottom end of the connecting shaft (8), and the pushing members (11) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the universal ball.

9. The resource utilization equipment for preparing the organic fertilizer from the river and lake bottom mud as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pushing member (11) is of a Z-shaped plate structure, transverse plates on the upper portion of the pushing member (11) are connected to two sides of the universal ball supporting seat, and soft brushes are arranged on the bottom surfaces of the transverse plates on the lower portion of the pushing member (11) and are in surface contact with the partition plates (14).

10. The resource utilization equipment for manufacturing organic fertilizer from river and lake bottom mud is characterized in that the top of the sliding piece (12) is connected with the connecting plate (10) at the bottom end of the connecting shaft (8) through a spring (13).

Background

With the rapid rise of industrial and agricultural industries, lakes and rivers become drainage and irrigation lands for industrial and agricultural and domestic sewage, so that the rivers and lakes are polluted, and the eutrophication condition is serious. The self-cleaning capability of rivers and lakes is poor, the fluidity of lake water is small, and the difficulty in treating bottom mud of polluted rivers and lakes is high. The conventional river and lake bottom mud treatment method mainly comprises in-situ remediation and ex-situ remediation, wherein the in-situ remediation technology is applied more in comprehensive treatment of biological agent remediation, soil in-situ coverage and ecological remediation; the heterotopic restoration technology is applied in the modes of fertilizer treatment, landfill, discarding, incineration and the like, but the landfill and ocean discarding are only drinking 40489and thirst quenching, but not long-term measures for bottom mud treatment.

According to survey, 10% of lake sediment in lakes with the total area of more than 10km2 in China has the serious pollution deterioration condition. How to treat the pollution of the bottom mud of rivers and lakes, and simultaneously carrying out the treatment of the pollution of the lakes and the recycling of the bottom mud of the rivers and lakes is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present. The river and lake bottom mud has high content of nitrogen and phosphorus and organic matters such as humus, cellulose, refractory organic matters and the like, and has great fertilizer utilization potential.

In the prior art, the substrate sludge compost actually realizes the conversion and stabilization of organic matters in the substrate sludge through the decomposition of microorganisms on the organic matters, but is difficult to realize the conversion of some organic matters and nutrient substances to the valence state which is easy to be absorbed by plants, and can not solve the problems of harmful microorganisms and the like in the substrate sludge. Naturally, the composting period is long, resulting in depletion of nutrients.

The method is a bottom mud resource utilization method for preparing river and lake bottom mud into organic fertilizer based on a modified aerobic fermentation composting technology; meanwhile, in consideration of the outstanding problems that the bottom sludge is easy to solidify, the composting effect is poor, the composting efficiency is low and a large amount of nitrogen is easily lost, the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device is purposefully provided, so that on one hand, compost materials are prevented from caking to keep the materials loose and favorable for ventilation, and on the other hand, the compost materials are promoted to be uniformly mixed, so that the fermentation process is accelerated, and the fermentation period is shortened.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a resource utilization method and equipment for preparing organic fertilizer from river and lake bottom mud, wherein the river and lake bottom mud is mixed with chicken manure as a substrate by utilizing auxiliary materials such as straw, sawdust and the like, so that the C/N ratio in the composting fermentation process is adjusted, the composting temperature rise time is reduced, and the composting efficiency is improved; nitrogen loss is reduced by intermittent ventilation and mechanical stack turning; the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and the potassium-dissolving bacteria are utilized to carry out secondary fermentation, so that the nutritive value of the bottom mud organic fertilizer is improved. The method solves the key problems of slow composting, low efficiency, low nutritive value and the like of the bottom mud, can realize the efficient combination of pollution treatment and resource utilization, and really realizes the fertilizer utilization of the bottom mud.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a resource utilization method for preparing organic fertilizer from river and lake bottom mud comprises the following steps:

A. composting in the first stage:

s1, mixing the raw materials and the auxiliary materials: the proportion of the compost bottom mud and the auxiliary materials is as follows: 10-20% of river and lake bottom mud; auxiliary materials: 25-35% of reed and 10-20% of sawdust and chaff; thermal fertilizer: 35-45% of chicken manure;

s2, mixing the materials with a microbial inoculum, and propagating: taking out the mixed auxiliary materials, uniformly mixing the microbial inoculum and the auxiliary materials according to the ratio of 1:10, mixing the river and lake bottom mud, the auxiliary materials in the step S1 and the chicken manure according to the ratio of 1.5:4.5:4 to obtain a primary mixed material, uniformly scattering the auxiliary materials mixed with the microbial inoculum on the mixed primary mixed material to be fermented, uniformly stirring, putting into an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device, and waiting for fermentation;

s3, ventilating and turning: intermittent ventilation is carried out in the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device by adopting the blowerIntermittent for 1.5 hours at 0.5 hour interval, and aeration rate of 1.2m³Square meter per hour; turning the piles by adopting a pile turning assembly in the fermentation device, wherein the frequency is 1 day to 2 times;

s4, decomposing materials: judging the composting progress and the decomposing degree through the composting temperature change, the material color, the organic matter components and the structure, and detecting whether ammonia gas residue exists or not as a standard for finishing the first stage;

B. and (3) composting in the second stage:

s5, secondary fermentation: during secondary fermentation, a mixed microbial inoculum of azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium dissolving bacteria is added to the fermentation product of the first stage, so that the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the compost material are increased; wherein, the mixed bacteria liquid of azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium bacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1 is uniformly mixed with the primary fermentation product in a ratio of 28-32: 1;

s6, high-temperature fermentation and pile turning: turning over once in 1-2 days at high temperature, and fermenting for 6-8 days;

s7, screening and transporting: and after fermentation is finished, screening and processing the materials into particles, and packaging and transporting the particles.

Further, in the step S1, the water content of the river and lake bottom mud is not higher than 70%, the water content of the reed is not higher than 12%, the water content of the mixture of the sawdust and the rice bran is not higher than 12%, and the water content of the chicken manure is not higher than 60%; and the reed in the step S1 is cut into 1-2cm and is firstly uniformly mixed with sawdust and thermal fertilizer, wherein the sawdust and the sawdust are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 4-6; the microbial inoculum in the step S2 is white rot fungi.

Further, the compost temperature change in the step S4 is divided into four periods, the temperature of the compost is raised to 40-45 ℃ from normal temperature in the temperature raising period, the temperature of the compost is raised to 45-70 ℃ in the high temperature period and maintained at 52-58 ℃ for one week in the highest temperature period, the temperature is maintained for 3 days in the highest temperature period, then the temperature is lowered to room temperature in the temperature lowering period, and then the compost is aged and matured; the color of the material is changed from yellow gray, acid odor and mosquito and fly to light brown, and the material is odorless and is judged to be thoroughly decomposed when no ammonia gas residue is detected.

In addition, the invention also discloses resource utilization equipment for manufacturing organic fertilizers from river and lake bottom mud, which comprises an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device and is characterized in that the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device comprises a box body, a partition plate is arranged in the box body, ventilation pores are formed in the partition plate, a feed inlet is formed in a top plate of the box body, materials enter the partition plate from the feed inlet and fall onto the partition plate, a discharge outlet is formed in the side wall of one side of the box body and is positioned above the partition plate, and valves are arranged on the discharge outlet and the feed inlet; the automatic stacking machine is characterized in that a movable collecting box is arranged below the partition plate and communicated with an air blower through an air duct, a pile turning assembly is arranged above the partition plate and comprises a pile turning piece, the pile turning piece is driven by a stepping motor to rotate, and the stepping motor is arranged on a top plate of the box body

Furthermore, the collecting box is of a drawer type structure, and a front cover plate of the collecting box is fixedly connected with the side wall of the box body through a bolt; an air inlet is formed in one side wall of the collecting box and corresponds to an air inlet through hole in one side wall of the box body, and the air guide pipe sequentially penetrates through the air inlet through hole of the box body to be connected with the air inlet of the collecting box.

Further, the vertical downward output shaft of the stepping motor penetrates through a bearing on a top plate of the box body and extends into the box body, the bottom end of the output shaft of the stepping motor is connected with a rotary table, a connecting shaft is vertically arranged at the bottom of the rotary table, the pile turning pieces are arranged on the connecting shaft in an array mode, and a sliding piece is arranged at the bottom end of the connecting shaft and contacts with the partition plate.

Furthermore, the pile turning piece is obliquely arranged on the connecting shaft and is of a plate-shaped structure with one flat side and one thick side; the ventilation holes in the partition plate are arranged in a multi-ring type annular array, a clearance ring part is arranged in the middle of the multi-ring type ventilation holes in the partition plate and is used for sliding of the sliding piece, and the clearance ring part is smooth in surface and is not provided with the ventilation holes; and the fine gauze screens are arranged at the positions of the ventilation fine holes.

Furthermore, the sliding part comprises a universal ball, the universal ball is connected with the bottom end of the connecting shaft, and pushing parts are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the universal ball.

Furthermore, the pushing piece is of a Z-shaped plate structure, transverse plates on the upper portion of the pushing piece are connected to two sides of the universal ball supporting seat, and soft brushes are arranged on the bottom surface of the transverse plates on the lower portion of the pushing piece and are in contact with the surface of the partition plate.

Furthermore, the top of the sliding piece is connected with a connecting plate at the bottom end of the connecting shaft through a spring. The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention can realize the rapid temperature rise of the bottom mud compost at the early stage. The problems of large volume, poor air permeability and difficult rapid temperature rise in the composting process still exist after the river and lake bottom mud is dehydrated. In order to solve the problems, the invention improves the porosity of the bottom mud for composting, improves the air permeability, changes the C/N in the materials and is matched with thermal fertilizers to realize rapid temperature rise in the early stage and shorten the composting period by different material ratios and adding conditioners. Firstly, a small amount of reed is mixed in the bottom mud, or the reed and other industrial and agricultural wastes near the Dongting lake are subjected to combined composting, and then other auxiliary materials are matched to change the C/N of the pile body. The reed is rich in cellulose, and the mixed substrate sludge has good porosity, so that the oxygen condition is convenient to manufacture, the forced ventilation is intermittent, and the odor problem in the composting process is reduced. Secondly, sawdust is mixed in the bottom mud, so that the pile body can reach a high-temperature stage at a higher speed, the time for reaching the temperature required by high-temperature fermentation is shortened, and the composting efficiency is improved. And thirdly, in the first stage, the white rot fungi is utilized to increase the temperature of the compost, improve the activity of the cellulase and the hemicellulase, reduce the loss of nitrogen in the compost and promote the formation and accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the compost. Finally, the bottom mud can be mixed with some thermal fertilizers such as chicken manure, so that the temperature rise speed of the pile body can be further increased, and the decomposition process is accelerated.

2. The invention adopts an intermittent forced ventilation fermentation device, and can reduce the problem of total nitrogen loss caused by ammonia gas escape to a certain extent through intermittent forced ventilation and stack turning control. Ammonia slip is the major route of nitrogen loss during composting. In the high-temperature stage of composting, the higher the aeration degree is, the faster the ammonia gas escapes. By intermittent aeration, nitrogen losses can be minimized while ensuring that the conditions of moisture and aeration in the composting stage are met. The box body of the intermittent forced ventilation fermentation device is filled with materials through a partition plate, a drawer type collecting box is arranged below the partition plate and is used for collecting a small amount of materials scattered from ventilation pores of the partition plate, the collecting box is communicated with an air blower through an air duct, the air blower is started to guide air into the collecting box, and then the air enters the box body from the ventilation pores on the partition plate; the multi-layer type turning pieces are arranged in the box body through the connecting shaft, the turning pieces can turn materials with various heights in the box body under the driving of the rotary table, and meanwhile, the material pushing pieces are arranged at the bottom of the connecting shaft, so that the materials at the bottom of the partition plate can be turned, and the blockage caused by the materials on the piled blocks of the ventilation pores can be reduced.

3. The method can convert nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with different valences in the bottom mud into effective valences by using the microbial inoculum. During the first stage composting, the composting progress and the composting degree of the first stage are determined according to the temperature change condition of the composting (specifically divided into four stages, the temperature of a compost in a heating stage is raised to about 45 ℃ from normal temperature, the temperature of a compost in a high-temperature stage is 45-70 ℃ and is maintained for one week at about 55 ℃, the highest temperature stage is maintained for 3 days, then the temperature of the compost is lowered to room temperature and then the compost is aged and decomposed), the color and the looseness of materials (yellow gray, acid odor and mosquito and fly surround and are changed into light brown, odorless and the compost is loosely dried), and the composting termination of the first stage and the starting time of the composting of the second stage are determined accordingly. The decomposed bottom mud is fermented for the second time by using azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium dissolving bacteria, the azotobacter can reduce ammonium salt in the air, the phosphorus dissolving bacteria can reduce the pH value by releasing free acid, the insoluble phosphate is dissolved, and the potassium dissolving bacteria destroy potassium which is subjected to lattice fixation by acidic metabolite/extracellular polysaccharide, so that the potassium returns to a free state, and the effectiveness of mineral nutrient elements is improved.

4. Finally, the method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and the like, and can improve the bottom sediment composting efficiency and reduce the composting cost and speed by combining different auxiliary materials and microbial inoculum. Meanwhile, the state of mineral nutrient elements can be changed through the quota and the use of the microbial inoculum, and the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is improved.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the case of the fermentation apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the installation of the slider of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of ventilation holes in the separator of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the mounting of the connecting shaft of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the communication of the collection chamber of the present invention with the airway tube.

The text labels in the figures are represented as: 1. a feed inlet; 2. a discharge port; 3. a stepping motor; 4. a motor bracket; 5. a box body; 6. a blower; 7. a collection box; 8. a connecting shaft; 9. turning the pile; 10. a connecting plate; 11. pushing the material piece; 12. a slider; 13. a spring; 14. a partition plate; 15. fine ventilation holes; 16. a clearance ring part; 17. a bolt; 18. an air duct; 19. an air inlet; 20. a turntable.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

A resource utilization method for preparing organic fertilizer from river and lake bottom mud comprises the following steps:

A. composting in the first stage:

s1, mixing the raw materials and the auxiliary materials: because the river and lake bottom mud has high water content and low porosity, compared with an organic fertilizer which takes human and animal excreta and domestic garbage as raw materials for composting, the organic matter content of the river and lake bottom mud still has a certain difference. Therefore, the proportion of the compost bottom mud and the auxiliary materials is as follows: 10-20% of river and lake bottom mud; auxiliary materials: 25-35% of reed and 10-20% of sawdust and chaff; thermal fertilizer: 35-45% of chicken manure;

s2, mixing the materials with a microbial inoculum, and propagating: taking out the mixed auxiliary materials, uniformly mixing the microbial inoculum and the auxiliary materials according to the ratio of 1:10, mixing the river and lake bottom mud, the auxiliary materials in the step S1 and the chicken manure according to the ratio of 1.5:4.5:4 to obtain a primary mixed material, uniformly scattering the auxiliary materials mixed with the microbial inoculum on the mixed primary mixed material to be fermented, uniformly stirring, putting into an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device, and waiting for fermentation;

s3, ventilating and turningStacking: an air blower 6 is adopted to perform intermittent aeration in the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device, the aeration time is 0.5 hour and the interval time is 1.5 hours, and the aeration rate is 1.2m³Square meter per hour; and turning the piles by adopting a pile turning assembly in the fermentation device. The total nitrogen content loss can be reduced by ventilating and turning the pile, the microbial activity is improved, and the pile turning frequency can be carried out once or twice in 1 day.

S4, decomposing materials: judging the composting progress and the decomposing degree through the composting temperature change, the material color, the organic matter components and the structure, and detecting whether ammonia gas residue exists or not as a standard for finishing the first stage;

B. and (3) composting in the second stage:

s5, secondary fermentation: during secondary fermentation, a mixed microbial inoculum of azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium dissolving bacteria is added to the fermentation product of the first stage, so that the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the compost material are increased; wherein, the mixed bacteria liquid of azotobacter, phosphorus dissolving bacteria and potassium bacteria in a ratio of 1:1:1 is uniformly mixed with the primary fermentation product in a ratio of 28-32: 1;

s6, high-temperature fermentation and pile turning: turning over once in 1-2 days at high temperature, and fermenting for 6-8 days;

s7, screening and transporting: and after fermentation is finished, screening and processing the materials into particles, and packaging and transporting the particles.

Preferably, in the step S1, the water content of the river and lake bottom mud is not higher than 70%, the water content in the bottom mud composting process is preferably controlled to be 45% -70%, the water content is too high, the air permeability is poor, the water content is too low, the compost temperature rise and fermentation are not facilitated, the activity of microorganisms is higher between 45% -55% of the water content, and the cost is lower when the water content of the material is 60%; the water content of the reed is not higher than 12%, the water content of the mixture of the sawdust and the rice chaff is not higher than 12%, and the water content of 40% of the chicken manure is not higher than 60%; and the reed in the step S1 is cut into 1-2cm and is firstly uniformly mixed with sawdust and thermal fertilizer, wherein the sawdust and the sawdust are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 4-6; the microbial inoculum in the step S2 is white rot fungi.

Preferably, the temperature change of the compost in the step S4 is divided into four periods, the temperature of the compost is raised to 40-45 ℃ from normal temperature in the heating period, the temperature of the compost is raised to 45-70 ℃ in the high temperature period and maintained at 52-58 ℃ for one week in the highest temperature period, the temperature is maintained for 3 days in the highest temperature period, then the temperature is lowered to room temperature in the cooling period, and then the compost is aged and matured; the color of the material is changed from yellow gray, acid odor and mosquito and fly to light brown, and the material is odorless and is judged to be thoroughly decomposed when no ammonia gas residue is detected.

In addition, the invention also discloses resource utilization equipment for preparing organic fertilizer from river and lake bottom mud, which comprises an intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device and is characterized in that the intermittent turning forced ventilation fermentation device comprises a box body 5, a partition plate 14 is arranged in the box body 5, a ventilation pore 15 is formed in the partition plate 14, a feed inlet 1 is formed in a top plate of the box body 5, materials enter the partition plate 14 from the feed inlet 1 and fall on the partition plate 14, a discharge outlet 2 is formed in the side wall of one side of the box body 5, the discharge outlet 2 is positioned above the partition plate 14, and valves are arranged on the discharge outlet 2 and the feed inlet 1; a movable collecting box 7 is arranged below the partition plate 14, the collecting box 7 is communicated with the air blower 6 through an air duct 18, a pile turning assembly is arranged above the partition plate and comprises a pile turning part 9, the pile turning part 9 is driven by the stepping motor 3 to rotate, and the stepping motor 3 is arranged on a top plate of the box body 5

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 6, the collection box 7 is of a drawer type structure, and a front cover plate of the collection box 7 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the box body 5 through a bolt 17; an air inlet 19 is arranged on one side wall of the collecting box 7, the air inlet 19 corresponds to an air inlet through hole on one side wall of the box body 5, and the air guide pipe 18 sequentially penetrates through the air inlet through hole of the box body 5 to be connected with the air inlet 19 of the collecting box 7. The collecting box 7 can collect a small amount of materials scattered from the ventilation pores 15 of the partition plate 14, and the collecting box 7 is of a drawer type structure which can be drawn and pulled, so that the materials can be conveniently extracted and cleaned.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 5, the vertically downward output shaft of the stepping motor 3 passes through a bearing on the top plate of the box 5 and extends into the box 5, the bottom end of the output shaft is connected with a rotating disc 20, the bottom of the rotating disc 20 is vertically provided with a connecting shaft 8, the pile-turning pieces 9 are arranged on the connecting shaft 8 in an array manner, and the bottom end of the connecting shaft 8 is provided with a sliding piece 12 which is in contact with the partition plate 14.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the pile-turning member 9 is obliquely arranged on the connecting shaft 8, and the pile-turning member 9 is a plate-shaped structure with one flat side and one thick side; the ventilation holes 15 on the partition plate 14 are arranged in a multi-ring type annular array, a clearance ring part 16 is arranged in the partition plate 14 and positioned in the middle of the multi-ring type ventilation holes 15, the sliding part 12 slides, and the clearance ring part 16 is smooth in surface and is not provided with the ventilation holes 15; and the fine gauze is arranged at the positions of the ventilation fine holes 15. The stack turning pieces 9 are arranged in a multi-layer mode, and can simultaneously turn the materials at all heights in the box body 5, so that the stack turning effect is guaranteed.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the sliding member 12 includes a universal ball, the universal ball is connected to the bottom end of the connecting shaft 8, and the pushing members 11 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the universal ball. The pushing piece 11 is of a Z-shaped plate structure, a transverse plate at the upper part of the pushing piece 11 is connected to two sides of the universal ball supporting seat, and a soft brush is arranged on the bottom surface of a transverse plate at the lower part of the pushing piece 11 and is in surface contact with the partition plate 14. The top of the sliding piece 12 is connected with the connecting plate 10 at the bottom end of the connecting shaft 8 through a spring 13. The material pushing piece 11 can not only turn and push materials on the partition plate 14, but also prevent the materials at the ventilation pore 15 from being piled up and extruded into blocks for a long time, so that the blocking phenomenon of the ventilation pore 15 can be reduced.

In conclusion, based on the modified aerobic fermentation composting technology, the invention carries out a plurality of beneficial improvements on the process of recycling the substrate sludge produced by the river and lake substrate sludge as the organic fertilizer: according to the invention, the auxiliary materials and the microbial inoculum are utilized and the material proportion is adopted to promote the rapid temperature rise in the composting process, improve the composting temperature, improve the composting efficiency and speed and reduce the excessive loss of microorganisms to nutrient substances in the early composting stage. According to the invention, by reasonably using the microbial inoculum and combining the composting mode and intermittent ventilation, the loss of ammonia gas is reduced, the total nitrogen loss can be reduced, and the problem of stink generated by substrate sludge composting can be solved. According to the invention, the microbial inoculum is utilized for secondary fermentation, so that nutrients are converted into a valence state which is easy to absorb by plants, and the fertilizer efficiency of the bottom sludge compost is improved. The method can be used for treating and disposing the river and lake bottom mud in all areas, basically has no secondary pollution, high efficiency and low cost, and has good economic benefit and environmental benefit.

It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.